歐陸風雲—蘇拉

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The Romans subdue the Maedi and Dardani.

羅馬制服了麥狄人與達達尼亞。

Ariarathes VIII is forced out of Cappadocia by Mithridates, and dies soon afterwards.

Ariarathes 八世被本都的米特里答梯趕出了卡帕多西亞，不久之後去世。

Cyrene is left to the people of Roman Republic by its ruler Ptolemy Apion.

昔蘭尼加統治者托勒密·阿皮翁去世後，昔蘭尼加就被留給了羅馬共和國（當地人繼續統治了20年左右）。

Seleucus VI Epiphanes becomes king of the Seleucid Empire following the death of his father Antiochus VIII Grypus, and defeating in battle Antiochus IX Cyzicenus.

塞留古六世在其父王安條克八世去世後成為塞留古帝國之主，之後擊敗了安條克九世。

In 95 BC, Antiochus IX marched against his nephew but lost and was killed. Seleucus VI became the master of the capital but had to share Syria with his brother Demetrius III, based in Damascus, and his cousin, Antiochus IXs son Antiochus X.

前95年，安條克九世與其侄塞留古六世會戰，戰敗被殺。塞留古六世成為首都之主，但不得不與其兄弟德米特里烏斯（駐於大馬士革）及其表兄弟安條克九世之字安條克十世平分敘利亞。

Nicomedes IV succeeds his father Nicomedes III as king of Bithynia.

Nicomedes四世繼承父王Nicomedes三世為王。

In 94 BC, Selecus VI was expelled from Antioch by Antiochus X who followed him to the Cilician city of Mopsuestia. Following his demise, his brothers Antiochus XI and Philip I destroyed Mopsuestia as an act of revenge and their armies fought those of Antiochus X.

前94年，塞留古六世被安條克十世趕出安條克，後者一路追擊，入Mopsuestia城。塞留古六世在此被殺後，其兄弟安條克十一世和腓力一世毀Mopsuestia城，以示對安條克十世的報復，也以此作為自己出力抵抗安條克十世的明證。

Ariobarzanes I Philoromaios becomes king of Cappadocia with Roman backing.

在羅馬支持下，Arobarzanes一世成為卡帕多西亞國王。

At the beginning of 93 BC, they advanced on Antioch and drove Antiochus X from the city.Philip did not live in the Syrian metropolis and remained at a base in northern Syria, leaving Antiochus XI as master of the capital. By autumn 93 BC, Antiochus X regrouped and defeated Antiochus XI (who drowned in the Orontes).

前93年處，腓力和安條克十一世進攻安條克，將安條克十世趕出安條克。腓力沒有入駐這座敘利亞城市，而是留在北敘利亞的基地，讓安條克十一世掌管安條克。前93年秋，安條克十世捲土重來，擊敗安條克十一世，將其淹死在Orontes河中。

Arshak I becomes king of Caucasian Iberia after overthrowing Farnadjom.

Arshak一世推翻Farnadjom，成為高加索伊比利亞國王。

The death of Antiochus X is shrouded in mystery. The year of his demise is traditionally given by modern scholars as 92 BC, but other dates are also possible including the year 224 SE (89/88 BC).

安條克十世之死仍然迷霧重重。現代學者形成的傳統說法是，他去世那一年是公元前92年，但224SE（公元前89/88）等時間也是有可能的。

After the death of Antiochus X, Demetrius rushed to the capital and occupied it; this led Philip to break his alliance with his brother.

在安條克十世去世後，德米特里烏斯搶佔都城安條克；這導致德米特里烏斯與其兄弟腓力的聯盟破裂。

The tribune Marcus Livius Drusus proposes extending Roman citizenship to allied Italian cities, but is assassinated, leading to the Social War.

保民官Marcus Livius Drusus建議將羅馬公民權推廣到所有義大利同盟城市，然而他被刺殺了，由此導致了義大利同盟戰爭。

The Etruscans are granted Roman citizenship.

伊斯特魯利亞人被授予羅馬公民權。

Corfinium in south-central Italy is the center of a rebellion against Rome.

南義大利的Corfinium成為反羅馬中心。

Nicomedes IV of Bithynia is defeated in battle by a coalition of Nicomedes brother Socrates, and Mithridates VI of Pontus. Nicomedes flees to Rome.

比提尼亞的Nicomedes四世在戰鬥中負於其兄弟Socrates和本都米特里答梯六世的聯軍。Nicomedes四世逃亡羅馬。

The Roman army of Gnaeus Pompeius Strabo decisively defeats the rebels in the Battle of Asculum.

Gnaeus Pompeius Strabo的羅馬軍隊在阿斯克魯姆戰役中決定性地擊敗了義大利同盟者。

Mithridates VI of Pontus invades Bithynia and Cappadocia, thus the First Mithridatic War begins.

本都的米特里答梯六世入侵比提尼亞和卡帕多西亞，第一次米特里答梯戰爭爆發。

The Social War ends with the defeat of the Italian allies by the Romans.

同盟戰爭以羅馬戰勝義大利同盟結束。

The Dardani, Scordisci, and the Maedi attack the Roman province of Macedonia.

