谷歌翻譯中的 /?p?NGkCHo?o?āSH?n/ 是什麼音標？和常見的國際音標有什麼不同？

嚴格來說這不算是音標 (Phonetic alphabet), 而是一種 Pronunciation respelling——從字面理解，就是根據單詞的發音將其重拼。(Pronunciation respelling for English). Pronunciation respelling 有很多種，前面的維基百科鏈接中給出了數種標音方式與 IPA 的對照。

熟悉英語發音規則的人可以通過這種拼寫方式讀出單詞。對於母語為英語而沒有學習過國際音標的人來說，這種標音方式顯然比國際音標更為實用。

Key to pronunciations (US English dictionary) | Oxford Dictionaries

A simple respelling system is used to show how entries are pronounced.

The letters b, d, f, h, k, l, m, n, p, r, s, t, v, and z have their usual English values.

Other symbols are used as follows:

#Consonants#

respelling symbol Example

/g/ as in get

/CH/ as in chip

/j/ as in jar

/KH/ as in loch

/NG/ as in ring

/TH/ as in thin

/T?H/ as in this

/SH/ as in she

/ZH/ as in decision

/y/ as in yes

/(h)w/ as in when

#Vowels#

respelling symbol Example

/a/ as in cat

/e/ as in bed

/?/ as in ago, run, person

/i/ as in sit

/i/ as in cosy

/?/ as in hot, arm

/o?o/ as in put, poor

/e(?)r/ as in hair

/ē/ as in see

/?/ as in saw

/o?o/ as in too

/ī/ as in my

/ou/ as in how

/ā/ as in day

/ō/ as in no

/i(?)r/ as in near

/oi/ as in boy

/?/ (foreign) as in Goethe, French boeuf

/?/ (foreign) as in Utrecht, French rue.

/N/ (foreign) Does not represent a separate sound; it indicates that the preceding vowel is nasalised, as in French bon.

In polysyllabic words the symbol ? is used to show that the following syllable is stressed, as in cabal /k??b?l/. The symbol ? indicates a secondary stress, as in collocation /?k?l??kāSH?n/.

註：

1. 兩個字母表示一個音，所以大寫。如 /CH/、/SH/等。
2. 牛津詞典原網更新後已刪去表示外語發音的符號。

這是牛津詞典用於美式英語的音標（Pronunciation symbols）。韋氏音標、AHD音標等音標同屬此類母語者使用的傳統音標。

按語音系統將單詞重新拼寫即為 Respelling；若在單詞上直接標音，則為 Self-pronouncing。

一般僅需記住：

(ā, ē, ī, ō, ū) 表示國際音標的 /e?, i?, a?, o?, ju?/；

(?, ?, ?, ?, ?) 表示國際音標的 /?, ?, ?, ?, ?/。

這樣同類的音標就能夠輕易掌握了。