INTJ的榮格八維簡析
以下內容來自一篇我很喜歡的文章，僅作搬運。
INTJ Personality Type
INTJ的人格類型
INTJs』 signature strength is deep perception. They are naturally attuned to 「the big picture」 and cannot help but see how everything is interconnected. Their ability to perceive deep patterns and causal relationships has helped many INTJs achieve eminence in science, mathematics, and other theory-centered occupations.
INTJs的標誌性力量是「深刻的感知」。他們自然調試到「大圖景」模式，能自然而然地看到所有事物之間的聯繫。INTJs深層次的感知模式和因果能力，幫助他們在科學、數學和其他以理論為中心的行業中取得卓越成就。
Although INTJs are classified as Thinking types, their dominant function is Intuition, or more specifically, Introverted Intuition (Ni). In seeing the world through Ni lenses, their typical mode of operation is well described as impressionistic. Rather than noticing or concerning themselves with the details of the world around them, their existence is more cerebral or dreamlike. This can lead them to feel estranged from their physical environs, not to mention their own bodies.
雖然INTJs被歸類為思考型人格，但它們的主要功能卻是「直覺」，或者更具體地說，是［內向直覺(Ni)］。通過Ni功能觀察世界，INTJs的思維模式被描述為「印象派」——與其說是關注周圍世界的細節，不如是是一種理性的或夢境般的存在。這一點可能使得很多INTJs覺得自己與周圍的環境非常疏遠，甚至於和他們自己的身體。
While INTJs may be relatively unaware of how others perceive them, their 「other-worldliness」 often earns them labels such as quirky, awkward, nerdy, or oblivious. Onlookers sense that INTJs seem to 「live in their own world.」 Immersed in their own minds and interests, INTJs can be oblivious to social norms or other practical aspects of life. While incredibly 「book smart,」 they may fall short when it comes to social or 「street smarts.」
儘管INTJs可能不太了解別人對他們的看法，但他們「精神的超脫性」往往會給他們帶來一些標籤，比如「古怪的」、「尷尬的」、「書獃子」或「健忘的」。旁觀者總覺得INTJs似乎「生活在自己的世界裡」，INTJs通常會忽略社會規範或生活的其他實際方面，當他們專註於自己的思想和興趣時。然而即使他們擁有難以置信的「book smart」，但當涉及到社會或「street smart」時，他們也有可能會失敗。
At some point in their lives, INTJs start to take notice of how characteristically different they are from their peers. They may even joke about their own nerdy or esoteric interests. Fortunately, they can usually find a few friends with overlapping interests, even joke about their own nerdy or esoteric interests. Fortunately, they can usually find a few friends with overlapping interests, even if those friendships are maintained through what others might consider non-social activities, such as playing video games over the internet.
從某個階段起，INTJs會開始注意到他們與同齡人之間的不同之處。他們甚至能拿自己的「書獃子氣」或「艱深晦澀」來開玩笑。幸運的是，INTJs通常可以找到一些有相似興趣的朋友，即使這些友誼是通過一些「其他人看來——非社會性的活動」來維持的，比如在互聯網上玩遊戲。
Further complicating INTJs』 social life is their use of Extraverted Thinking (Te). The majority of males, at least in the United States, are TP types, all of who use Extraverted Feeling (Fe) rather than Te. This gives TPs (including INTPs) a leg up when it comes to casually connecting with others in social situations. TPs often enjoy social situations (at least for a stint), which grant them opportunities to showcase or sharpen their social chops. By contrast, INTJs, along with other Te types, often loathe unfamiliar social situations. They find it painfully difficult to 「rub elbows」 or engage in any measure of 「small talk」 with strangers. This further intensifies their sense of being 「different」 from their peers.
使INTJs的社交生活更複雜化的是他們對［外向思考(Te)］功能的使用。大多數男性，至少在美國，都是TP型，他們都使用［外向情感(Fe)］而不是Te功能。這使得TPs(包括INTPs)在社交場合與人交流時，通常會有優勢。TPs往往喜歡社交場合(至少在一段時間內)，這讓他們有機會展示或提高他們的社交能力。而相比之下，INTJs就和其他Te類型的人一樣，非常討厭不熟悉的社交場合。他們發現自己很難與陌生人交際，這進一步強化了他們與同齡人「不同」的感覺。
INTJs also have a reputation for being 「walking encyclopedias.」 They are sponges for all sorts of information, be it historical, scientific, technical, or otherwise. I』ve met many INTJs who seem to have 「photographic memories,」 able to recall nearly anything they』ve been exposed to. One of my INTJ friends, for instance, readily recites lines from movies he』s only seen once.
