1938年希爾姐妹將生日歌的版權賣給了Summy Company(薩米出版公司)並在ASCAP進行了註冊。此後Sunmmy Company又被美國Sengstacke桑斯塔格家族(美國最著名的非裔美國人出版商家族)收購,生日歌的版權歸屬於Birch Tree Group Limited公司。
1988年,華納公司(Warner/Chappell Music)以2800萬美元的當時天價收購了Birch Tree Group Limited公司,生日歌的版權最終歸屬於華納公司。
華納從電影、電視、廣播以及任何公開表演收取生日歌的版權費用,包括在過生日時除家人和好友之外,任何人其他唱這首歌都要付費(飯店吃飯時,鄰桌在過生日,自己出於好意與鄰桌合唱生日歌,也要向華納支付版權費用)。
因為華納對這生日歌的強勢佔有,引發了很多音樂使用人的不滿,尤其是專業電影人和專業音樂人的不滿,在華納享受生日歌帶來的豐厚收入的同時,華納也要不斷面對來自電影人和音樂人的壓力和訴訟。
最著名的案件是電影人Jennifer Nelson(電影《獵殺U-571》的副導演)對華納公司提起的集體訴訟以及Rupa Marya v. Warner Chappell Music Inc, Case No. 2:13-cv-04460 案件(Rupa Marya也就是法國樂隊Rupa the April Fishes的女主唱,感興趣的朋友可以去聽他們的音樂)。
華納公司的搖錢樹提前終止了。(華納法律主張的保護期到2030年,認為生日歌屬於Work For Hire僱用作品,生日歌的版權於1935年正式生成,美國版權法保護期為95年,法律案件專業性太強,公眾號內就不展開討論了)
值得一提的是,美國聯邦法院判決生日歌成為公播作品的法官George H. King是一名傑出的華裔法官。出生於上海,先居住於美國加州,畢業於UCLA和USC。
法律保障行業,行業確定每個人的利益都得到保障。這是發達國家普遍通行的規則。
故事講完了,希望大家有所收穫。
謝謝。
References:
Weiser, Benjamin (June 13,2013). "Birthday Songs Copyright Leads to a Lawsuit for the Ages".The New York Times. Retrieved June 14, 2013.
"Happy Birthday andthe Money It Makes". The New York Times. December 26, 1989. RetrievedMarch 7, 2013.
Good Morning to YouProductions v. Warner/Chappell Music, Inc. (U.S. District Court for the CentralDistrict of California 2016) ("The Court hereby declares that, as of theFinal Settlement Date, the Song entitled Happy Birthday to You! will be in thepublic domain.").
"Rupa Marya, et al. v.Warner/Chappell Music, Inc., et al". United States District Court for theCentral District of California. September 22, 2015. Case Number CV-13-4460-GHK.Retrieved June 18, 2016.
Konstantinides, Anneta (May12, 2015). "Thats Not What She Wished For! Grandma, 102, Blows Out HerBirthday Candles ... and Ends Up Losing Her Teeth Instead". The DailyMail. London. Retrieved September 23, 2015.
Feaster, Patrick (June 20,2014), "Edith Goodyear Alger: Lyricist of Happy Birthday to You?"Griffonage-Dot-Com.
Russell, Carrie (2004).Complete Copyright: An Everyday Guide for Librarians. American LibraryAssociation. p. 15. Retrieved June 14, 2013 – via Google Books.
Balme, Charlie (22 December2015). "US Happy Birthday copyright case settles after protracted legalbattle". Marks Clerk. Retrieved 7 January 2017.
"Happy Birthday to YouBelongs to Everyone: Lawsuit". New York Post.
"Case docket: Rupa Maryav. Warner Chappell Music Inc". archive.org. Retrieved September 15, 2015.
Notice of VoluntaryDismissal, Good Morning To You Productions Corp. v. Warner/Chappell Music,Docket No. 1:13-cv-04040 (S.D.N.Y. filed July 26, 2013).
The melody of "Happy Birthday to You" comes from the song "Good Morning to All", which has been attributed to American siblings Patty Hill and Mildred J. Hill in 1893, although the claim that the sisters composed the tune is disputed.
