致敬基礎研究和探索精神，華為請5G科學家走紅毯

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7月26日，華為在深圳總部舉行頒獎典禮，向5G極化碼（Polar碼）的發現者土耳其畢爾肯大學爾達爾·阿里坎（Erdal Arikan）教授頒發特別獎項。百餘名標準與基礎研究領域的華為科學家和工程師也獲得了表彰。

一個視頻看下頒獎典禮的現場，這是一個請科學家走紅毯的視頻

華為輪值董事長徐直軍（Eric Xu）在活動上表示：「我們清楚地意識到標準的誕生只是新旅程的開始。我們將繼續努力，確保包括極化碼在內的5G技術更快、更好地為社會創造價值。」

Light Reading刊登了其致辭全文（中英文雙語版）：

阿里坎教授，女士們先生們，

今天能和你們相聚此地，我感到非常榮幸。

請同我一起向阿里坎教授和他的科學探險家同伴們致以敬意。

在某種程度上，我認為今天的活動邀請函已於2008年7月24日發送給我們，那天我們第一次看到阿里坎教授關於極化碼的論文。

眾所周知，3GPP於2018年6月14日11:18正式凍結了5G New Radio的獨立（組網）規範。這標誌著5G Release 15標準的正式發布。非獨立（組網）的NR規格於去年12月發布。目前，所有功能標準化工作的第一階段已經完成。去年12月，極化碼被確認為5G標準的基本要素。

世界上第一個符合3GPP標準、支持極化碼的5G系統，於2018年2月22日在世界移動大會上發布。它由華為和沃達豐聯合開發。

阿里坎教授關於極化碼的論文發布和Release 15標準的完成之間已經過去了大約10年。我們今天看到的只是冰山一角。在水面以下，有著數十年不間斷的研究和探索。

1948年，克勞德·香農（Claude Shannon）發表了論文《通信的數學理論》，它成為信息理論的基礎。在論文中，他指出了在給定帶寬上以一定質量可靠地傳輸信息的最大速率。這被稱為香農極限。他還提出，信道編碼技術提供了達到該限制的手段。因此，信道編碼技術已經成為通信領域皇冠上的寶石，眾多科學家不知疲倦地致力於開發和發展這項技術。

維特比解碼演算法於1967年被發明。它代表了第一代信道編碼技術的巔峰之作。該演算法使解碼更簡單，並在解碼過程中提供了更好的性能。它使卷積碼廣泛用於信息和通信行業。該演算法於1988年用於2G GSM網路，並用於隨後的3G網路。

在1991年的一次工程實驗中，法國教授克勞德·貝魯（Claude Berrou）發現了turbo碼，這是第一個使該行業接近香農極限的編碼方案。這為第二代信道編碼技術打開了大門。1999年，3GPP採用turbo碼作為3G UMTS系統的信道編碼。它也被用於4G LTE系統。

基於turbo碼原則，計算機科學界對1962年由羅伯特·加拉格爾（Robert Gallager）教授（阿里坎教授的導師）發現的LDPC碼有了新的理解。基於這種新的理解，人們意識到，憑藉現代計算能力，LDPC碼也可以讓我們接近香農極限。在隨後的幾十年中，LDPC碼已廣泛應用於存儲和廣播領域。

2008年，阿里坎教授發表了關於極化碼的論文。極化碼成為唯一理論證明可以達到香農極限的編碼方案。它們開創了第三代信道編碼技術。LDPC和極化碼都被採用為5G標準。

眾所周知，從理論轉向實際應用是一個充滿無數工程障礙的過程。三代信道編碼技術中的每一代都需要10到20年才能從學術發現發展到行業標準。

華為自2009年開始研究5G。這也是阿里坎教授在《IEEE資訊理論彙刊》中發表關於極化碼的官方論文的一年。5G是華為通過完整的端到端流程開發的第一款產品，從概念到研究、標準和商業應用。這種經驗非常寶貴，過去十年我們在5G的工作中可以吸取很多教訓。

在此，我要感謝李英濤（Li Yingtao）在這次旅程中的出色領導。沒有他，我們就不會成為今天的我們。我還要感謝我們的5G項目經理童文（Wen Tong）博士。在過去10年里，他在世界各地旅行了數百萬公里來完成工作。由於他的工作，我們實現了5G的目標：實現技術突破並幫助制定統一的全球標準。

請允許我再次向阿里坎教授、李英濤先生和童文博士表示衷心的感謝。還有阿里坎教授在學術界的同行、科學家同伴以及所有為5G作出貢獻的華為專家。

展望未來，我們清楚地意識到標準的誕生只是新旅程的開始。我們將繼續努力，確保包括極化碼在內的5G技術更快、更好地為社會創造價值。與此同時，我們衷心希望企業與學術界的緊密合作，像是華為與阿里坎教授之間的緊密合作，可以繼續發揚光大，為ICT產業和人類社會的發展創造更多的奇蹟。

謝謝！

——華為輪值董事長徐直軍

Professor Arikan,

Ladies and gentlemen,

Its my great honor to be with you here today.

