歐陸風雲——第一次布匿戰爭的開始

來自專欄歷史⑨課58 人贊了文章

我也不知道上一篇文章是什麼情況 導致專欄出現了能夠貼出但不出現在專欄發布公告的情況。

至於皮洛士，我想唱一首歌：

在屋檐下唱著你的歌? 在屋頂上扔著我的瓦?

我又想起一個英雄（皮洛士·迫真·分礦·阿爾戈斯）

（下面的第一張圖片來自PCGAME，侵刪。）

When Pyrrhus returns from Sicily, he finds himself vastly outnumbered by a superior Roman army . After the inconclusive Battle of Beneventum, Romans negotiate a peace with Pyrrhus, after which Pyrrhus decides to end his campaign in Italy and return to Epirus, which results in the loss of all his Italian holdings.

皮洛士從西西里回到義大利後，發現當面的羅馬軍隊在數量上要遠勝於己。在貝內文托之戰中，雙方未能決出勝負。羅馬與皮洛士議和，之後皮洛士決定結束義大利征程，回到伊庇魯斯，而這導致他喪失了自己在義大利的所有立足點。

When the Celts finally entered Asia Minor chaos ensued until the Celts were briefly routed by Antiochus army in the Battle of Elephants. In the aftermath of the battle the Celts withdrew to Phrygia, eventually settling in Galatia.

凱爾特人最終進入小亞細亞，混亂接踵而至。最終，安條克軍隊在象陣之戰中暫時趕跑了凱爾特人，結束了這一切。後來，凱爾特人撤退到弗里吉亞，最終定居在加拉太。

Pyrrhus returns from Italy and Sicily and invades Macedonia defeating Antigonus II Gonatas at the Battle of the Aous and conquering Upper Macedonia and Thessaly while Antigonus holds onto the coastal Macedonian towns.

皮洛士從義大利、西西里回國，入侵馬其頓，在Aous之戰中擊敗安提柯二世，征服上馬其頓和色薩利，而安提柯則防守沿海的馬其頓城鎮。

The Romans under Manius Curius Dentatus conquer the Lucanians.

Manius Curius Dentatus指揮羅馬人征服了Lucanian人。

Magas of Cyrene marries Apama, the daughter of Antiochus and uses his marital alliance to foment a pact to invade Egypt. He opens hostilities against his half brother Ptolemy II, by declaring his province of Cyrenaica to be independent and then attacks Egypt from the west as Antiochus I takes the Egyptian controlled areas in coastal Syria and southern Anatolia, after which he attacks Palestine.

昔蘭尼加的馬戈斯迎娶安條克女兒Apama，並以此姻親達成協議入侵埃及。他公開與自己的同母異父兄弟托勒密二世作對，在昔蘭尼加省份自立為王，從西向東進攻埃及；而安條克則佔領了埃及在敘利亞沿海控制的區域，入侵南安塔托利亞，在此之後又進攻巴勒斯坦。

The Seleucid king Antiochus I Soter is defeated by Egypts Ptolemy II during the First Syrian War. Ptolemy II annexes Miletus, Phoenicia and western Cilicia from Antiochus. As a result, Ptolemy II extends Egyptian rule as far as Caria and into most of Cilicia.

塞留古國王安條克一世在第一次敘利亞戰爭中被埃及托勒密二世擊敗。托勒密二世兼并了米利都、腓尼基和西西里西亞，埃及的統治範圍因此從卡利亞延展到西里西亞大部分。

Pyrrhus departure from southern Italy three years earlier leads to the Samnites finally being conquered by the Romans. With the surrender of Tarentum, the cities of Magna Graecia in southern Italy come under Roman influence and become Roman allies. Rome now effectively dominates all of the Italian peninsula.

皮洛士三年前從義大利離開，導致薩莫奈人最終被羅馬人征服。塔倫頓投降後，南義大利的大希臘城邦最終落入到羅馬影響範圍內，成為羅馬同盟。羅馬現在有效地控制了整個義大利半島。

Pyrrhus and his troops move onto Argos. Entering the city with his army by stealth, Pyrrhus finds himself caught in a confused battle with the Argives (who are supported by Antigonus forces) in the narrow city streets. During the confusion an old woman watching from a rooftop throws a roof tile at Pyrrhus which stuns him, allowing an Argive soldier to kill him.

皮洛士率軍進攻阿爾戈斯，潛入城中，發現等待他的是與阿爾戈斯人的在狹窄街道上的一場混戰（當時阿爾戈斯人支持安提柯）。一片混亂之中，一名老婦人從房頂向皮洛士扔去一片屋瓦，將其擊暈，阿爾戈斯戰士一擁而上，皮洛士陣亡。

With the restoration of the territories captured by Pyrrhus, and with grateful allies in Sparta and Argos, and garrisons in Corinth and other Greek key cities, Antigonus II securely controls Macedonia and Greece. Antigonus becomes the chief of the Thessalian League and is on good terms with neighbouring Illyria and Thrace.