The combination of melody and lyrics in "Happy Birthday to You" first appeared in print in 1912, and probably existed even earlier. None of these early appearances included credits or copyright notices. The Summy Company registered for copyright in 1935, crediting authors Preston Ware Orem and Mrs. R.R. Forman. In 1988, Warner/Chappell Music purchased the company owning the copyright for $25 million, with the value of "Happy Birthday" estimated at $5 million. Based on the 1935 copyright registration, Warner claims that the United States copyright will not expire until 2030, and that unauthorized public performances of the song are technically illegal unless royalties are paid to Warner. In one specific instance in February 2010, these royalties were said to amount to $700. In the European Union, the copyright of the song will expire no later than December 31, 2016.The American copyright status of "Happy Birthday to You" began to draw more attention with the passage of the Copyright Term Extension Act in 1998. When the U.S. Supreme Court upheld the Act in Eldred v. Ashcroft in 2003, Associate Justice Stephen Breyer specifically mentioned "Happy Birthday to You" in his dissenting opinion. American law professor Robert Brauneis, who extensively researched the song, has expressed strong doubts that it is still under copyright. In 2013, based in large part on Brauneiss research, Good Morning to You Productions, a documentary film company, sued Warner/Chappell for falsely claiming copyright to the song.Happy Birthday to You
在美國,華納兄弟公司擁有該歌曲與歌詞的組合版權直到2030年,但版權歸屬是有爭議的。歐洲則會在2016年到期。屆時如無意外,應該會成為一首「公有領域」的歌曲。
話說,這首歌才傳唱了不到100年這個事實才是最震撼人心的,我覺得有一種它幾百年前就成了經典的錯覺。
是的,肯德基所放的一切音樂都是有版權的,未經許可的歌曲不得在肯德基餐廳播映,不然就是侵權Happy Birthday to You" Where did that song come from? The story of how the song "Happy Birthday to You" came to be, began as a sweet one, that later soured. Two sisters, Mildred Hill, a teacher at the Louisville, Kentucky Experimental Kindergarten, and Dr. Patty Hill, the principal of the same school, together wrote a song for the children, entitled "Good Morning to All." When Mildred combined her musical talents, as the resident expert on spiritual songs, and as the organist for her church, with her sisters expertise in the area of Kindergarten Education, "Good Morning to All" was sure to be a success. 關於「祝你生日快樂」一歌是怎麼發生的故事,一開始是件令人愉快的事,到後來就變了味,令人很敗興。工作是這樣 的:有姐妹倆,一個叫瑪德里德·希爾,路易思想爾市肯德基試驗幼兒園教師,一個叫柏蒂·希爾,該校的校長。姐妹 倆一道為兒童們譜寫了一首歌,歌名為「我們早上好」。瑪德里德是當地讚美歌的專家,再加上她的音樂天資,又是當 地教堂的風琴師,並且她姐姐在幼兒教育方面也很有經歷,「我們早上好」一歌無疑是個巨大的成功。 The sisters published the song in a collection entitled "Song Stories of the Kindergarten" in 1893. Thirty-one years later, after Dr. Patty Hill became the head of the Department of Kindergarten Education at Columbia Universitys Teacher College, a gentleman by the name of Robert H. Coleman published the song, without the sisters permission. To add insult to injury, he added a second verse, the familiar "Happy Birthday to You." 1893年,兩姐妹宣布了一部歌曲集,題名為「幼兒園的故事」。三十一年以後,在柏蒂·希爾出任哥倫比亞大學師範學院幼兒教育系系主任之後,一個名叫羅伯特·H·科爾曼的男人未經姐妹倆的答應,私自出書了這首歌,在這首歌后又加上了一段,即我們了解的「祝你生日快樂」,這就構成了對姐妹倆的損傷和凌辱。科爾曼先生添加的第二段歌詞使這首歌很快就十分盛行。 Mr. Colemans addition of the second verse popularized the song and, eventually, the sisters original first verse disappeared. "Happy Birthday to You," the one and only birthday song, had altogether replaced the sisters original title, "Good Morning to All." 終究,姐妹倆的榜首段歌詞消失了。「祝你生日快樂」,這首僅有的生日歌完全替代了姐妹倆本來的歌曲「我們早上好!」。 瑪德里德於1916年去世後,柏蒂與其另一個妹妹傑西卡出頭將科爾曼先生告上了法庭。在法庭上,她們證明,實際上她們擁有這首歌曲調的版權。因為這首歌曲的法定版權歸於希爾姐妹家,它便被賦予了皇權,不管何時這首歌因商用意圖而被唱的時分,其皇權總是會受到保護的。
在中國國內應該沒有。
推薦閱讀: