?歐陸風雲-日耳曼尼亞

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My 奧古斯都，瓦盧斯......

瓦盧斯他被搞了還自戕了。

「Das why I 悲憤！！！瓦盧斯你還我軍團俺悲憤！！！」

Between 2 BC and AD 4, Vinicius commanded the 5 legions stationed in Germany. At around the time of his appointment, many of the Germanic tribes arose in what the historian Velleius Paterculus calls the "vast war". However, no account of this war exists. Vinicius must have performed well, for he was awarded the ornamenta triumphalia on his return to Rome.

公元前2年到公元4年，Vinicius指揮了5個鎮守在日耳曼的軍團。在他任期期間，很多日耳曼部落起來反抗，這次事件被歷史學家Velleius Paterculus稱為「大規模戰爭」。然而，這次戰爭無跡可尋。Vinicius必然留下了很好的業績，否則他在回歸羅馬時不會被授予凱旋儀式。

In AD 4, Augustus sent Tiberius to the Rhine frontier as the commander in Germany. He campaigned in northern Germany for the next two years. During the first year, he conquered the Canninefati, the Attuarii, the Bructeri, and subdued the Cherusci. Soon thereafter, he declared the Cherusci "friends of the Roman people."

奧古斯都在公元4年派遣Tiberius至萊茵河前線，任駐日耳曼指揮官。Tiberius在接下來的兩年中在北日耳曼進行了戰鬥。在第一年中，他征服了Canninefati、Attuarii、Bructeri人，並降服了Cherusci人。不久之後，他宣布Cherusci是「羅馬人民的朋友」。

In AD 5, he campaigned against the Chauci, and then coordinated an attack into the heart of Germany both overland and by river. The Roman fleet and legions met on the Elbe, whereupon Tiberius departed from the Elbe to march back westward at the end of the summer without stationing occupying forces at this eastern position. This accomplished a demonstration to his troops, to Rome, and to the German peoples that his army could move largely unopposed through Germany, but like Drusus he did nothing to hold territory.

公元5年，Tiberius向Chauci人發起戰役，然後居中協調，水陸並進攻入日耳曼尼亞核心地帶。羅馬艦隊和軍團在易北河上會師，然後Tiberius在夏末班師動身，未在東方要點駐守佔領軍。對他的軍隊、羅馬以及日耳曼人來說，這一舉措說明Tiberius的軍隊可以如入無人之境地大規模穿越日耳曼，但和Drusus類似，Tiberius並未保有疆土。

Judaea and Moesia become Roman provinces.

猶太地區和默西亞地區成為羅馬行省。

The Illyrian tribes in Dalmatia and Pannonia start the Great Illyrian Revolt.

達爾馬提亞和潘諾尼亞的伊利里亞人發動伊利里亞大規模反抗。

In Cassius Dios opinion, at the time around AD 7 the Romans did not accomplish anything worthy of note, except for Germanicus who defeated Mazaei, a Dalmatian tribe.

在Cassius Dio看來，公元7年左右羅馬人未取得值得一提的戰績，除了Germanicus擊敗了達爾馬提亞人的Mazaei部落。

After the assassination of Orodes III in about 6 AD, the Parthians applied to Augustus for a new King from the house of Arsaces. Augustus sent them Vonones I, but he could not maintain himself as King; he had been educated as a Roman, and was despised by the Parthian nobility as a Roman stooge.

公元6年左右，帕提亞Orodes三世被刺殺之後，帕提亞人向奧古斯都要求扶立阿薩西斯王室的新王。奧古斯都把Vonones一世派回國，但他卻無法保持國王的權威；他受的教育將他變成了羅馬人，帕提亞貴族則對他嗤之以鼻，覺得他不過是羅馬的小丑而已。

August 3 – Roman general Tiberius defeats the Illyrians in Dalmatia on the River Bathinus, but the Great Illyrian Revolt continues.

8月3日，羅馬將軍Tiberius在Bathinus河擊敗了達爾馬提亞的伊利里亞人，但伊利里亞大反抗仍在繼續。

September 9 – Battle of the Teutoburg Forest: Roman forces are lured by Arminius into an ambush and defeated by his tribe, the Cherusci, and their Germanic allies. The Roman aquilae are lost and the Roman general and governor Publius Quinctilius Varus commits suicide.

