雅思老師:辭彙量要積累,語法更重要

很多同學在雅思考試中都會有這樣的感受,明明句子中的單詞大部分我都認識,可是就是很難翻譯成一句連貫的話,這就很容易弄錯文章的整體意思,從而與正確答案失之交臂。其實有想雅思閱讀最重要的一個因素就是句子的整體結構。今天張老師就要為大家大致講一下這個問題。

第一,了解句子的類型。

最常見的雅思閱讀段落中基本句型就是簡單句、並列句和複合句。

簡單句,大家應該見得很多,句子,只有一種很簡單的結構主語和謂語。

比如:Tourists have chance to experience a completely different culture.旅遊者有機會體驗一種完全不同的文化。

並列句,就是整段話中有兩種或者兩種以上的主謂結構,並且他們之間屬於並列關係。

比如:Foreign products, from meat to machinery, play a more important role in almost every economy in the world, and foreign markets now tempt businesses that never much worried about sales beyond their nations borders.(劍 6 Test 1 Passage 2)

  句子結構分析:這句話是由and連接的並列句,可以拆分為:

a. Foreign products, from meat to machinery, play a more important role in almost every economy in the world.

  這句話主語是Foreign products,謂語是play,賓語是a role,第一個in引導的介詞短語作狀語,第二個in引導的介詞短語作定語修飾economy,from meat to machinery是插入語。

b. And foreign markets now tempt businesses that never much worried about sales beyond their nations borders.

And並列連接詞,主語是foreign markets,謂語是tempt,賓語是businesses,that引導的定語從句修飾businesses。

複合句,這類句子就是我們常說的主語從句。這類句子一般有,兩種或兩種以上的主謂結構,但是它們之間屬於從屬關係。

比如:(1) That 引導主語從句,在主語從句中不做成分

That everyone may receive at least a moderate education is significant.

That education plays a vital role in all walks of life is clear

That advertisements are predominant in our day-to-day lives is obvious

(2)Whether 引導主語從句,在主語從句中做狀語。

Whether you can succeed in making your dream come true depends on hard work more than lick.

Whether technology is a blessing or a curse is discussed heatedly by people

Whether computers can replace the role of teachers has long been a hot topic

(3)Whoever 引導主語從句,在主語從句中做主語。

Whoever wants to reach a distant goal must take many small steps

Whoever dares wins .

Whoever seeks obtains.

Whoever suffers gets.

(4)Which 引導主語從句,在主語從句中做定語

Which way you turn is up to you

Which book you read is your decision

(5)What 引導主語從句,在主語從句中做主語,賓語。

Whats done cant be undone .

What we do willingly is easy.

(6) Whatever 引導主語從句,在主語從句中做主語,賓語

Whatever is at the center of our life will be the source of our wisdom and power.

Whatever you love and trust in this world loves you in return.

(7)Where 引導主語從句,在主語從句中做狀語。

Where we love is home

(8)How 引導主語從句,在主語從句中做狀語。

How you think and act will influence your life .

(9) when引導主語從句,在主語從句中做狀語。

When the sun is dining is the best time to repair the roof .

When you can make it depends on your efforts.

(10)Why 引導主語從句,在主語從句中做狀語。

Why so many people prefer to live in the city beyond me .

Why dinosaurs became extinct has long been a mystery to scientists and researchers.第二,清楚句子變長的原因。

很多同學在做題的時候都會遇到長難句,坐著坐著就開始犯迷糊了,好不容易看到了結尾,這之前,句子中的信息也忘得一乾二淨,又不得不用趕回去重新閱讀,這很容易浪費時間。接下來讓我們看一下這段話:

There is no doubt, however, that it is the increasing number of applicants with university education at all points in the process of engaging staff that has led to the greater importance of the curriculum vitae.

分析有插入語(however)的長難句時,我們首先把插入語去掉或提前。然後我們可以看出句子真正的主幹部分,是在no doubt後連接的從句中,而這個從句中有一個同學們在讀文章時不易識別的結構:強調句(it is … that), 看出這個,那麼這句話的主幹就不難找出了,是the increasing number of applicants has led to the importance of the curriculum vitae, 即不斷增加的申請人數使簡歷變得重要。看完主幹後,緊接著看剩下的短語,我們看到applicants後面緊跟著with university education, 限定了applicants的條件,即具有大學學歷的申請者,再加上一個狀語的限制in the process of engaging staff, 即在員工錄入的過程中,通過這樣一系列的步驟後,整句話的意思就很清晰了。

通過這樣的分析下來,我們可以發現,句子中其實嵌入了很多附屬成分比如說狀語,定語和補語。我們可以根據這樣的,規律,在讀長句的時候,先找出句子中主幹,然後再加上這些修飾句子的這部分,那我們也將會很輕鬆的理解到句子的含義。

三、想多看一些不常見的句子結構。

1倒裝句

Although numerous books have been written about American mothers, only recently has literature focused on the role of a father.

結構分析:第二個分句由於把only放在句首以強調recently,所以使用了倒裝語序。主句的正常語序應為literature has only recently focused on the role of a father.

2強調句

Similarly, noise did not affect a subjects ability to track a movie line with a steering wheel, but it did interfere with the subjects ability to repeat numbers while tracking (Frankel and Glass,1970). (C7T4P3)

這裡的第二個did放在 interfere這個謂語動詞的前面,起到強調的作用,do可以有時態的變化。表示強調的方法有很多,除了do之外,我們還可以藉助一些副詞,形容詞, 反身代詞, 如really, very, myself, extremely,片語in no way, by no means。

其實大部分同學備考雅思的時候,都會感覺自身的辭彙量不足,就想著多背背單詞,就可以得雅思高分,這種想法往往是很片面的。你連句子的主要結構都搞不清楚,那還怎麼把這些詞語組成一句通順的語句,更不用來說把句子了解的透透徹徹。對考雅思不僅要考你的辭彙量,更重要的是看你對句子了解的到底有多少,分析能力變強了,雅思閱讀的難題也就迎刃而解了。有什麼不懂的問題可以在下方評論區給我留言,我會及時為大家解惑。


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