?歐陸風雲—帕加馬：羅馬永遠是我大哥！

09-11

?歐陸風雲—帕加馬：羅馬永遠是我大哥！

來自專欄歷史⑨課53 人贊了文章

The Romans cut the Seleucid king Antiochus III off from his reinforcements in Thrace and outflank his position at the pass of Thermopylae in the Battle of Thermopylae. With the remainder of his troops, Antiochus flees to Chalcis on Euboea and from there he retreats by sea to Ephesus.

羅馬軍隊切斷了塞留古安條克三世與其色雷斯援軍的聯繫，在溫泉關之戰中，於溫泉關側翼包抄了安條克三世。安條克三世率領余部逃往優卑亞的查爾基斯，又從那裡經海路逃往以弗所。

With the increasingly real threat to his Empire from the Romans, Antiochus III is eager to negotiate on the basis of Romes previous demands, but the Romans insist that he first give up the region west of the Taurus Mountains. When Antiochus refuses, the Battle of Magnesia is fought near Magnesia ad Sipylum, on the plains of Lydia in Anatolia, between the Romans with their ally Eumenes II of Pergamum, and the army of Antiochus III the Great of the Seleucid Empire. The resulting decisive Roman victory ends the conflict with the Seleucids for the control of Greece.

羅馬人對塞琉古帝國的真正威脅與日俱增，安條克三世急於按照羅馬人先前的條件求和。然而羅馬堅持要求安條克三世放棄托羅斯山脈以西的地區。安條克三世拒絕，於是雙方在安塔托利亞的呂底亞平原上的Magnesia ad Sipylum進行了Magnesia戰役，羅馬及其盟友帕加馬Eumenes二世對陣塞琉古帝國軍隊。最終，羅馬取得決定性的勝利，塞琉古控制希臘的鬥爭成果就此付諸東流。

The Romans along with a Pergamene army under Eumenes II defeat the Galatians in Anatolia and make them subjects of Pergamum.

羅馬軍隊與Eumenes二世的帕加馬軍隊擊敗了安塔托利亞的加拉太人，使其向帕加馬俯首稱臣。

Through the peace treaty of Apamea (in Phrygia), the Romans force the Seleucid king, Antiochus III, to surrender all his Greek and Anatolian possessions as far east as the Taurus Mountains, to pay 15,000 talents over a period of 12 years and to surrender to Rome the former Carthaginian general Hannibal, his elephants and his fleet, and furnish hostages, including the kings eldest son, Demetrius. Rome is now the master of the eastern Mediterranean while Antiochus IIIs empire is reduced to Syria, Mesopotamia, and western Iran.

通過Apamea（位於弗里吉亞）和約，羅馬強迫塞留古國王安條克三世交出所有遠至托羅斯山脈的希臘和安塔托利亞領地，在12年內賠償15,000塔蘭特，向羅馬交出前迦太基將軍漢尼拔、漢尼拔象隊和艦隊，並以國王長子Demetrius赴羅馬為質。羅馬成為東地中海的主人，安條克三世的帝國則縮減到敘利亞、美索不達米亞和西伊朗。

As another beneficiary of the war between Rome and Seluecid, Macedonia successfully reconquests the cities in Thessaly and Thrace, which arouses the suspect of Rome for fear of its further expansion.

作為羅馬-塞留古戰爭的另一個受益方，馬其頓成功再征服了色薩利和色雷斯的城市，這引起了羅馬的懷疑，深恐馬其頓進一步擴張。

The Achaean League might have already managed to control Messene by -184, which will fight against the league in the next year.

至前184年亞該亞聯盟可能已經控制了麥西納，否則次年他們不會起來反抗。

Philip V of Macedonia is convinced to give up the newly reconquested land in Thrace by the Romans.

羅馬方面「勸說」馬其頓腓力五世放棄最近再征服獲得的色雷斯地區。

Rome founds a colony at Aquileia, on the narrow strip of land between the mountains and the lagoons, as a frontier fortress to check the advance of the Illyrians.

羅馬建立阿奎利亞殖民地。這片殖民地位於山嶺與潟湖之間的狹窄土地上，是扼制伊利里亞人前進的前線堡壘。

Pharnaces I of Pontus decides to attack both Eumenes II of Pergamum and Ariarathes IV of Cappadocia and therefore invades Galatia with a large force.

本都Pharnaces一世進攻帕加馬Eumenes二世和卡帕多西亞Ariarathes四世，率大軍入侵加拉太。

Romans commence their second stage of conquest Hispania.

羅馬開始第二階段的征服西班牙。

Rome subjugated of almost all of Italy with the defeat of the Ligurians in a battle near modern Genoa.

羅馬在熱那亞附近擊敗了利古里亞人，成為幾乎整個義大利的主人。

Eumenes II of Pergamum defeats Pharnaces I of Pontus in a major battle. Finding himself unable to cope with the combined forces of Eumenes and Ariarathes IV of Cappadocia, Pharnaces is compelled to purchase peace by ceding all his conquests in Galatia and Paphlagonia, with the exception of Sinope.

帕加馬Eumenes二世在一場大戰中擊敗了本都Pharnaces一世。Pharnaces一世發現自己無法應對帕加馬和卡帕多西亞聯軍，只好讓出自己征服的加拉太和帕弗拉戈尼亞（錫諾普除外）。

After two military campaigns, the Romans finally subdue the Illyrian tribe of the Histri.

在兩次軍事鬥爭之後，羅馬最終降服了伊利里亞部落Histri。

Luni in northern Italy is founded by the Romans with the name Luna at the mouth of the Magra River.

羅馬在北義大利的Magra河口建立Luna城，即後來的Luni城。

More Ligurian tribes including Garuli, Hercates, and Lapicini are conquered by the Romans.

加魯里、赫爾卡特、拉皮西尼等利古里亞人部落被羅馬征服。