0912翻譯: 事物的正確答案不止一個（羅迦·費·因格）
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0912翻譯: 事物的正確答案不止一個（羅迦·費·因格）
Translation: The Correction Answer on Matter Could be More Than One (Roger von Oech)
(assembled/translated by: alexcwlin; reviewed/edited by: Adam Lam)
從下列四種圖形中，找出一個性質與其他三個不同的來。
In the four diagrams below, find the one which nature is different from the three others.
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對於上面這個問題，你是怎麼回答的呢?
Respecting the above question, what would your answer be?
要是你選擇的是B，那就恭喜你答對了。
If you chose figure B, congratula?tions! Youve picked the right answer.
因為圖形B是惟一一個僅由直線構成的圖形。
Figure B is the only one that has all straight lines.
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不過，也許有人會選擇圖形C。因為非對稱性圖形只有C一個，所以會被認為與其他圖形不同。
Some of you, however, may have chosen figure C, thinking that C is unique because its the only one that is asymmetrical.
確實如此，這也是正確答案。
And you are also right! C is the right answer.
答A也是可以的。因為A是惟一沒有角的圖形，
A case can also be made for figure A: its the only one with no points.
所以A也是正確答案。
Therefore A is the right answer.
那麼，D又怎麼樣呢?這是惟一一個由直線與曲線構成的圖形，
What about D? It is the only one that has both a straight line and a curved line.
因此D也是正確答案。
So, D is the right answer.
換句話說，由於看圖形的角度不同，四種答案全部正確。
In other words, they are all right depend?ing on your point of view.
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「正確答案只有一個」這種思維模式，在我們頭腦中已不知不覺地根深蒂固。
The "right answer" ap?proach becomes deeply ingrained in our thinking.
事實上，若是某種數學問題的話，說正確答案只有一個是對的。
This may be fine for some mathematical problems where there is in fact only one right answer.
麻煩的是，生活中大部分事物並不像某種數學問題那樣。
The difficulty is that most of life isnt this way.
生活中解決問題的方法並非只有一個，而是多種多樣。
In life, there is more than one way to skin a cat.
由於情況的變化，原來行之有效的方法，到了現在往往不靈了。
As situations change, the initial effective method often no longer applies currently.
正因為如此，如果你認為正確答案只有一個的話，當你找到某個答案以後，就會止步不前。
Because of that, if you think there is only one right answer, then you』ll stop looking as soon as you find one.
因此，不滿足於一個答案，不放棄探求，這一點非常重要。
Therefore not being content with one answer and not giving up on searching is very important.
然而，尋求第二種答案，或是解決問題的其他路徑和新的方法，有賴於創造性的思維。
However, looking for the second answer, other methods or new approaches in solving a problem depends on creative thinking.
那麼，創造性的思維又有哪些必需的要素呢?
Then what are the essentials necessary for creative thinking?
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有人是這樣回答的：「富有創造性的人總是孜孜不倦地汲取知識，使自己學識淵博。從古代史到現代技術，從數學到插花，不精通各種知識就一事無成。
A person responded like this, "The creative person wants to be a know-it-all. He wants to know about all kinds of things: ancient history, nineteenth century mathematics, current manu?facturing techniques, flower arranging, and hog futures.
因為這些知識隨時都可能進行組合，形成新的創意。
He never knows when these ideas might come together to form a new idea.
這種情況可能出現在六分鐘之後，也可能在六個月之後，六年之後。
It may happen six minutes later or six years down the road.
但當事人堅信它一定會出現。」
But the creative person has faith that it will happen."
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我對此完全贊同。
I agree.
知識是形成新創意的素材。
Knowledge is the stuff from which new ideas are made.
但這並不是說，光憑知識就能擁有創造性。
Nonetheless, knowledge alone wont make a person cre?ative.
發揮創造力的真正關鍵，在於如何運用知識。
The real key to being creative lies in what you do with your knowledge.
創造性的思維，必須有探求新事物，並為此而活用知識的態度和意識，
Creative thinking requires an outlook that allows you to search for ideas and play with your knowledge and experience.
在此基礎上，持之以恆地進行各種嘗試。
With this outlook, you try different approaches.
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這方面的典型代表，首推約翰·古登貝爾克。
Among all the epitomes in this regard, Johann Gutenberg should be considered the first on the list.
他將原來毫不相關的兩種機械——葡萄壓榨機和硬幣打制器組合起來，
What Gutenberg did was to combine two previously unconnected ideas: the wine press and the coin punch.