Please join me as we pay tribute to Professor Arikan and his fellow scientific explorers.

In a way, I think the invitation to todays event was sent to us back on July 24, 2008, the day when we first saw Professor Arikans paper on polar codes.

As we all know, 3GPP officially froze the standalone specifications for 5G New Radio at 11:18 on June 14, 2018. This marked the official release of 5G Release 15 standards. The non-standalone NR specifications were released in December of last year. At present, the first phase of standardization work for all features has been completed. Polar code was confirmed last December as a basic element of 5G standards.

The worlds first 3GPP-compliant, polar code supported 5G system was launched at Mobile World Congress on February 22, 2018. It was jointly developed by Huawei and Vodafone.

About 10 years have passed between the release of Professor Arikans paper on polar codes and the completion of Release 15 standards. What we see today is just the tip of the iceberg. Below the waterline, there is decades of nonstop research and exploration.

In 1948, Claude Shannon published the paper: A Mathematical Theory of Communication, which became the foundation of information theory. In the paper, he pointed out the maximum rate at which information can be reliably transmitted over a given bandwidth with certain quality. This is known as Shannons limit. He also proposed that channel coding technology provides the means to reach that limit. As a result, channel coding technology has become the crown jewel of the communications sector, and numerous scientists have worked tirelessly to develop and evolve this technology.

The Viterbi decoding algorithm was invented in 1967. It represents the pinnacle of the first generation of channel coding technology. This algorithm made decoding simpler, and provided a greater performance in the decoding process. It enabled the widespread use of convolutional codes in the information and communications industry. The algorithm was adopted for 2G GSM networks in 1988, and for subsequent 3G networks.

In an engineering experiment in 1991, French professor Claude Berrou discovered the turbo code, which was the first coding scheme to bring the industry close to the Shannons limit. This opened the door to the second generation of channel coding technology. In 1999, turbo code was adopted by 3GPP as the channel code for 3G UMTS systems. It has also been used in 4G LTE systems.

Building on turbo code principles, the computer science community gained a new understanding of LDPC code, which had been discovered by Professor Robert Gallager – Professor Arikans mentor – back in 1962. Based on this new understanding, people realized that, with modern computing power, LDPC code could also bring us close to Shannons limit. In the decades that followed, LDPC code has been widely adopted in storage and broadcast domains.

In 2008, Professor Arikan published his paper on polar codes. Polar codes became the only theoretically proved coding scheme that could reach Shannons limit. They ushered in the third generation of channel coding technology. Both LDPC and polar code have since been adopted as 5G standards.

As we know, moving from theory to practical application is a process rife with countless engineering hurdles. It took 10 to 20 years for each of the three generations of channel coding technology to evolve from academic discovery to industry standard.

Huawei began researching 5G back in 2009. This was also the year that Professor Arikan published his official paper on polar code in IEEEs Transactions on Information Theory. 5G is the first product that Huawei has developed through a complete end-to-end process, from concept to research, standards, and commercial application. This experience has been invaluable, and there are a lot of lessons we can draw on from our work on 5G over the past decade.

Here, I would like to thank Li Yingtao for his outstanding leadership throughout this journey. Without him, we wouldnt be where we are today. I also want to thank Dr. Wen Tong, our 5G project manager. Over the past 10 years, he has travelled millions of kilometers around the world to get the job done. Thanks to his work, we have achieved our goals for 5G: making technical breakthroughs and helping to set a single global standard.

Again, please allow me to express my sincere gratitude to Professor Arikan, Mr. Ling Yingtao, and Dr. Wen Tong. Also to Professor Arikans peers in academia, fellow scientists, and all of the Huawei experts who have contributed to 5G.

Moving forward, we are well aware that the birth of 5G standards is only the beginning of a new journey. We will continue to work hard to ensure that 5G technologies – including polar code – creates greater value for society, and sooner. At the same time, we hope that the close collaboration between companies and the academia, like the one between Huawei and Professor Arikan, will continue, and give rise to more scientific marvels that drive the development of the ICT industry and society as a whole.

Thank you!

— Eric Xu, Rotating Chairman, Huawei

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