達達尼亞、斯科迪西、麥狄人進攻羅馬馬其頓行省。

First Civil War in Rome, between Marius and Sulla starts and ends with Marius escaping to Africa.

羅馬爆發第一次內戰，雙方為馬略和蘇拉。最後馬略逃亡非洲。

King Mithridates VI of Pontus invades Greece. Defeating the Roman forces four times in succession, he conquers Bithynia, Phrygia, Mysia, Lycia, Pamphylia, Ionia and Cappadocia.

本都國王米特里答梯六世入侵希臘。他四戰四捷，征服了比提尼亞、弗里吉亞、麥西亞、呂西亞、潘費利亞、愛奧尼亞和卡帕多西亞。

After the death of Mithridates II of Parthia in 88 BC, Tigranes took advantage of the fact that the Parthian Empire had been weakened by Scythian invasions and internal squabbling to start a massive conquer.

公元前88年，帕提亞米特里答梯二世去世後，亞美尼亞國王提格蘭利用帕提亞被斯基泰人入侵、內部紛爭削弱之機，發動大規模征服。

Sulla arrives in Greece and besieges Athens. He orders Lucius Licinius Lucullus to raise a fleet from Romes allies around the eastern Mediterranean.

蘇拉抵達希臘，圍攻雅典；他還命令Lucius Licinius Lucullus從羅馬東地中海盟友處徵集艦隊。

Ostia is razed by Gaius Marius as he comes back from Africa with an army to take Rome by force.

馬略率兵從希臘返回，要武力奪取羅馬，於是將Ostia夷為平地。

March 1 – Sulla captures Athens from the Pontic army, removing the tyrant Aristion.

三月一日，蘇拉從本都軍隊手中奪取雅典，將僭主Aristion趕下台。

Lucius Licinius Lucullus decisively defeats the Mithridatic fleet in the Battle of Tenedos.

Lucius Licinius Lucullus 在Tenedos海戰中決定性地擊敗了米特里答梯的艦隊。

The Roman forces of Lucius Cornelius Sulla defeat the Pontic forces of Archelaus in the Battle of Chaeronea.

蘇拉的羅馬軍隊在Chaeronea之戰中擊敗Archelaus的本都軍隊。

The Dardani ally with Pontus and are defeated by Sulla soon after.

之後不久，蘇拉又擊敗了與本都聯合的達達尼亞人。

Marius occupies Rome but demises. Then Cinna sends Flaccus to fight both Sulla and Mithridate, who however manages to win the allegiance of most of Flaccuss army. Therefore Flaccus marches through Thrace and plunders the people there. Then he decides to invade Minor Asia in that winter.

馬略佔領羅馬但去世了。秦納派遣弗拉庫斯掃蕩蘇拉和米特里答梯。然後後者贏得了弗拉庫斯大部分軍隊的忠心。於是弗拉庫斯穿過色雷斯，劫掠當地民眾。當年冬天，他又決定入侵小亞細亞。

First Mithridatic War: Lucius Cornelius Sulla again defeats Archelaus in the decisive Battle of Orchomenus.

第一次米特里答梯戰爭：蘇拉在Orchomenus之戰中決定性地擊敗了Archelaus。

After crossing the Hellespont, Flaccus was killed in a mutiny led by Flavius Fimbria, who went on to defeat Mithridates and recapture Pergamum.

渡過赫勒斯滂海峽之後，弗拉庫斯在軍隊嘩變中被Fimbria殺掉，後者繼續打敗了米特里答梯，佔領帕加馬。

The First Mithridatic War comes to an end.

第一次米特里答梯戰爭結束。

Lucius Cornelius Sulla returns to Italy from his campaigns in Greece and lands with his legions unopposed at Brundisium. He defeats Gaius Norbanus in the Battle of Mount Tifata.

蘇拉從希臘戰役脫身，率領軍團，未遭抵抗登陸布林迪西烏姆，然後又在Tifata山之戰中擊敗Gaius Norbanus。

Gnaeus Pompeius, age 22, raises on his own initiative a private army in Picenum.

22歲的龐貝率私兵在皮西烏姆起兵。

In 83 BC, after a bloody strife for the throne of Syria, governed by the Seleucids, the Syrians decided to choose Tigranes as the protector of their kingdom and offered him the crown of Syria.

前83年，在塞留古敘利亞王位刀光血影的爭奪之後，敘利亞人決定讓提格蘭特作為敘利亞的保護者，請他做敘利亞的王。（註：也有不同於這個傳統觀點的，認為提格蘭特是在前75年左右控制敘利亞）。

As a result of this war, Sulla won and was installed as dictator of Rome, but many Italian towns and cities were heavily damaged.

這次內鬥結束，蘇拉獲勝，成為羅馬的狄克忒多，但很多義大利城鎮變為丘墟。

Burebista unifies the Dacian population forming the first (and biggest) unified Dacian kingdom, on the territory of modern Romania and surroundings. 82 BC is also the starting year of his reign.

Burebista統一達西亞人，形成首個（也是最大的）統一的達西亞王國，王國範圍在今羅馬尼亞與周邊地區。前82年也是他的登基之年。