過去式代表什麼意思?
一般過去式代表過去發生的動作或事情,可是我就不理解。
hey,I found my key! 是不是內心應該翻譯成:我剛才找到了我的鑰匙。(雖然我們一般講:我找到了我的鑰匙。)
還有,Long time ago,a tiger was hungry. He saw a boy and ate him. 內心是不是應該這樣翻譯:很久之前,一個老虎那時很餓,它那時看見一個男孩,於是那時候把男孩吃掉了。雖然我們嘴上不會這麼翻譯,但是內心是這麼理解的?
(?????_?????)謝謝回答~
Your understanding is correct on both counts, except in the first case 我剛才找到了我的鑰匙 can be written as "I have just found my key".
"Hey,I found my key!" (or "I have found my key") can be translated as "我已經找到我的鑰匙「There are four forms of Past Tense:
1. Simple Past Tense
2. Past Progressive Tense
3. Past Perfect Tense
4. Past Perfect Progressive Tense
Note the following:
a. Actions of all 4 Past Tenses were completed in the past and are no longer ongoing at present.
b. All such actions refer to some forms of time expressions, e.g., yesterday morning, last week, from 10 a.m. to 12:00 a.m. two days ago, last twelve months.
c. Duration is not important with #1 Simple Past Tense and #3 Past Perfect Tense, but relevant with #2 Past Progressive Tense and #4 Past Perfect Progressive Tense.
#1: Simple Past Tense (note: there is no reference to duration)
i. During the school term in Grade 2, I walked to school every day.
ii. I went to school yesterday.
iii. I got married when I was 30.
#2: Past Progressive Tense (note: there is reference to duration)
i. I was taking a shower when you called this morning.
ii. From 9:00 a.m. to 10:00 a.m. this morning, I was driving to work.
iii. For two whole hours this morning, I was trying to find my car keys.
#3: Past Perfect Tense (note: there is no reference to duration)
i. I had just finished breakfast when you called this morning.
ii. By 7:00 p.m. last night, I had finished my homework.
iii. I had finished college at the age of 23.
#4: Past Perfect Progressive Tense (note: there is reference to duration)
i. For two years I had been exercising almost every day, but I stopped doing that on my 30th birthday.
ii. John said, 「I had been trying to make our marriage work in the first two years, but eventually I gave up after my ex-wife kept trying to live up to the Jones.」
iii. I had been studying in college for four years before I graduated and found my first job.
Difference between Present Perfect Tense and Simple Past Tense
Both tenses referred to actions that were completed in the past, but Present Perfect Tense do not specify time, but Simple Past Tense does.
Example:Present Perfect Tense: John said, 「I have finished supper already. What can I do for you?」
Simple Past Tense: John said, 「I finished supper 20 minutes ago. What can I do for you?」
首先,題主在基本的語法概念敘述上出了很大的問題。
過去時和過去式是兩回事。前者指時態,後者指動詞的變化形式。
過去時表示過去發生的動作,現在不發生,這個動作只在過去發生。在例子中:I found my key. 就是指我剛剛找到了鑰匙。這個動作就是過去發生的,我剛才找到了我的鑰匙,考慮動作發生時間,就是在過去發生的,並不是在說話的這個現在發生的。後面的老虎、男孩等發生的動作都是在過去而非現在,所以用過去時。
過去式是指在一般過去時中動詞相應的變化。時態是通過動詞的變化體現出來的,不同於漢語通過語境和虛詞來表示動作發生的時間。
再舉個栗子:
心愛的人在車禍中喪生,變成鬼魂去看你,你一往情深,就算是她變成鬼還是愛她,所以會說 I still love you. 此時此刻,我仍舊愛著你。但是鬼魂說,人鬼殊途,我生前愛你,但是此刻已為鬼身,便無法再愛,於是說I loved you. 表示我過去愛你,但是現在無法再愛。
你的好兄弟背叛了你,你痛心疾首地說:I knew you, but I dont know you any more. 我認識以前的那個你,現在的這個人我認不出了。
時態簡單講是指動作發生的時間,但是其內涵仍舊是在語境中體現,而非在單個句子中就能完全表達出完全的含義,所以建議題主多閱讀體會。
1.英語中的過去式表示動作發生在過去。
2.第一句中的「了」就是漢語中表示動作完成的標誌,不用在翻譯的時候刻意加上時間狀語(剛才),除非英文原句中有明顯的時間狀語。
3.同理,第二句也不用非得加上「那時」,有時間狀語「很久之前」和「了」就夠了。很久之前,有一隻老虎很餓,它看見了一個小男孩,把他吃了。
4.漢語里除了「了」,能表示動作完了、可以翻譯英文過去式的還有「過」。如l liked him, but left him then. 可譯成:我喜歡過他,可後來我離開了他。
一、
看起來英語語法和中文語法衝突,讓你疑惑了,實際上兩種語言反映了兩種文化。我得說,漢語的時間性不體現到詞的變化,而依賴時間狀語,而你過度專註將英語詞的時態變化(-ed, have done)直接和漢語動詞比較。
二、
先回到你的問題,你的理解沒問題。
「我剛才找到了我的鑰匙」,「剛才」、「了」和原句 Hey,I found my key! 還是有區別,強調動作在說話時已經結束,結束時間距離現在很短暫。原句沒有如此明確和強烈意味。
第二個例子,用法語很好理解,專程有時態表達一個史實或杜撰事情(希特勒死了,山上有座廟廟裡有個和尚)。我認同我的法語教授講的,法語《小王子》,用其他任何一個版本翻譯稿無法體現。
三、
拉回來,你需要做的是第一判斷這個時態,第二用漢語常有的語法翻譯。判斷,只要弄明白過去時表達1、一個不經常發生的事情,2、在講話的時候已經結束的一個動作。譬如,我老是丟鑰匙總是很快找到,用過去時就不恰當。
漢語翻譯上,第二句我這樣幫你:很久很久以前(孩子們一聽到,就知道睡前故事來了,迪士尼最喜歡這樣開頭),有隻老虎餓了,它看見一男孩,接著吃掉他。
這樣漢語用一個「很久很久以前」解決後面所有時態問題。
祝你不再糾結。
代表過去的事。中文會說,我昨天吃了一個蘋果。前天我找到我丟了的項鏈了。半年前我還在機關單位工作的時候。
英語的語言習慣不一樣,所以動詞就常常會發生變化。
西班牙語陰陽性el nino 和la nina 小男孩小女孩。
每個語言的習慣不一樣,所以語法不一樣。如果翻譯的時候要遵照目標語言的語法進行理解。
代表動作發生在過去。
代表曾經做過的事情啊……就是之前做了的...
代表過去的動作。且與現在無關聯。
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