INTJs也以「行走的百科全書」而聞名。它們是各種信息的海綿，無論是歷史的、科學的、技術的，還是其他的。我曾經遇到過許多似乎有著「過目不忘能力」的INTJs，他們幾乎能回憶起他們接觸過的任何東西。我一個INTJ朋友，就能很容易地背誦他只看過一次的電影。
In recognizing their powers of insight (Ni), not to mention their vast stores of factual knowledge (Te), INTJs are naturally inclined to share what they know with others. In addition to activities such as gaming, dispensing ideas or information is one of the easiest ways for INTJs to engage with others. They enjoy opportunities to utilize their typological strengths and enlighten others. Unfortunately, this can sometimes result in INTJs being misconstrued as arrogant 「know-it-alls.」
由於他們在洞察力(Ni)方面具有強大的能力，同時又獲取了大量的現實知識(Te)，INTJs傾向於與他人分享他們的所學所知。除了「遊戲」這類活動之外，「分享想法和信息」就成了INTJs與他人接觸最簡單的方式之一。他們喜歡使用自己的類型優勢去啟發他人，但不幸的是，這有時會導致INTJs被誤解為傲慢的——「自以為無所不知的」。
Despite their introverted status, INTJs can be surprisingly talkative. Like INFJs, they can talk at great length (and depth) on topics that interest them. This is one reason INTJs often enjoy the role of lecturer or professor. And while they are rarely the most dynamic or energetic of orators, INTJs are typically decent story-tellers and good for occasional injections of droll humor or cultural references. This can help humanize them in the eyes of their audience, even if their overall delivery remains a bit dry or mechanical.
儘管他們是內向型人格，但他們卻很健談。像INFJs一樣，他們可以對感興趣的話題進行詳細的討論，這也是INTJs通常喜歡擔任講師或教授的原因之一。雖然他們很少能成為最有活力的演說家，但是他們是會講故事的人，偶爾還會有一些古怪的幽默感和文化方面的參考，這幫助他們在聽眾的眼裡稍微人性化一些，但整體上仍然是有些枯燥或呆板的。
Because INTJs extravert their Thinking judgments (i.e., Te), others commonly (and often wrongly) assume them to be characteristically serious individuals. This misses the fact that they are dominant Perceivers (i.e., their dominant Ni function is a Perceiving function), which makes them far more inwardly easygoing, even playful, than most people realize. I』ve known some INTJs who begin every day with comedy, such as catching up on the latest 「9gag」 website postings. This is one reason type theory is so important: it keys us into inner (I)– outer (E) type differences that might otherwise be overlooked.
由於INTJs外向化了他們的思考功能(Te)，別人（經常會錯誤地）認為他們是很嚴肅的人。這忽略了一個事實，即他們的主導Ni功能是一種感知功能，這使得他們其實比大多數人以為的要更好相處、更有趣。這也是「人格理論」如此重要的原因之一：它將一些內向(I)－外向(E)人格之間可能被忽略的差異呈現了出來。
Another consequence of INTJs』 Perceiving dominance is their tendency to be passive or phlegmatic. More proactive types, such as ENTJs, might even consider them a bit lazy or apathetic. But calling INTJs lazy is to miss the point of what it means to be a Perceiver. Namely, since INTJs』 first and foremost job is to Perceive rather than Judge or act, functioning in a passive mode of perception is actually their most authentic mode of operating. Indeed, the reason that INTJs』 theories and insights are often superior is because they do not force things. They patiently allow their Ni intuition to collect and synthesize all the pertinent information before they draw conclusions. Again, others may be blinded to this reality if they focus exclusively on INTJs』 external presentation.
INTJs主導功能為感知功能(Ni)的另一個後果是他們傾向於「被動」或「冷淡」。更主動的類型，比如ENTJs，就可能會認為他們有點「懶」或者「冷漠」。但是，認為INTJs是懶惰的人，其實也是忽略了INTJs感知功能的真正意義。也就是說，因為INTJs的首要任務是「感知」而不是「判斷」或「行動」，因此在被動的「知覺模式」下運作實際上是他們最真實的操作方式。事實上，INTJs的理論和見解通常都是卓越的，原因也在於他們並不強迫事物。他們耐心地允許他們的Ni直覺在他們得出結論之前收集和整合所有的相關信息。如果人們只看到了INTJs的外部表現，就可能會對這個「內因」視而不見。
INTJs』 Functional Stack & Personality Type Development
INTJ的功能類型和人格發展
Each personality type prefers to use four of the eight functions first described by Jung. These four functions comprise a type』s 「functional stack.」 The relative strength of preference for these four functions is expressed in the following manner: dominant, auxiliary, tertiary, and inferior. INTJs』 first preference is Ni, followed by Te, Fi and Se respectively. This is depicted in the arrangement of their functional stack:
每個人格類型都傾向於使用榮格八個功能中的四個。這四個功能組成了一種人格型的「功能類型」。這四種功能的相對強度以下列方式排序：主導、輔助、第三和第四。INTJs的主導功能是Ni，其次是Te、Fi和Se。
INTJs』 Functional Stack
INTJ的功能類型
Dominant: Introverted Intuition (Ni)
Auxiliary: Extraverted Thinking (Te)
Tertiary: Introverted Feeling (Fi)
Inferior: Extraverted Sensing (Se)
While we will soon discuss each of these functions in greater depth, for now, we will turn our attention to another feature of INTJs』 personality—their type development. As is true for all the personality types, INTJs』 type development consists of three general phases. These phases roughly correspond to the ordering of the functional stack, with Ni being the first function to blossom, Te the second, on so on. But as we will see, the inferior function is sort of a special case, summoning INTJs』 attention at an earlier phase than might otherwise be expected.
Phase I (Childhood)——階段一：孩童期
Early in life, Introverted Intuition (Ni) emerges as INTJs』 dominant function. The degree to which the dominant function needs to be worked on or developed is not entirely clear. If one can argue, for instance, that great athletes are born not made, might the same not be true for a type』s dominant function?
