Bilingual·Foreign Business｜駕駛座位上的城市

大家好！「外企頭條」欄目又跟大家見面了，我們今天推出西門子發布的一份研究報告，呼籲城市為自動駕駛車輛的到來做好規劃。請看詳細報道↓↓↓

西門子日前發布的一份報告指出，互聯與自動駕駛車輛（CAV）的出現有可能對全球城市造成重大和顛覆性的衝擊。

The advent of connected and autonomous vehicles (CAV) has the potential to cause major and disruptive changes to cities worldwide, a report launched by Siemens indicates. 

這份名為《駕駛座位上的城市》的報告強調城市需要及時規劃布局，並應對解決更廣泛背景下的出行變革問題。

The report 「Cities in the Driving Seat」 stresses the need for cities to plan early and tackle the issue in a wider context of mobility transformations. 

該研究報告在新加坡舉行的世界城市峰會上發布，探討了城市發展、公共交通政策、電力供應、污染以及CAV在城市交通中所佔份額的增長等方面相互依存的關係問題。

Launched at the World Cities Summit in Singapore the study explores the interdependencies between urban development, public transportation policies, power supply, pollution and the increasing share of CAV in city traffic. 

來自於西門子全球城市能力中心的作者們認為，缺乏中期規劃和延遲對基礎設施的投資可能會對社會、經濟和環境產生負面影響。

Lack of mid-term planning and delayed investments in infrastructure could create negative social, economic and environmental effects, the authors from Siemens』 Global Center of Competence for Cities argue. 

西門子全球城市能力中心城市發展和環境總監Pete Daw表示：「自動駕駛車輛必須成為城市地區更廣泛變革中的一部分。城市需要確保把人放在首要地位，而不是汽車，否則我們將有可能重蹈覆轍。

「Autonomous vehicles must be part of a wider transformation of urban areas. Cities need to ensure that they work towards putting people first – and not cars, or we risk repeating the mistakes of the past. said Pete Daw, Urban Development and Environment Director, Siemens Global Center of Competence Cities.

採用互聯與自動駕駛車輛，將極大地改變我們城市的未來，並在氣候變化、空氣質量及公共健康等多方面塑造未來趨勢。」

The future of our cities could look very different with the adoption of connected and autonomous vehicles and they could help shape future trends in climate change, air quality, public health and more,」 

「駕駛座椅上的城市——城市發展中的互聯與自動駕駛車輛」就城市在CAV時代的到來時所面臨的機遇和風險提出了深刻的洞見。

「Cities in the Driving Seat – Connected and Autonomous Vehicles in Urban Development」 provides insights into opportunities as well as risks for cities faced with the arrival of CAV. 

該研究匯總了涵蓋氣候、健康、可行性、設計和建築多個領域的行業專家的觀點。

The study includes thought-leadership pieces from industry experts covering topics like climate, health, accessibility, design and architecture. 

此外，報告還介紹了自動駕駛車輛的主要優勢及潛在風險，同時研究了使用自動駕駛車輛的各種場景，研究表明根據使用方式的不同將直接影響結果。

In addition, the report describes the key benefits and potential risks of autonomous ?vehicles. It examines scenarios for adopting autonomous vehicles which illustrate how outcomes could differ significantly depending on how they are adopted.

CAV將有潛力帶來巨大的變革，其優勢包括：

The potential for CAV to bring transformative change is huge. The benefits include:

解決「第一與最後一英里」的出行問題，提升公共交通能力；

First and last mile trips that will strengthen public transport;

減少噪音、空氣污染和溫室氣體排放；

Reduction of noise, air pollution and greenhouse gas emissions;

減少道路交通事故傷亡人數；全球每年有125萬人因道路交通事故而喪生，其中有90%的事故是人為原因所造成的；

Decrease of number of road fatalities and injuries; annually 1.25 million lives are lost around the world due to road collisions, with some 90 percent of these collisions the result of human error;

改善年輕人、老年人、殘疾人和邊緣化人群的出行；

Expanded mobility access to the young, elderly, impaired and marginalized;

將目前用於停車和道路用地轉變為綠地、住房、學校以及受保護的自行車道等；

Repurposing of land currently used for parking and roadways into green space, housing, schools, protected cycle lanes, etc.

