?歐陸風雲-第一次達西亞戰爭

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The Roman governor Lucius Flavius Silva lays siege to Masada, the last outpost of the Jewish rebels, followed by the end of the First Jewish-Roman War.

羅馬總督Lucius Flavius Silva圍攻猶太反抗軍最後的據點Masada，結束了第一次猶太羅馬戰爭。

Emperor Vespasian begins conquest of territory east of the upper Rhine and south of the Main. In addition, he reorganizes the defenses of the upper and lower Danube.

葦斯帕鄉皇帝開始征服萊茵河上游和美因河南岸的土地。除此之外，他重整了多瑙河上游、下游的防務。

In 73, a group of Alans invaded Atropatene kingdom and forced the king to flee into the mountains.

73年，一群阿蘭人入侵阿特羅帕特尼王國，迫使國王逃到深山中。

The Black Forest region is reattached to the Roman Empire.

黑森林地區重歸羅馬。

Frontinus begins his conquest of Wales by decisively defeating the Silures,.

Frontinus決定性地擊敗了Silures人，開始征服威爾士。

Vespasian fortifies Armazi (Georgia) for the Iberian king Mithridates I. The Alans raid the Roman frontier in Armenia.

葦斯帕鄉為伊比利亞國王米特里答梯一世修建了Armazi（位於喬治亞）。阿蘭人襲擊了亞美尼亞。

Gnaeus Julius Agricola is named governor of Britannia, a post he occupies until AD 84. He subdues the Ordovices in Wales and pursues the remnants of the tribe to Anglesey, the holy island of the Druids. Eventually he conquers Anglesey and disperses his army to their winter quarters.

阿古利可拉被任命為不列顛尼亞總督，他一直在任至公元84年。他征服了威爾士的Ordovices人，然後將其餘部趕至德魯伊聖島Anglesey。最後他拿下了這個島，將士卒散至冬季營地過冬。

Wales is eventually tamed by Agricola, who subjugates Dumnonia in Southwest England by about AD 78.

阿古利可拉最終征服了威爾士以及西南英格蘭的Dumonia（約公元78年）。

Tacitus says that after a combination of force and diplomacy quieted discontent among the Britons who had been conquered previously, Agricola built forts in their territories in 79.

塔西佗說，在恩威並用之後，阿古利可拉平息了被征服布立吞人的不滿情緒。79年，他又在布立吞人土地上修建堡壘。

The Roman occupation of Britain reaches the River Tyne–Solway Firth frontier area. Gnaeus Julius Agricola creates a fleet for the conquest of Caledonia; he finally proves that Britannia is an island.

羅馬征服不列顛的兵鋒抵達泰恩-索爾維河峽灣一線。阿古利可拉建立了一支用於徵服喀里多尼亞的艦隊；他最終證明不列顛尼亞是個島。

In 80 Agricola marched to the Firth of Tay (some historians hold that he stopped along the Firth of Forth in that year), not returning south until 81, at which time he consolidated his gains in the new lands that he had conquered, and in the rebellious lands that he had re-conquered.

80年，阿古利可拉進至Tay峽灣（有些歷史學家認為他在80年止步於Forth峽灣），直到次年才回師。此時，他已鞏固了新征服的土地以及重新被征服的反覆無常的部落。

Gnaeus Julius Agricola raises a fleet and encircles the Celtic tribes beyond the Forth, the Caledonians rise in great numbers against the Romans. They attack the camp of Legio IX Hispana at night, but Agricola sends his cavalry in and put them to flight.

阿古利可拉籌集艦隊，包圍Forth灣之外的凱爾特人部落。喀里多尼亞人聚集大軍對抗羅馬軍隊，夜襲西班牙第九軍團營地；但阿古利可拉派遣騎兵救援，將其擊退。

Roman emperor Domitian fights the Chatti, a Germanic tribe. His victory allows the construction of fortifications (Limes) along the Rhine-frontier.

羅馬皇帝多米提安攻打日耳曼部落卡狄人。這次勝利使得羅馬人能夠沿著萊茵邊境築壘（長牆）。

Possible date of the Battle of Mons Graupius (AD 83 or 84). According to Tacitus, 10,000 Britons and 360 Romans are killed.

Mons Graupius之戰的可能日期（公元83或84年）。據塔西佗記載，此役1萬名布立吞人喪命，而羅馬損失了360人。

Emperor Domitian recalls Agricola back to Rome, where he is rewarded with a triumph and the governorship of the Roman province Africa, but he declines it.

多米提安皇帝召阿古利可拉回羅馬，授予他凱旋儀式和阿非利加行省總督之職，但阿古利可拉拒絕了。

At the end of 85 or the beginning of 86 AD, the Dacian king Duras ordered his troops to attack the Roman province of Moesia on the southern course of the Danube river.

公元85年底或86年初，達西亞國王Duras命令達西亞軍隊襲擊了多瑙河南岸的羅馬默西亞行省。

Roman legions face disaster in Dacia in the First Battle of Tapae, when Cornelius Fuscus, Praetorian prefect, launches a powerful offensive that becomes a failure.

近衛軍長官Cornelius Fuscus向達西亞發起了強大的攻勢，但結果羅馬軍隊在第一次Tapae戰役中慘遭敗北。

By AD 87 Roman occupation of Scotland was limited to the Southern Uplands and by the end of the 1st century the northern limit of Roman expansion was a line drawn between the Tyne and Solway Firth.

至公元87年，羅馬對蘇格蘭的佔領限於南方高地；至1世紀末，羅馬擴張的北界為泰恩河與Firth峽灣之間的連線。

The First Dacian War ends: Decebalus becomes a client king of Rome, he receives money, craftsmen and war machines to protect the borders (Limes) of the Roman Empire.

第一次達西亞戰爭結束：Decebalus成為羅馬「附庸國」國王，他拿到了錢、工匠和戰爭設備，保護羅馬的邊界（邊牆）。

1 January -- Lucius Antonius Saturninus incites a revolt against the Roman Emperor Domitian. It is suppressed by 24 January.

1月日，Lucius Antonius Saturninus 掀起了反對羅馬皇帝多米提安的反亂。同月24日，亂平。

In 89 AD, Domitian invaded the Iazyges, along with the Quadi and Marcomanni. Few details are known of this war, but it is recorded that the Romans were defeated.

公元89年，多米提安與誇迪人和馬克曼尼人一同入侵埃阿澤格人。這場戰爭的情況我們所知甚少，但據記載羅馬人戰敗了。

The Germania, written by the Roman historian Publius Cornelius Tacitus around 98 ad and originally entitled On the Origin and Situation of the Germans (Latin: De Origine et situ Germanorum), was a historical and ethnographic work on the Germanic tribes outside the Roman Empire.

日耳曼尼亞志由羅馬歷史學家塔西佗於98年前後寫成，最初書名為日耳曼人的起源與現狀（拉丁文：Latin: De Origine et situ Germanorum）。這是一本有關羅馬帝國境外日耳曼部落的歷史與民族志著作。

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