在早期生活中，［內向直覺(Ni)］作為INTJs的主導功能出現。主導功能需要開發的程度並不完全清楚。舉個例子，如果可以說，偉大的運動員從來都是天生的，而不是後天培養的，那麼對於一種人格的主導功能來說，是不是也是一樣呢?
Regardless, INTJs』 amass a great deal of information for their Ni to chew on throughout their childhood. The longer they live and the more they see, the more their worldview crystallizes and the more confident they feel in their understanding of things. Even young INTJs are keen to understand what is happening around them. This is what Ni does. It looks beyond appearances to discern the root causes and structures of things.
無論如何，INTJs在他們的童年時代都有大量的信息供他們咀嚼。他們生活的時間越長，他們看到的越多，他們的世界觀就越清晰，他們對事物的理解就越有信心。即使是很小的INTJs 都非常渴望了解周圍發生的事情，這就是Ni功能所主導的。從表面看，我們無法識別這種模式的根本原因和結構。
But as we』ve seen, INTJs aren』t always all that serious-minded. Many spend their childhood playing video games, watching movies, learning an instrument, or surfing the web. They acquire much of their knowledge through happenstance, without much in the way of conscious effort.
但正如我們所看到的，INTJs並不總是那麼嚴肅。許多人把童年時光花在玩電子遊戲、看電影、學習樂器或上網上面。他們通過偶發事件獲得大量的知識，沒有太多有意識的努力。
Phase II (Adolescence-30s)——階段二：青少年－30s
In Phase II, their inferior function, Extraverted Sensing (Se), begins to assert itself and to play a more prominent role in INTJs』 psychic drama. The inferior』s undue influence can be seen as stemming from its bipolar relationship with the dominant function. Namely, in order to ensure psychological diversity or balance, INTJs feel compelled to experience something characteristically distinct from the dominant function. The inferior function is often experienced as magical, mysterious, and exciting, even blissful. Some have described it as 「a whole new world.」 It can thereby serve as a powerful source of energy and motivation. This is why all types, especially those in Phase II, display a strong appetite for, and curiosity toward, their inferior function.
在第二階段，他們的第四功能［外向感覺(Se)］開始出現，並逐漸扮演起更重要的角色。第四功能帶來的影響是源於它與主導功能的衝突關係。也就是說，為了確保心理上的多樣性或平衡感，INTJs覺得有必要去體驗與主導功能截然不同的東西。第四功能常被體驗為神奇的、神秘的、令人興奮的，甚至是幸福的。一些人把它描述為「一個全新的世界」，它可以作為能量和動力的強大來源。這就是為什麼所有人格型，在第二階段，都會表現出強烈的慾望和好奇心，這就是他們的第四功能在發揮作用。
As will be enumerated in our forthcoming section on Se, the emergence of Se may take the form of INTJs』 showing greater interest in novel aesthetic or sensory (S) experiences. While INTJ children are often leery of new experiences, as time goes on, they may gradually open themselves to S novelties. Although INTJs tend not to be as 「experimental」 in their approach to life as NPs, many come to welcome new S experiences as an invigorating alternative to their typical state of NT cerebralism.
正如我們即將在Se部分中所說的那樣，Se的出現可能會讓INTJs對新奇的美學和感官體驗產生更大的興趣。雖然INTJ兒童經常會對新的經歷感到厭倦，但隨著時間的推移，他們可能會逐漸開放自己去迎接新的事物。儘管INTJs在他們的生活方式中並沒有像NPs那樣具有「實驗性」，但很多人還是歡迎「新的體驗」來作為他們長期「NT統治下」的某種替代。
Because of its deep allure and sense of novelty, the inferior can lead INTJs, to make questionable career or relationship decisions in Phase II. It may, for instance, cause them to pair with incompatible types under the spell of the 「opposites attract」(i.e., inferior function attraction) phenomenon. Therefore, Phase II INTJs can typically benefit from a reality check, remembering that their 「core self」 is ultimately founded on their Ni, not Se.
由於它強烈的吸引力和新奇感，第四功能可能導致INTJs在第二階段做出「存疑的」職業或關係決定。例如，它可能使他們在「反向相吸」(低功能吸引現象)的符咒下與「並不相容」的類型進行配對。因此，第二階段的INTJs通常是可以從「現實經驗」中受益的，只要他們記住自己的「核心自我」最終建立在Ni功能，而不是Se功能上。
The siren call of the inferior function can be effectively counterbalanced by regular use and development of the auxiliary function. For INTJs, this means bringing a greater measure of Te to the proverbial table. Te helps INTJs rationally explicate their intuitions, whether in math, science, consulting, or related fields. Regular employment of Te also encourages INTJs to move out of Perceiving mode and into Judging, promoting a more diverse and balanced personality.
通過對輔助功能(Te)的正常使用和發展，可以有效地抵消第四功能的誘惑。對於INTJs來說，這意味著將更大的度量標準(Te)引入到曾經習以為常的量表中。Te幫助INTJs理性地解釋他們的直覺，無論是在數學，科學，諮詢，還是相關領域。定期地使用Te也會幫助INTJs走出感知模式、進入判斷模式，提升多樣化和平衡性。
Phase III (30s, 40s,& Beyond)——階段三：30s、40s、及以後
Phase III INTJs wise up to the tricks and temptations of the inferior function, discovering more sustainable ways of integrating their functions. Rather than leapfrogging between the dominant and inferior functions (e.g., the bipolar behavior characteristic of Phase II), they learn to stay grounded in their Ni as they explore, develop, and integrate their less conscious functions.