開發了一種新形式。因為葡萄壓榨機用來從葡萄中榨出汁，所以它在大面積上均等加力。而硬幣打制器的功能則是在金幣之類的小平面上打出印花來。
The purpose of the coin punch was to leave an image on a small area such as a gold coin. The function of the wine press was, and still is, to apply force over a large area to squeeze the juice out of grapes.
有一天，古登貝爾克半開玩笑地自言自語道：「是不是可以在幾個硬幣打制器上加上葡萄壓榨機的壓力，使之在紙上列印出印花來呢?」
One day, Gutenberg asked himself, "What if I took a bunch of these coin punches and put them under the force of the wine press so that they left their image on paper?"
由此組合就是印刷機和排版術。
The resulting combination was the printing press and movable type.
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另一個例子是羅蘭·布歇內爾。
Roland Bushnell was another example.
1971年的一天，布歇內爾邊看電視邊這麼想：「光看太沒意思了。
One day in 1971while watching television, Bushnell thought: 「Just watching television is boring.
把電視接收器作為試驗對象，看它產生什麼反應。」
Let me experiment on the television receiver and see how it responds.」
此後不久，他就發明了對戰型的乒乓球遊戲，從此開始了遊戲機的革命。
Soon afterwards, he invented competitive interactive ping-pong video game and a new era of revolutionized video game machines began.
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不過，這種創造性的思維是否任何人都具備呢?
However, does everyone possess this type of creative thinking?
是否存在富有創造力和缺乏創造力的區別呢?
Is there a difference in the type of people who are rich in creativity and those who are deficient in it?
某心理學專家小組以實際從事創造性工作的人與不從事此類工作的人為對象進行了調查研究，
A small team of psychology experts conducted research studies on people who engaged in creative works and those who didn』t.
並得出如下結論：「富於創造力的人，認為自己具有創造力；
They came up with a conclusion: 「People who are rich in creativity believe they possess creativity.
缺乏創造力的人，不認為自己具有創造力。」
Those who are deficient in creativity do not believe they possess creativity.」
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認為「我不具備創造力」的人當中，有的覺得創造力僅僅是貝多芬、愛因斯坦以及莎士比亞他們的，
Among those people who believed 「I do not possess creativity」, some of them felt creativity was unique to Beethoven, Einstein and Shakespeare exclusively.
從而進行自我壓制。
As such they suppressed themselves from getting creative.
不言而喻，在創造的宇宙里，貝多芬、愛因斯坦、莎士比亞是光輝燦爛的明星。
It goes without saying that in the realm of creativity, Beethoven, Einstein and Shakespeare were dazzling stars.
然而在大多數情況下，即便是他們，也並非輕而易舉就能獲得如此非凡的靈感。
But in the majority of cases, even they did not acquire their exceptional inspirations hands down.
相反，這種非凡的靈感，往往產生於這樣的過程：關注極其普通、甚至一閃念的想法，並對它反覆推敲，逐漸充實。
On the contrary, such exceptional inspirations came about in a certain process: 「pay attention to very ordinary and brainstorming ideas, repeatedly deliberate on them, and progressively enrich them」.
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由此看來，區分一個人是否擁有創造力，主要根據之一是，擁有創造力的人留意自己細小的想法。
From this you can see that one of the key bases in differentiating if a person has creativity or not is a creative person pays attention to his minute thinking.
即使他們不知道將來會產生怎樣的結果，但他們很清楚，小的創意會打開大的突破口，
Even though they do not know what results could be engendered in the future, yet they are clear that small innovative ideas could open up huge breakthroughs.
並堅信自己一定能使之變為現實。
Also they must firmly believe they could make ideas come true.
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任何人都擁有創造力，首先要堅信這一點。
Everyone possesses creativity, and he must be totally convinced in this regard.
關鍵是要經常保持好奇心，不斷積累知識；
The key is to maintain a sense of curiosity all the time and continuously accumulate knowledge.
不滿足於一個答案，而去探求新思路，去運用所得的知識；
He must not be satisfied with one answer and dig for new way of thinking through the application of acquired knowledge.
一旦產生小的靈感，相信它的價值，並鍥而不捨地把它發展下去。
Once he comes up with a tiny inspiration, he must believe in its value and persevere in developing it.
如果能做到這些，你一定會成為一個富有創造性的人。
If you can achieve these, you will become a person rich in creativity.
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附註：
(1) 名字翻譯
英文名字翻譯可能不準確。
(2) Source of English Original
The English version is from a book of Roger von Oech: 「A Whack on the Side of the Head, How You Can be More Creative」.
(3) English Original Version and Translation
For whatever reasons, there are marked differences between the Chinese version and the English original in the book. Therefore I have to translate part of the Chinese scripts (in purple) where I cannot find comparable texts in the original book (in green).
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