什麼是主語從句?
一、主語從句的定義
主語從句:在複雜句中充當主語成分的句子。
主語就是動作的發出者,圖片中是一些簡單的例子。
主語從句的例子:
That he finished writing the composition in such a short time surprised us all.
他在很短的時間內寫完作文讓我們都很驚訝,此複合句主要描述的是某事讓我們驚訝,某事就是該複合句的主語,因此「That he finished writing the composition in such a short time」便是該複合句的主語從句。
二、引導主語從句的連接詞從屬連詞:that whether
連接代詞:who whoever whom whose what whatever which whichever
連接副詞:when where how why
從屬連詞:that whether
主語從句中連接詞的選用原則是缺什麼就補什麼。
如果從句中缺賓語,指物用what,指人用whom,如果從句中缺狀語,則用連接副詞(where,when,whenever等等),如果從句中缺定語就用which,從句里什麼都不缺,就用that連接。
主語從句的時態不受主句時態的影響和限制
名詞性從句的時態規則:
1、主句謂語動詞是現在或將來時,從句謂語動詞可以用任何需要的時態。
eg1:I wonder what he is doing now.(從句現在進行時)
我想知道他現在在幹什麼
eg2:Do you know when and where he was born?(從句過去時)
你知道他在何時何地出身嗎?
eg3:I"ll write to tell him where I "ll meet him.(從句將來時)
我將寫信告訴他我將在哪裡與他碰面。
2、主句謂語動詞是過去時,從句謂語動詞一般需用過去時。
從句與主句的謂語動作同時發生,從句用一般過去時或過去進行時。
I thought that he studied hard.
我認為他學習很努力。
He told me his son was watching TV.
他告訴我他的兒子在看電視。
3、從句謂語動作在主句謂語動作之後,從句用過去將來時。
He said he would spend his holidays in Qingdao.
他告訴我他將在青島度假。
4、從句謂語動作在主句謂語動作之前,從句用過去完成時。
They told me they had waited for me half an hour.
他們告訴我他們已經等了我半小時了。
5、從句如果有表示過去某一具體時間的狀語,仍用過去時。
She told me her brother died in 1945.
她告訴我她的哥哥(弟弟)出生在1945年。
6、客觀的條件,從句時態不受絲毫影響。
(1)從句說明的是不受時間限制的事實或真理(客觀真理)。
The teacher told us that the earth turns from west to east.
老師告訴我們地球自西向東轉。
He said Asia is the largest continent.
他說亞洲是最大的大陸。
It was true that water freezes at thirty-two degrees Fahrenheit.
水在的確是在32華氏度結冰的。
(2)當從句表示的是反覆出現的時態不變。
She told me that she gets up at six o"clock every morning.
她告訴我她每天早晨6點起床。
He asked me when the train usually starts.
他向我詢問火車通常何時出發。
(3)當從句是用來表達解釋科技內容時時態不變。
(4)當從句的謂語動作仍在繼續時,或者表示現在仍在的狀態時,時態不變。
He said that the workers in that factory are trying to fulfill the task in time.
他說那家公司的員工正在全力及時完成任務。
She told me the other day that she is only 10.
她告訴我那天她只有10歲。
剛開始學主語從句的時候可能覺得知識點比較多,但只要做好歸納,將各個知識點連成網,就能很快掌握,將重點難點一一擊破。
另外,主語從句經常和賓語從句,同位語從句,定語從句,狀語從句等等放在一起考,要做好區分。
這個問題,我給你一個簡單的判斷方法即可解決。不僅可以解決主語從句,其他從句也一樣的判斷方法。
方法就是,如果一個句子來充當一個大句子的主語,賓語,定語,同位語或狀語,那麼這個句子就被叫做主語從句,賓語從句等等。舉個例子給你。先看一個沒有主語從句的簡單句子,it is bad news。本句主語就是一個代詞it。再看一個含有主語從句的複雜句。that he has failed in the exam is bad news。此句後半句都一樣,只是主語換成了that引導的句子來充當,自然這個that引導的句子就是主語從句了。
所以,要快速判斷出何種從句,一定要先知道句子的基本成分(主謂賓等)。不會的話,是沒辦法很好理解各種從句的。推薦可以看看我發表的頭條文章《想學通英語語法?那你必須先了解句子成分!不懂?那就快看吧!》
簡單來說,主語從句就是在複雜句中充當主語的句子。
眾所周知,一個句子必須要有「主、謂、賓」才能形成一個完整的句子。而充當主語的成分可以只是一個單詞,也可以是一個句子。
例:Flowers are beautiful.
What we need is food.
在上面兩個例句中,「Flowers」和「what we need 」在句子中都是做的主語,不同的是 他們分別是一個名詞和一個句子。但是,他們所做的成分都是一樣的,都是擔當的主語。
複合句中除了主語從句還有定語從句,賓語從句等,但最重要的就是主語從句,它是核心部分。例如在上述第二個例句中,「what 」引導的是一個主語從句,同時「what」在「what we need」中,做的還是need的賓語。
- 引導主語從句的連詞有what . whatever .who. that.whether.
- 當連詞位於句首時不能省略。如果省略,則沒有主語,句子不完整了。
- 主語從句大多數情況下都為第三人稱單數,但是也有例外。但是一般情況下都是這樣的。
- 主語從句的時態不受主句時態的影響。
主語從句就是一個從句來做主語!
我們都知道,有名詞可以當主語,代詞可以當主語,數詞可以當主語。
那麼如果主語變長的話,可以用名詞片語來做主語,再變長的話,就是從句來做主語了
就是it is that 裡面的it =一句話,一個詞,或者半句話!what you want is that,your favorite song is that
一個句子在複合句中充當一個主語,那麼這個句子就是主語從句。
第一部分:常規主語從句,即句子在複合句中充當一個主語
(1)That he finished writing the composition in such a short time surprised us all.
(2)Whether we will go for an outing tomorrow remains unknown.
(3)Who will be our monitor hasn"t been decided yet.
(4) Whom we must study for is a question of great importance.
(5)What caused the accident remains unknown.
(6)Whatever you did is right.
(7)Whose watch was lost is unknown.
(8)What we need is time.
(9)What we need are good doctors.
小結:
(1)引導主語從句連詞有that,whether,who,what,whatever等
(2)連詞位於句首不能省略
(3)主語從句大多數情況下視為三單,但也有例外,如例9
主語擱置句末
(1)It is certain that he will win the match.
(2)It is true that he has made a very important discovery in chemistry.
(3)It is very likely that they will hold a meeting.
(4)It is strange that he should do that.
(5)It is important that we all should attend the meeting.
(6)It is strange that the man should have stuck to his silly ideas.
(7)It is a pity that we won"t be able to go to the south to spend our summer vacation.
(8)It is still a mystery what caused the accident.
(9)It is said that he has gone to shanghai.(=He is said to have gone to shanghai)
(10)It is known to all that the gun powder was first invented by the Chinese.
(11)It is suggested that the work should be done with great care.
(12)It seems that he has seen the film.(=He seems to have seen the film)
(13)It happened that the two cheats were there. (=The two cheats happened to be there)
小結:
(1)以that 引出的主語從句,常以形式主語it引導. It is +形容詞/名詞/某些動詞ed + that 從句.
(2) 在有些that從句中要用虛擬語氣 (should+do/should+have done)例句4,5,6,11.
主語從句與賓語從句兩者的用法和在句中的作用是不同的,下面從它們的各自用法,介紹:)
(此篇為摘選,謝謝。)
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