第三階段是進一步發展第四功能，尋找可持續的方法來整合這些功能。在這一階段，與其說是跨越主導功能和第四功能之間的鴻溝（像第二階段所呈現那種雙極狀態行為模式），不如說是他們逐漸學會了在探索、開發和整合他們無意識的功能(Se)時，讓Ni功能更腳踏實地。
INTJs in Phase III also become skilled in achieving what psychologist Mihalyi Csikszentmihaly has dubbed the 「flow state.」 Flow states are characterized by deep absorption in an activity, an optimal balance of challenge and stimulation, and a sense of progress toward a meaningful goal. In a state of flow, INTJs forget about themselves and their concerns,「becoming one with」 the activity. Flow states are most likely to emerge when INTJs perform activities that engage their dominant and auxiliary functions. For more on this, see my eBook, The 16 Personality Types.
在第三階段中，INTJs也精通於心理學家Mihalyi Csikszentmihaly所稱的「動態」。「動態」的特徵是在一個活動中深度吸收，在挑戰和刺激中找到最佳平衡點，並朝著有意義的目標前進的感覺。在一個「動態」中，INTJs忘記了自己和他們的關注點，成為了「動態」的一部分。當INTJs執行其主導和輔助功能時，最可能出現「動態」。
INTJs』 Dominant Function: Introverted Intuition (Ni)
INTJ的主導功能：內向直覺Ni
As we saw earlier, in order to best understand INTJs, we must recognize the full implications of their dominant function, Ni, being a Perceiving function. While INTJs can certainly function as rational thinkers via their auxiliary Te, their first preference is to process matters in less rational ways a la Ni.
為了更好地理解INTJs，我們必須認識其主導功能Ni——作為一個感知功能的全部含義。儘管INTJs可以被看作一個理性的思考者（通過他們的輔助功能Te），但他們的第一偏好(Ni)卻並不是用那麼理性的方式來處理問題的。
In its popular connotation, intuition is understood as an unconscious way of knowing, or what writer Malcolm Gladwell has cleverly described as 「thinking without thinking.」 It is therefore interesting to consider that, for dominant Intuitives such as INTJs, intuition is understood to be their most conscious function. While it is true that intuition is more conscious for INTJs than it is for other types, we must remember that Ni is a Perceiving function. So although INTJs may have readier access to its workings and products, there is still a sense in which they don』t really control it. Intuitive insight often seems to emerge ex nihilo, as a welcomed but unexpected gift from the muses.
在通俗理解中，「直覺」被解釋為一種「無意識」的認知方式，或者像作家Malcolm Gladwell描述的那樣：「沒有思考的思考」。然而，有趣的是，對於INTJs這樣的強直覺型人格來說，「直覺」卻已經是他們最有意識的功能。但同時也必須記住，即使「直覺」對INTJs 來說，已經比對其他人格型來說更具有意識，但Ni始終是一種感知功能，因此，哪怕INTJs可以更方便地使用Ni去工作，但它仍然是一種「感覺」，INTJs並沒有真正地控制它。「直覺」的洞察力似乎永遠是憑空而來的，是一個出乎意料又頗受歡迎的禮物。
With that said, INTJs do possess some measure of control over the types of problems they want their Ni to solve, not to mention the raw material they feed into it. The more they immerse themselves in a certain problem or subject matter, the more their insight will deepen. So it』s not that INTJs can be totally hands-off and allow Ni to do all the heavy lifting for them. Healthy INTJs find the right balance between allowing their Ni to do its thing and consciously participating with the process.
說到這一點，當INTJs在使用他們的Ni去解決問題時，的確擁有著他們對這些問題的控制感，更不用說他們在其中所提供的原料了。他們越沉浸於某個問題或主題時，他們的洞察力就會越深。但這也並不是說INTJs可以完全放手，讓Ni去為他們做所有艱巨的任務。健康的INTJs會在「允許他們的Ni做事情」和「有意識地參與這個過程」中找到某種正確的平衡。
Because of its prescience and depth of insight, Ni may at times seem to border on magical or supernatural. While not discounting it impressiveness, the Ni process can, at least to some extent, be rationally explicated. Namely, INTJs』 inferior function, Extraverted Sensing (Se), unconsciously collects vast quantities of sensory information from the outside world. This data is then kindly forwarded to Ni, which tries to make sense of it, like assembling the pieces of a puzzle. Eventually, an impression is formed that reveals the deeper reality or N pattern behind the data.
由於它的先見之明和深邃的洞察力， Ni有時似乎在魔法或超自然的邊緣。然而並不是想削減這種魔力，但至少在某種程度上，Ni功能的確是一個可以理性解釋的過程——INTJs的第四功能外向感覺(Se)無意識地從外部世界收集大量的感官信息，然後這些數據傳送給Ni功能，Ni功能會像組裝拼圖的碎片一樣去理解這些信息，最終形成一種整體的印象，揭示這些數據背後的深層現實或宏觀模式。
It is often said that human beings rely more heavily on vision than their other senses. This seems particularly true of INJ types, who often associate a strong visual element with their Ni. Many report thinking by way of images more than words. Their intuitions may take the form of symbols, images, dreams, or patterns. This is consistent with Jung』s characterization of the Ni type as the dreamer or seer. There is a distinct visual character to these notions, which is why vision-related terms—foresight, insight, seer, visionary, etc.—are commonly ascribed to INJs.