通過車輛與城市基礎設施之間的連接和通信，提高行車效率和安全性。

Greater efficiencies and safety through the connection and communication of vehicles with city infrastructure

然而，如果沒有明確的和完善的政策和法規，CAV的到來可能會產生一些負面影響，例如：

However, without clear and thoughtful policies and regulations the arrival of CAV could result in negative consequences, such as:

如果CAV的排放未被規定為低碳或零碳，將會對氣候變化產生持續影響；

Continuation of effects of climate change if CAV are not regulated to be low or zero-carbon;

如果個人更傾向於使用自有CAV而非共享交通系統，那麼車輛擁有率將不會下降；

No decrease in vehicle ownership if individuals prefer their own CAV instead of adopting a shared transport system;

閑置CAV可能造成交通擁堵，並且需要佔用不必要的停車位；

Unused CAV may cause congestion and require unnecessary parking space;

如果人們將通勤方式從步行、騎自行車或乘坐公共交通轉向乘坐CAV，那麼車輛行駛里程將會增加。

Increase of vehicle miles traveled if individuals alter their commute from walking, cycling or taking public transport to using CAV.

為了實現自動化和實施CAV的最大效益，報告建議應綜合考慮和應用四種交通變革的優勢：自動化、電氣化、數字連接和共享出行。

To maximize the benefits of automation and of the introduction of CAV, the report recommends harnessing the advance of four transformations in unison: automation, electrification, digital connectivity and shared mobility. 

單獨採用某一種變革可能會導致不良後果或影響潛在效果。

Adopting mobility transformations in isolation could lead to adverse outcomes or detract from potential benefits. 

本次研究定義了三種可能的場景來闡明城市不同的願景和政策將會帶來的不同結果。

The study defines three possible scenarios to illustrate how outcomes could vary depending on the vision and policies that a city puts in place.

理想城市場景假設共享出行方式成為常態，私家車擁有率下降，停車位釋放出來並改造成學校、醫院和新的住房，大多數車輛為由清潔能源供電的電動車。

The strong city scenario assumes that shared mobility becomes the norm and private car ownership declines, that parking space is unlocked and retrofitted as schools, hospitals, and new housing units and that most vehicles are electric and powered by clean energy grids.

「一切如常」場景提供了對未來移動出行的一種展望，即未來出行並沒有以一致的願景或有效的政策為指導。

The business-as-usual scenario?provides an outlook of future mobility that is not guided by a coherent vision or effective policies. 

汽車自動化和電氣化所假設的革命並沒有大規模鋪開，私人用車仍然保持常態，幾乎沒有城市土地得到釋放，只有少數CAV 是電動的。

The assumed revolutions in vehicle automation and electrification do not lift off at scale, and private usage remains the norm, little urban land is unlocked and only a minority of CAV are electric.

在「CAV作為奢侈商品」的場景中，CAV 仍然較為稀有，擁有私家汽車為常態，共享汽車和共享出行仍然是一個小眾概念，隨著時間的推移，公共交通的使用量迅速減少。

In the CAV-as-a-luxury-good scenario CAV remain an exclusive rarity, private car-ownership is the norm, shared vehicles and shared trips remain a niche concept and public transport usage decreases rapidly over time. 

汽車推動個人出行，仍然使用內燃發動機，二氧化碳排放量比以往任何時候都多。

Vehicles promote individual trips and still utilize internal combustion engines, causing more CO2 emissions than ever before.

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來源 / 

經濟日報（記者陳頤、朱琳）、綜合果殼網

編輯 / 胡達聞