研究：睡得少朋友也少

Everyone knows that sleep is key to our physical and mental wellbeing, however, a new study claims that getting sufficient shut-eye is also fundamental for maintaining a thriving social life.

眾所周知，睡眠對我們的身體和精神健康都很重要，然而最新的研究報告稱，保持充足的睡眠對社交有也著十分重要的作用。

According to researchers at the University of California, Berkeley, sleep-deprived individuals can suffer from more than just under-eye bags and are more likely to feel lonelier and less inclined to interact with others than their well-rested pals.

加州大學伯克利分校的研究人員表示，長期缺乏睡眠的人不僅會長眼袋，也可能感覺到更加孤獨，因為他們更不願意和其他的人交流，睡眠充足的人反之。

The findings, published in the journal Nature, revealed that those who have not slept enough may also appear more socially unattractive to others, exacerbating existing feelings of social isolation.

這項被發表在《自然》雜誌上的研究結論指出，睡眠不足的人看上去也會更加沒有社交魅力，這使得他們的社交隔離愈演愈烈。

The researchers conducted the study via a series of experiments using fMRI brain imaging, surveys, videotaped stimulations and standardised loneliness measures.

研究人員使用腦功能核磁共振成像進行一系列的實驗，調查和拍攝了大腦刺激和標準化的孤獨程度。

In the first experiment, they examined the brain scans of 18 healthy, young adults after both sleepless nights and well-rested ones.

在第一個實驗中，研究人員在分別檢查了18個健康的年輕人的睡眠充足和睡眠不足的腦部掃描結果。

Participants had their scans analysed while they watched video clips of strangers approaching them; when they felt someone had gotten too close, they could push a button to stop the video.

參與者在觀看陌生人和他們接近的片段時分析了掃描結果。當他們感覺到某個人和自己距離太近時，他們可以按下停止播放的按鈕。

The study』s authors found that people experienced strong social repulsion activity in the brain during the experiment when they were sleep-deprived and reacted in a way that is akin to feeling like their personal space is being invaded or that they are in a potentially threatening situation.

這項研究的作者發現，當缺乏睡眠時，實驗中人們的頭腦中會出現很強的社交排斥，他們會感覺自己的私人空間遭到了侵犯或受到了潛在的威脅。

In a subsequent experiment, the researchers found that the part of the brain which encourages social interaction was significantly stunted in those who were sleep-deprived.

在隨後的實驗中，研究人員發現，缺乏睡眠的受試者的大腦中鼓勵社交互動的部分受到了極大地阻礙。

In another part of the study, more than 1,000 people were recruited online via Amazon』s Mechanical Turk marketplace to watch clips of the participants talking to one another about commonplace activities.

在這項研究的另一個部分，他們通過亞馬遜「機械土耳其人」網站招募了1千人來觀看參與者與其他人談論日常活動的片段。

They were asked to rate how lonely each of them appeared, unaware that some were sleep deprived.

他們被要求評論每個人的孤獨程度，忽視部分人睡眠不足的事實。

Those who were in a sleep-deprived state ranked as lonelier and less socially desirable by the observers.

觀察者將處於缺乏睡眠狀態的人評為了更加孤獨和更加沒有社交魅力的人。

Researchers then set out to test whether these feelings of loneliness were contagious, and asked the observers to rate their own levels of social isolation after watching the 60-second clips.

研究人員隨後就孤獨是否會傳染進行了測試，在觀察者看完六十秒的片段後，他們要求觀察者評論自身的社會隔離程度。

As predicted, they found that the observers felt more alienated after viewing the videos, despite being otherwise healthy.

不出所料，他們發現，觀察人員在看完這些片段後感覺到更加孤獨，儘管他們本來很健康。

"We humans are a social species. Yet sleep deprivation can turn us into social lepers," says study senior author Matthew Walker, professor of psychology and neuroscience at Berkeley.

「我們人類是社交的動物，雖然缺乏睡眠能讓我們不願接觸他人，」資深研究作者、伯克利心理學和神經系統科學教授馬修.沃爾克說道。

"The less sleep you get, the less you want to socially interact. In turn, other people perceive you as more socially repulsive, further increasing the grave social-isolation impact of sleep loss."

「你睡得越少，你就越不想和別人交流。這樣一來，其他人會認為你有更強的社交排斥，使得缺乏睡眠的社交隔離越發嚴重。」

Walker added that this routine can develop into a 「vicious cycle」 which could create and worsen feelings of loneliness, something that is increasingly affecting both Americans and Brits.

沃爾克補充說，這個過程會發展成「惡性循環」，使得孤獨感更加嚴重，越來越多的美國人和英國人都被孤獨所困擾。

Loneliness has been described as an 「epidemic」 in the UK, with 2.4 million adult British residents suffering from chronic loneliness.

在英國，孤獨感被稱為「流行病」，有240萬英國成年居民經常感覺到孤獨。

In addition to alcohol and drug abuse, loneliness has been linked to eating disorders, depression and premature death.

除了會讓人成為酒鬼和癮君子，孤獨感還會導致進食障礙、抑鬱症和早死。

"Its perhaps no coincidence that the past few decades have seen a marked increase in loneliness and an equally dramatic decrease in sleep duration," says lead author Eti Ben Simon, a postdoctoral fellow at Berkeley.

「在過去的幾十年中，我們目睹了孤獨感的增長和睡眠時長的劇減，這絕對不是一個巧合，」第一作者、加州大學伯克利分校的博士後埃蒂.本.西蒙說道。

"Without sufficient sleep we become a social turn-off, and loneliness soon kicks in."

「在充足的睡眠缺席的情況下，我們更加不喜歡社交，孤獨感馬上就會找上門來。」

According to Walker, one reason why our physical and mental health is so adversely affected by sleep deprivation is because the body is not designed to biologically support the condition as it is for other ailments, such as starvation.

沃爾克表示，我們的身體和心理健康之所以會受到睡眠不足的不利影響，其中的一個原因是因為我們的身體不能適應這一癥狀，就像我們不能適應飢餓等癥狀一樣。

In the study, Walker and his team also found that the adverse effects of sleep-deprivation were true even after just one night of poor sleep and vice versa for experiencing positive symptoms from a night of good sleep.

沃爾克和他的隊友在研究報告中發現，就算是一個晚上沒有睡好，我們也會受到缺乏睡眠的負面影響，所以只要睡了一個好覺，我們就也能感受到睡眠的積極影響。

"This all bodes well if you sleep the necessary seven to nine hours a night, but not so well if you continue to short-change your sleep," Walker added.

「如果你睡足了7到10個鐘頭，一切都會很正常，但是如果你繼續縮短你的睡眠時間，那會非常糟糕。」

"On a positive note, just one night of good sleep makes you feel more outgoing and socially confident, and furthermore, will attract others to you."

「值得高興的是，只要我們晚上睡好了，我們就會感覺到更外向、自信，會吸引更多人的目光。」

source：https://www.independent.co.uk/life-style/health-and-families/sleep-lack-social-life-ruined-university-california-study-a8491161.html