人們常說，人類比其他感官更依賴視覺。對於INJ類型來說，這一點尤其正確，他們經常將一個強大的視覺元素與他們的Ni功能聯繫在一起，他們的許多思考都是通過圖片而不是文字來進行，他們的「直覺」可能以符號、圖像、夢或模式的形式出現。這也正是為什麼Jung會將Ni功能描述為「夢想家功能」或「預言家功能」。這些概念都具有明顯的視覺特徵，這也是為什麼與視覺有關的一些術語——foresight、insight、seer、visionary等——通常都被用來描述INJ的原因。
Visual processing may prove advantageous for solving problems that seem resistant to rational solutions. This is because visual processing isn』t bound by the same rules or limitations as verbal or logical processing. Indeed, Ni』s unique approach to problem-solving may explain why INTJs often make such formidable analysts and theorists.
「視覺特徵」對於解決一些衝突性的問題是有利的。這是因為視覺處理不受那些語言或邏輯處理的規則或限制約束。的確，Ni獨特的解決問題的方法可能解釋了為什麼INTJs常常會成為強大的分析家和理論家。
INTJs』 Auxiliary Function: Extraverted Thinking (Te)
INTJ的輔助功能：外向思考Te
While Ni is a holistic and synthesizing function, INTJs』 auxiliary function, Te, hails squarely from the left side of the brain. The left hemisphere is characteristically logical, abstract, analytical, and systematic. It breaks things down into their constituent parts, names those parts, explicates their functions, and determines their relationships to other parts.
Ni是一個整理合成性的功能，而INTJs的輔助功能Te卻直接來自於大腦的左側。左半球是典型的邏輯、抽象、分析和系統性部門，它將事物分解為組成部分，它命名這些部分，解釋其功能，並定義這些部分之間的關係。
A Te-based approach also emphasizes quantification, as well as the establishment of measurable goals and standards. Never vague or ambiguous, it employs clear definitions, policies, plans, and procedures. It carefully spells out how to get from here to there, using as many maps, directions, and labels as necessary. The ultimate goal of Te is to render things logically intelligible, making them more amenable to human manipulation, prediction, and control.
Te功能的運作模式強調量化、建立可度量的目標和標準。它從不含糊不清，總是清晰明確地定義、策劃、計劃和執行。它仔細地說明如何從這裡到那裡，儘可能多地使用地圖、方向和標籤。Te的最終目標是使事物具有邏輯上的可解性，使它們更易於操縱、預測和控制。
Ni is neither characteristically rational nor highly systematic. Only the Judging functions, most notably Te, operate in such a fashion. And because Ni comes first in INTJs』 functional stack, Te is ultimately more of a servant than a master. It is primarily used to analyze or flesh out Ni』s intuitions. Once an intuition has formed, Te takes the reins and works to give it rational form, sort of like decompressing a computer file. Te』s ability to translate intuitions into words, diagrams, or formulae is important because it helps others better comprehend INTJs』 insights.
Ni功能既不是完全理性的，也不是高度系統化的。只有判斷功能，尤其是Te功能是以這種方式運作的。然而，由於Ni是在INTJs的功能類型中最先出現的，所以Te最終更像是一個僕人而不是一個主人。它主要用於分析或充實Ni的直覺。一旦形成了一種直覺，Te就會拉起韁繩，給它以理性的形式，就像解壓計算機文件一樣。Te能夠把直覺翻譯成單詞、圖表或公式，能夠幫助別人更好地來理解INTJ的洞察力。
In explicating their intuitions, Te is highly systematic and methodical, even perfectionistic. INTJs pay close attention to the way things are ordered, ensuring that their work follows the appropriate linear or logical sequencing. They may also work to incorporate relevant Te facts, data, and other objective considerations.
在解釋他們的直覺時，Te是系統的，有條理的，甚至是完美主義的。INTJs密切關注事物的排序方式，確保它們的工作遵循適當的線性或邏輯順序。他們也可能會把相關的事實、數據和其他客觀考慮因素結合起來。
With that said, INTJs always keep at least one eye on the bigger picture, ensuring that they are staying true to their foundational intuition. This is one way INTJs differ from SJ types, who often miss the bigger picture or end up getting lost in the particulars. Not only are INTJs blessed with the ability to isolate and analyze specifics, but they simultaneously maintain a clear vision of the whole system, including its hierarchical structure and the interrelationships of its component parts.
說到這一點，INTJs在觀察事物時至少都會稍微關注到宏觀的圖景，以確保它們忠實於自己的基本直覺。這也是INTJs與SJ類型的不同之處，後者經常忽視了宏觀圖景，最終迷失在細節中。而INTJs不僅具有分離細節和分析細節的能力，他們同時還維護著整個系統的清晰遠景，包括它的層次結構、組件的相互關係。
The fact that INTJs lead with Ni rather than Te also casts doubt on perceptions of INTJs being excessively stubborn or closed-minded. Such perceptions are typically rooted in observations of INTJs』 extraversion of Thinking. But because Te closure is not their typical or preferred state of being, we should be careful not to confuse their outer presentation (Te) with their inner reality (Ni). INTJs are far more open inwardly than they may seem outwardly.