安提柯收復皮洛士佔領的土地，讓斯巴達和阿爾戈斯的盟友心存感激，在科林斯和其它重要城市駐軍，牢固地控制了馬其頓和希臘。安提柯成為色薩利聯盟的領導，並與周邊伊利里亞和色雷斯有著良好的關係。

Romes subjugation of Italy is completed by the recapture of Rhegium (southern Italy) from the Mamertines and the defeat of the Brutians, the Lucanians, the Calabrians and the Samnites.

羅馬從Mamertine手中重奪萊吉翁（南義大利），擊敗Brutians、Lucanians、Calabrians以及薩莫奈人，完成對義大利的征服。

The Syracusan military leader, Hieron, defeats the Mamertines in a pitched battle at the Longanus River near Mylae, but Carthaginian forces intervene to prevent him from capturing Messana. His grateful countrymen then choose Hieron as their king and tyrant, to be known as Hieron II.

敘拉古軍事領導人Hieron在Mylae附近的Longanus河擊敗了西西里傭兵，然而迦太基插手，不想讓他拿下墨西拿。心懷感激的國人選擇Hieron做國王，即Hieron二世。

The Romans found a colony at Ariminum.

羅馬建立殖民地阿里米努姆。

Chremonides, an Athenian statesman and general, issues the Decree of Chremonides, creating an alliance between Sparta, Athens, and Ptolemy II of Egypt.

雅典政治家兼將軍Chremonides發布了Chremonides法令，形成了斯巴達、雅典與埃及托勒密二世之間的聯盟。

Macedonias King Antigonus II Gonatas has to deal with a rebellion by an Athenian-led coalition of Spartans, Athenians, Arcadians and Achaeans that tries to expel the Macedonian forces located in Greece. The rebellion has the support of Ptolemy II of Egypt.

馬其頓國王安提柯二世不得不面對雅典領導的斯巴達、雅典、阿卡迪亞以及亞該亞聯盟——他們得到托勒密二世的支持，目的是趕走馬其頓在希臘的駐軍。

In 267 BC, Rome conquered the Messapii and Brundisium.

公元前267年，羅馬征服了梅薩比人與布林迪西。

Hiero II threatens to renew his attack on the Mamertines. They appeal to Carthage and receive the support of a Carthaginian garrison. The Mamertines also appeal to the Romans who are also willing to help.

Hiero二世威脅再度進攻西西里傭兵。後者向迦太基求援，得到了迦太基駐軍的支持。西西里傭兵還向羅馬人求援，而這正中羅馬人下懷。

The Etruscan city of Volsinii is brought under Roman control.

伊斯特魯坎城市Volsiniii被羅馬（再度）控制。

The Roman troops deploy outside the city of Messina to defeat the Syracusans in battle forcing Hiero to retreat back to Syracuse. The next day they defeats the Carthaginians.

羅馬軍隊部署在墨西拿城外，打敗敘拉古人，迫使Hiero退回敘拉古。第二天羅馬人又擊敗了迦太基人。

The Romans secure the alliance of Hiero II of Syracuse. The treaty with Rome restricts Hieros kingdom to southeast Sicily and the eastern coast of Sicily as far as Tauromenium. From this date until his death, Hiero remains loyal to the Romans. The Romans capture Hadranum.

羅馬確保了與敘拉古Hiero二世之間的聯盟。根據雙方達成的協議，Hiero的王國僅限於東南西西里以及西西里東海岸（直至Tauromenium）。從此日開始到他去世結束，Hiero一直忠於羅馬。羅馬又佔領了Hadranum。

The Athenians and Spartans, worn down by several years of war and the devastation of their lands, make peace with Antigonus II of Macedonia who thus retains his hold on Greece.

雅典和斯巴達厭倦了數年的戰爭，受夠了土地的荒蕪，與馬其頓安提柯二世達成和議，安提柯二世繼續控制希臘。

Alexander II of Epirus attacks and conquers the greater part of Macedonia.

伊庇魯斯亞歷山大二世攻取了馬其頓大部。

After Athens surrenders following a long siege by Macedonian forces, Antigonus II Gonatas re-garrisons Athens and forbids the city from making war.

雅典在馬其頓長期圍攻下投降了。之後安提柯二世重新駐軍雅典，禁止雅典發動戰爭。

After the loss of Agrigentum, the Carthaginians retire to organise their fleet. In the meantime, the Romans sack Agrigentum and enslave its Greek inhabitants. The Romans are now determined to drive the Carthaginians out of Sicily.

丟失Agrigentum之後，迦太基軍隊撤退，組織艦隊。同時，羅馬洗劫了該城，奴役當地的希臘人居民。羅馬人決定將迦太基趕出西西里。

Antiochus I tries to break the growing power of Pergamum by force of arms. Eumenes I, the new ruler of Pergamum, liberates his city from the overlordship of the Seleucids by defeating the army of Antiochus I near Sardis, and thereby establishing an independent city-state.

安條克一世試圖用武力打斷不斷增長的帕加馬勢力。帕加馬新統治者Eumenes一世在薩迪斯附近擊敗安條克一世的軍隊，將帕加馬從塞留古的霸權中解放出來，自此自立。

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