9月9日，條頓堡森林之戰：羅馬軍隊被阿米尼烏斯誘入埋伏中，並被阿米尼烏斯的部落Cherusci人和其它日耳曼盟友擊敗。羅馬鷹旗丟失，羅馬將軍兼總督Publius Quinctilius瓦盧斯自殺。

Suppression of the Bellum Batonianum (Great Illyrian Revolt) in Dalmatia.

達爾馬提亞的伊利里亞人大反抗被鎮平。

Tiberius was joined by his adoptive son Germanicus for the campaigns of AD 11 and 12. The two generals crossed the Rhine and made various excursions into enemy territory, moving with the same caution as Tiberius had the year before. The campaigns were conducted against the Bructeri and the Marsi to avenge the defeat of Varus, but had no significant effect. However, the campaigns did, combined with Romes alliance to the Marcommanic federation of Marbod, effectively prevent the anti-Roman Germanic coalition led by Arminius from crossing the Rhine to invade Gaul and Italy. In the winter of AD 12, Tiberius and Germanicus returned to Rome.

提比略與其養子日耳曼尼庫斯共同進行了公元11年和12年的戰役。二位將領渡過萊茵河，對敵人領地進行了多次遠征，但小心翼翼的程度不亞於去年提比略的遠征。這幾次戰役的目標是Bructeri和Marsi人，是為了報復瓦盧斯的失敗，但並未有多大成效。然而，這幾次戰役在羅馬盟友Marbod領導的馬克曼尼人的合作下，有效阻止了阿米尼烏斯反羅馬聯盟渡過萊茵河入侵高盧和義大利。12年的冬季，提比略和日耳曼尼庫斯返回羅馬。

Another member of the Arsacid house, Artabanus III, who was living among the Dahan nomads in the east of Parthia, was invited to the throne. In a civil war he defeated and expelled Vonones I.

阿薩西斯王室的另一位成員Artabanus三世居住在帕提亞東方的大益游牧民中，被帕提亞人請回國。內戰爆發，他趕走了Vonones一世。

Abgarus of Edessa is reinstalled as king of Osroene.

埃德薩的Abgarus被重新扶上奧斯若恩王位。

September 18 – Tiberius succeeds his stepfather Augustus as Roman emperor.

9月18日，提比略繼承繼父奧古斯都為羅馬皇帝。

Germanicus leads a brutal raid against the Marsi, a German tribe on the upper Ruhr river, who are massacred.

日耳曼尼庫斯對魯爾河上游的日耳曼部落馬爾西人發動了殘酷的突襲，屠戮了整個部落。

May – As part of his campaign against the Germanic peoples, Germanicus captures Thusnelda, wife of Arminius.

5月，在日耳曼尼庫斯針對日耳曼人的戰役中，他俘虜了阿米尼烏斯的妻子Thusnelda。

Summer – Germanicus launches a two-pronged attack from Vetera and Moguntiacum. On his return journey, he recaptures the aquila of Legio XIX and visits the battlefield of the Teutoburg Forest. Germanicus arranges the burial for the remains of Varus army.

夏季，日耳曼尼庫斯從Vetera和Moguntiacum發動了兩次長途奔襲。回師途中，他重獲十九軍團的鷹旗，並在條頓堡森林戰場憑弔戰死的羅馬將士，安排人員安葬了瓦盧斯軍隊的遺骸。

Varna (Odessus), on the Bulgarian Black Sea Coast, is annexed to the Roman province of Moesia.

黑海保加利亞段岸邊瓦爾納（奧德蘇斯）被併入羅馬默西亞行省。

Germanicus employs North Sea fleet to avoid dangerous rivers, embarking an army in the Rhine delta aboard circa 1,000 ships. He defeats the Germans at Amisius river estuary and the Weser, but during its return the Roman fleet is partially destroyed by storms.

日耳曼尼庫斯動用北海船隊，避開危險的河流。羅馬軍隊登上停靠在萊茵河三角洲的1000艘船，在Amisius和入口和威悉河擊敗了日耳曼人，但部分船隻被風暴毀掉。

The decision not to conquer the regions east of the Rhine in 16 A. D. made the Rhine into a fixed frontier of the Roman Empire.

公元16年，羅馬帝國決定不征服萊茵河東岸地區的決定使得萊茵河成為羅馬帝國的固定邊疆。