儘管INTJs的核心功能是Ni而不是Te，但這依舊讓人們質疑INTJs是否過於固執或封閉。這種認知通常來源於人們對INTJs外向思考Te功能的感受。但由於Te的閉環其實並不是他們的典型或首選狀態，我們應該注意不要將他們的外部表現(Te)與內在真實(Ni)混淆了。內心深處，INTJs遠比表面看上去更加開放。
Another feature of Te, which we touched on earlier, is its social presentation. Unlike Fe, Te is not concerned with procuring social harmony or group morale. It is characteristically impersonal—focused on facts, objects, and systems rather than feelings. The inability of others to approach things impersonally or objectively is a common point of frustration for INTJs. They may feel incredulous toward others』 repeated failure to see, and/or appropriately respond to, objective truth. INTJs often feel that, regardless of how sound their arguments or the amount of evidence they present, some people simply won』t budge. Even more frustrating is when they see those same people responding to F influences. When this happens repeatedly, INTJs may become dismayed or nihilistic, concerned that humanity will forever remain blind to the truth.
Te的另一個特點，我們之前提到過，是它的社會性展示功能。與Fe不同，Te並不關心獲得社會和諧或團體士氣。它是典型不帶情感色彩的功能——專註於事實、對象和系統而不是情感。「別人無法客觀或理性地對待事情」通常是INTJs的沮喪來源。他們可能會對別人的反覆失敗感到懷疑，才會對客觀結果作出一些適當的讓步。INTJs常常會覺得，無論他們拿出多少論據或證據，有些人就是不會讓步，而更讓他們沮喪的是，同樣的這些人卻會對F的影響作出反應。當這種情況反覆發生時，INTJs可能會變得沮喪或虛無主義，會擔心人類將永遠對真相視而不見。
One can see this playing out in the political careers of INTJs Hillary Clinton and Al Gore. Both are among the most intelligent of politicians, possessing a solid understanding of national and global dynamics. But both are/were plagued by a lack of charisma and likeability (i.e., a lack of Fe), making it difficult them to inspire or connect with others on an emotional level.
人們可以看到，希拉里·柯林頓和阿爾·戈爾的政治生涯都是如此。他們都是最聰明的政治家，對國家和全球的動態有著堅實的理解。但兩者都有缺乏魅力和親和力的困擾（缺乏Fe功能），這使得他們很難在情感上激發他人或者與他人有一種情感層面的溝通。
INTJs』 Tertiary Function: Introverted Feeling (Fi)
INTJ的第三功能：內向情感Fi
Despite their preference for Te over Fi, it would be a mistake to assume that INTJs are emotionless robots. The real difficulty for INTJs is that, regardless of how strong their emotions or convictions may be, this often gets lost in translation. We know that INTJs』 feelings don』t readily translate because their preferred Feeling function (Fi) is introverted in its direction. Instead of extraverting Feeling, they extravert Thinking (Te). This precludes others from readily accessing their emotional state. Instead of seeing variations of expression or intonation (Fe), one encounters a relatively flat, monochromatic presentation (Te).
With respect to other people, Fi is associated with intensive emotional investments in a limited number of individuals. Instead of distributing its emotional energies broadly in the way of Fe, Fi is more focused and discriminating. This is why INTJs typically show little interest in social networking. Instead, they typically invest themselves emotionally in their families, along with one or two close friends. They tend to be loyal and committed partners, as well as unswervingly devoted to the well-being of their children. While they may be skeptical toward a great many things, the value of family and friendship is typically not one of them.
在與他人的關係上，(Fi)功能偏好於「與有限數量的人進行集中的情感投資」。與其把情感能量廣泛地分布在很多人身上（像Fe的方式上那樣），(Fi)更有針對性，更有偏愛性。這就是為什麼INTJs通常對社交網路沒什麼興趣。相反，他們通常會把自己的情感投入到家庭中，以及一兩個親密的朋友上。他們往往是忠誠的，是忠誠的伴侶，並且毫不動搖地致力於孩子們的幸福。雖然他們通常對很多事都持懷疑論（不可知論），但家庭和友誼的價值卻通常不在他們的懷疑之中。
Career-wise, Fi may inspire INTJs to work toward social change and reform, be it in business, politics, economics, education, or otherwise. Fi is highly sensitive to injustices, especially those affecting individuals perceived to be incapable of helping or defending themselves (e.g., children, the elderly, the poor, etc.). Hence, INTJs』 Fi often teams up with Ni to foresee paths to a more just and equitable world. Te may also play a role in the process, such as developing strategic or logistical plans for reforming broken systems. This combination of Ni, Te, and Fi explains why INTJs often score high on the Enneagram』s type One, often called 「The Reformer.」
在職業生涯中，(Fi)可能會激發起INTJs對「社會變革」和「改革」的興趣，無論是在商業、政治、經濟、教育，還是其他行業。(Fi)對「不公正」非常敏感，特別是對那些被認為並不能自立或保護自己的個人（孩子，老人，窮人等）。因此，INTJs的Fi功能通常會與Ni功能合作，預見出一種通往「更公正、更公平世界」的道路。Te也可能在這個過程中發揮作用，例如為改革系統制定某些戰略或實施計劃。這種Ni、Te和Fi的組合也就解釋了為什麼INTJs通常在九型人格的第一型上得分很高，被稱為「改革家（改良家）」。
With that said, I』ve observed a fair amount of variability among INTJs with respect to the prominence of Fi in their personality. I know one INTJ, for instance, who had a rather difficult upbringing and has spent most of his adult life trying to understand and remediate his childhood wounds. This led him to develop interests in both normal and abnormal psychology. I』ve also known INTJs who show little more than a passing interest in psychology. It may be that differences in childhood experiences affect the degree to which INTJs focus on Fi matters, including their own emotional landscape. The interaction of nature and nurture may also affect the degree of INTJs』 emotional stability. Some INTJs are emotional labile and constantly turning to others for support. Other INTJs are characteristically more steady and independent in handling their emotions.
