【聽力】托福聽力推斷題,為何你又雙叒叕錯了?
來自專欄飛貓TOEFLの備考小貼士4 人贊了文章
僅以此文,助力那些見到推斷題就認慫的人們...
在本周的課程當中出現的一個問題是,有童鞋總是總是總是錯推斷題,甚至於遇到推斷題就被秒殺。
為什麼會有這樣的情況呢?要知道答案,就先要了解什麼是推斷題。官方指南說,In this type of question you usually have to reach a conclusion based on facts presented in the listening passage.我們把指南拆成兩部分看:
一,推斷題要基於原文中出現過的事實信息(fact)
二,推斷題要我們總結出一個結論(fact)。
Ok,現在我們知道了推斷題是什麼,接下來就要看我們是怎麼錯的了。我們先來看下這道題(建議大家自己聽一下原文,從TPO15的Conversation 2的00:26~00:42):
What does the professor imply when he mentions his experience playing soccer in college?
A. The woman should participate in a sport that takes less of her time.
B. The woman may not have enough time to study for class.
C. The woman is not trying hard enough to do well in the class.
D. The woman should be satisfied with the results of her exam.
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沒有音頻的那就直接看原文吧:
P: Athletics place a heavy demand on your time, don 』 t they?
S: Yeah, but I really love competing, so …
P: You know I played soccer in college and my biggest challenge, and I didn』t
always succeed, was getting my studying in during soccer season. Are you
having a similar …?
S: No, I … I really do make time to study. And I actually study more for this
class than I do for all my other classes. But I didn』t see the grade I
expected on my mid-term exam, which is why I came by.
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你的答案是A么?在我印象中好幾個童鞋都選了A。如果是,那你就掉入了推斷題很經典的一道坑:過度推斷。
什麼是過度推斷?簡單來說就是原文給你的信息(fact)是1+1=2,你可以從這個信息推斷出1+1+1=3,但你得出的信息(conclusion)卻是1×1=1。誠然你得出的結論是一個大家都接受的事實,但卻不能夠由原文中的fact合理推測出的。
A選項就是這種情況,教授表達出的信息是自己當年踢足球的時候很難在賽季期間顧及到自己的學業,並且問女生』are you having a similar...?』。我們可以合理推斷出他得意思是說你是不是有同樣得問題,因此B選項才是正確的。而A選項哪裡錯了呢?誠然,這個女生如果參與一個佔用時間較少得活動就不會那麼耽擱她得學習時間了,但這一個結論卻不能從老師給出的fact得出。
同樣是這道題,有至少兩個同學告訴我說他們沒選B是因為「我覺得老師都是比較溫文爾雅的,B選項有點mean(刻薄的)了,會不會不太符合老師的...形象?」。好吧,作為一名老師,我想說,老師和大家一樣也有mean的時候呀,語氣mean一點有什麼不對呢?不要因為這個原因排除一些選項啊。我們的推斷題有些時候要從老師的語氣當中體會老師的意思,而老師的語氣有positive也有negative的時候,比如我們來看這道重聽題(原音:OG3的Conversation 1的00:00~00:23):
What does the man imply when he says this(原音:00:19~00:23)?
A. He knows the physics class has been canceled.
B. He is not sure where the science building is.
C. Many of the room assignments have been changed.
D. The woman can check for herself where her class is.
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原文:
S: Excuse me, uh, I』m supposed to be having my physics class in the science building, but no ones in the classroom .. . Could you tell me where the class is? Physics 403? Has it been moved?
R: Well, there』s a room assignment sheet on the bulletin board outside this office (重聽句). . .
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這道題你選的是哪個答案呢?正確答案是D。老師的語氣聽上去有些不耐煩,能感覺出他就是不太想管學生的問題的,他其實是想說「外面有張表你自己可以看啊(不用我來解釋)」。因此,有時候老師的語氣就是negative的。從這裡,我們注意到推斷題的第二個坑:不明語氣。
接著往下講,下一個我們在做推斷題的時候愛犯的錯是,選擇信息在原文中出現過的選項。這是我們在做細節題的時候用到的方法,而細節題是細節題,推斷題是推斷題。在做細節題的時候我們要找的正確選項應該是在原文當中個出現過的,而在做推斷題的時候你卻應該避免選擇出現原文細節的信息。道理很簡單,推斷題讓我從原文信息中得出一個結論,顯然這個結論就不應該在原文中提到。舉個例子(TPO18的Conversation2的01:50~02:25):
What does the professor imply about the owners of Fox』s Diner?
A. They would probably do a favor for her.
B. They are unlikely to grant the man』s request.
C. They would enjoy participating in the research study.
D. They often advertise on television.
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原文:
P: Ok well, we don』t want you missing class. How』s Thursday?
S; Oh, I work from 5 till 9 that night.
P: Hmm, no flexibility with your schedule? Where do you work?
S: At Fox』s Diner, as a server.
P: Oh, I love Fox』s. I eat there every week. Maybe you could switch shifts with someone.
S: I』m still in training. And the only night my trainer works is Thursday.
P: Look! I know the owners there really well. Why don』t you let me give them a call and explain the situation?
S: OK! It』d be cool to be part of a real research study. And the gift certificate wouldn』t hurt either.
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這道題的正確答案是A。我們來看看B選項為什麼錯,首先request在原文中確實有出現學生想要向老闆請假的信息,因此我們就要懷疑了,你要告訴自己「這道題是推斷題而不是細節題」。分析一下,原文老師既然認識店主,自然店主同意學生的要求可能性要大一些,而B剛好說反。同樣,C選項research study完全是文章中的原詞,要懷疑。仔細分析下C,餐廳老闆會很高興參加這個研究項目,顯然這是個無厘頭的選項嘛,研究是給學生做的,餐廳老闆是做生意的,跑去做什麼研究?呃呃呃...這就是我要說的第三個坑:亂用細節!
Ok,這就是這周上課我的一點課程總結,希望大家看到推斷題的時候想想今天講的三個坑,多練習多反思,推斷題自然就不再是你的眼中釘了~
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