說到這一點，我觀察到INTJs內部，對於他們(Fi)功能的關注度有著巨大的差異性。例如，我認識一個INTJ，有著非常艱難的成長經歷，成年以後他大部分人生都花在了努力理解和修復自己的童年創傷上，這使得他對普通心理學和變態心理學產生了興趣，我也認識另外一些對心理學有興趣的INTJ。可能是童年經歷的差異導致了INTJs對(Fi)功能關注程度的差異，包括對他們自己情感狀況關注程度的差異。先天和後天的相互作用也同樣會影響INTJs的情緒穩定性。有些INTJs是情緒不穩定的，他們需要不斷地向別人尋求支持，而另一些INTJs卻在處理自己的情緒時表現得更穩定、更獨立。
The last thing I』ll mention about INTJs』 Fi is its contribution to their interest in self-knowledge, including their desire to understand what makes them unique and different. For quite some time, I was perplexed as to why so many INTJs took interest in personality typology. I hypothesized that in most cases it was probably career-related, such as trying to match their personality to a particular career field. I later realized that their reasons often ran deeper than that. Namely, similar to what we see in FP types, INTJs』 Fi compels them to understand who they are as unique individuals.
關於INTJs的(Fi)功能，要說的最後一件事是，Fi使得INTJs有著「自我認知」的濃厚興趣，包括他們想了解究竟是什麼使得他們與眾不同的。在相當長的一段時間裡，我都困惑於為什麼這麼多的INTJs對人格類型非常感興趣。我曾經猜想，是不是大多數情況下都與職業發展有關，比如他們想將自己的個性與特定的職業領域相匹配。但後來我意識到，他們的理由往往比這更深刻。也就是說，與我們在FP類型中所看到的相似，INTJs的Fi功能使得他們想要努力弄明白他們是誰，作為一個獨一無二的存在，他們到底是誰。
INTJs』 Inferior Function: Extraverted Sensing (Se)
INTJ的第四功能：外向感覺Se
The importance of the inferior function has long been grossly underestimated in the type community. Sometimes called the lost, missing, or repressed function, it is the most unconscious of the four functions. It is also the most difficult to access, understand, and integrate. Despite its relative elusiveness, we should be careful not to dismiss it as irrelevant or unimportant, as has too often been done. The truth is that a proper understanding of the inferior function is indispensable in the human quest for wholeness and integration.
在功能類型中，第四功能的重要性一直被嚴重低估。它有時被稱為丟失的、遺失的或被壓抑的功能，它是四個功能中最被忽略的功能，也是最難進入、理解和整合的功能。然而，儘管它有著一定的逃避性，但我們應該注意不要把它當作無關緊要的或不重要的東西，就像我們通常做的那樣。事實是，對第四功能的正確認識對於人類實現整體性具有至關重要的意義。
As is the case with other types, INTJs display a 「love-hate」 relationship with their inferior function, Extraverted Sensing (Se). This is especially true for those in Phase II of type development. Fortunately, the challenges associated with the inferior can be largely offset by understanding its essential nature, as well as potential ways of integrating it.
就和其他人格型一樣，INTJs與他們的第四功能(Se)同樣有一種「愛恨交加」的關係。這對於處在人格發展第二階段的INTJs來說尤其如此。幸運的是，通過理解第四功能的本質和整合它們的方法可以應對這些方面的挑戰。
Generally speaking, having Se as their inferior function makes INTJs less attuned to the details or concrete elements of life. While Se takes in plenty of sensory data from the outside world, what INTJs typically experience is an Ni synthesis of that information. So instead of registering particular environmental details (Se), they see the world through the lens of Ni impressions. They can therefore seem rather oblivious to the details of their surroundings.
一般來說，Se作為第四功能的INTJs對生活細節和具體要素的感受都不那麼敏感。雖然Se為INTJs從外部世界獲取了大量的感官數據，但真正整合信息的功能是Ni。因此，INTJs更多地是通過Ni來觀察世界，而不是通過具體的環境細節(Se)，也因此，INTJs通常會對環境細節視而不見。
This is not to say, however, that INTJs are unaffected by, or insensitive to, their physical environment. Although they may be consciously oblivious to their surroundings, they are still absorbing and subconsciously registering a breadth of environmental stimuli. Similar to INFJs, their nervous systems are often highly permeable and sensitive to the environment. This is why they commonly know things without realizing how they came to know them. They passively absorb information apart from conscious effort. This permeability can also make them susceptible to overstimulation in noisy or chaotic circumstances.
然而，這並不是說，INTJs絲毫不受外在物理環境的影響，儘管他們也許會有意識地忽略周圍的環境，但他們仍在潛意識地吸收和記錄著大量外部環境的刺激，與INFJs相似的是，INTJs的神經系統也通常對環境具有高度的滲透性和敏感性。這就是為什麼他們通常是在毫無意識的情況下去認識事物的——他們被動地吸收信息，而不是通過有意識的努力。這種滲透性會使得他們容易在嘈雜或混亂的環境中受到過度刺激。
Because of their conscious disconnect from the world around them, many INTJs report feeling like aliens or strangers in the world, even estranged from their own bodies. This can make them leery of unfamiliar S experiences, such as trying new foods, drugs, or physical activities. Doing so can seem too risky or unpredictable, since the S world seems largely outside of INTJs』 sphere of control.
由於他們有意識地與周圍的世界隔絕，許多INTJs會覺得他們像是這個世界的外星人或陌生人，甚至與自己的身體也感覺很疏遠。這讓他們並不喜歡去嘗試那些陌生的S的經歷，比如嘗試新的食物、藥物或者身體活動。做這些事情的風險似乎太大並且難以預料，因為S的世界似乎很大程度上是超出INTJs的控制範圍的。
In time, however, INTJs may gradually become more open to and interested in S novelties. Those intrigued by their inferior Se may display a surprising thirst for sensory novelty, material comforts, or physical thrills. They may drive expensive cars, purchase luxurious homes, or opt for high-end accommodations when travelling. Some even become connoisseurs of fine food, wine, or art.
然而，隨著時間的推移，INTJs可能會逐漸變得開放，對S世界的新奇感產生興趣。在第四功能Se的激發下，他們可能會變得對感官獵奇、物質享受、或身體刺激產生驚人的渴望。他們可能駕駛昂貴的汽車，購買豪宅，或者在旅行時選擇高端的住所。一些人甚至成為美食、葡萄酒或藝術鑒賞家。
This points to the love-hate relationship INTJs often have with their inferior function. Depending on time and circumstances, Se matters may be viewed as a source of great pleasure and intrigue, or one of fear, stress, and frustration.
這些都充分地說明了INTJs與他們第四功能之間愛恨交加的關係，在不同的時間和環境下，Se功能既可能成為快樂和好奇心的源泉，也可能成為恐懼、壓力和挫折的來源。
Perfectionism——完美主義者
Both INTJs and INFJs are notorious for their predilection for perfectionism. Fortunately, this propensity is well-explained by type theory. Namely, INJs can be understood as striving to integrate their dominant Ni with their inferior Se, to see their N ideals perfectly materialized in S reality.
INTJs和INFJs都因為他們的完美主義而臭名昭著。幸運的是，這種傾向在人格學說中被很好的解釋了。也就是說，INTJs的完美主義可以理解為是他們為了努力地將他們的主要功能Ni和第四功能Se結合起來，使他們N的理想得以在S的現實中完美地實現。
Parenthetically, while it is true that ENPs also have a dominant N (i.e., Ne) and inferior S (i.e., Si) function, Ne tends not to get attached to a single vision in the way that Ni does. Where Ne is open to multiple interpretations or possibilities, Ni sees only one. So although some ENPs can be perfectionists (Steve Jobs is a good example), perfectionism is a more consistent and signature tendency of INJs.
順便說一下，ENPs也有一個N的主導功能(Ne)和一個S的第四功能(Si)，但Ne功能並不像Ni那樣只有單一的視角，當Ne對多種多樣的解釋和可能性都敞開懷抱時，Ni卻只聚焦於其中的一個。因此，儘管有一些ENPs也可能是完美主義者（例如史蒂夫·喬布斯），但「完美主義」通常還是在INJs身上更具有一致性和顯著性。
One of INTJ my friends, for instance, spent well over a month working to resolve a problem with the rendering of bullet points in his business』s email newsletters. Despite the fact that the problem would only be noticeable to about 10% of his email clientele, not to mention that it was considered intractable by many email experts, he continued to relentlessly pursue a solution. Ultimately, after many weeks of work and frustration, he managed to find his own workaround.
例如，我的一個INTJ朋友，他花了超過一個月的時間來解決某一個問題——在商業電郵通訊錄中標註要點。儘管他的電子郵件客戶中只會有10%的人注意這個問題，更別說這是一個對很多電郵專家來說都棘手的問題，但他始終堅持不懈地尋求解決方案。最終，經過數周的努力和挫敗，他終於找到了解決的辦法。
As suggested by this example, perfectionism, thoroughness, and perseverance (or what some might call obsessiveness or compulsiveness) are closely linked for INTJs. Many feel they cannot rest or move forward until certain foundational matters have been squared away. While other types might content themselves with 「good enough,」 INTJs are insistent that their work meets their own (often very high) standards of excellence…
就像這個例子所展現的那樣，完美主義、徹徹底底、堅持不懈（或者有一些人可能稱之為強迫症）通常和INTJs緊密相關。許多INTJs都認為除非所有的問題都得到解決，否則他們不能休息或者move on。當其他人格型已經覺得自己「足夠好」的時候，INTJs卻堅持他們的工作必須符合他們自己的（通常是非常高的）要求標準。
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