歐陸風雲——漢尼拔的獠牙

來自專欄歷史⑨課44 人贊了文章

The Carthaginian general Hamilcar Barca is killed in a battle in Hispania, ending his lengthy campaign to conquer the Iberian Peninsula for Carthage.

迦太基將軍哈密爾卡在西班牙陣亡，結束了他長達數年的迦太基伊比利亞征服戰。

King Attalus I Soter of Pergamum defeats Antiochus Hierax in three battles and thereby gains control over all the Seleucid domains in Anatolia except Cilicia in the southeast.

帕加馬國王Attalus一世三戰三捷，擊敗了安條克·希拉克斯，獲得了塞留古在安塔利亞的所有領土（東南方的西里西亞除外）。

Sardinia and Corsica are made a combined province. Rome appoints, and in the future annually elects, two praetors for this province and for Sicily.

薩丁尼亞和科西嘉混為一省。羅馬為該省和西西里任命了兩名裁判官（未來則是一年一選）。

The Spartan King Cleomenes III captures Mantineia and defeats the Achaean League under Aratus of Sicyon at Hecatombaeum, near Dyme in north-eastern Elis.

斯巴達國王Cleomenes三世奪取了Mantineia，並在Elis東北Dyme附近的Hecatombaeum擊敗了西西翁的Aratus。

A coalition of Cisalpine Gallic tribes (Taurini, Taurisces, Insubres, Lingones, Salasses, Agones, and Boii), reinforced by large numbers Gaesatae (Gaesati), invade Italy. Avoiding the Romans at Ariminum, the Gauls cross the Apennines into Etruria, plunder the country.

山內高盧部落聯盟 (Taurini, Taurisces, Insubres, Lingones, Salasses, Agones, 以及Boii人)，以及大批Gaesatae人援軍入侵義大利。他們躲避阿里米奴姆的羅馬軍隊，跨過阿爾卑斯山進入伊特魯里亞，擄掠該國。

After the Spartan King Cleomenes III takes Pellene, Phlius and Argos, Aratus of Sicyon is forced to call upon King Antigonus III of Macedonia for assistance. Antigonus IIIs forces fail to pierce Cleomenes lines near Corinth, but a revolt against Cleomenes at Argos put the Spartans on the defensive.

斯巴達國王Cleomenes三世奪取Pellene、Phlius和阿爾戈斯之後，西西翁的Aratus不得不向馬其頓安提柯三世求援。馬其頓軍隊未能突破Cleomenes在科林斯附近的防線，但阿爾戈斯針對Cleomenes的反抗不得不讓斯巴達人處於守勢。

The Romans decisively defeat the coalition of Cisalpine Gallic tribes at the Battle of Telamon thus extending Roman influence over northern Italy.

羅馬人在捷拉孟戰鬥中決定性地擊敗了山內高盧部落的聯盟，就此將羅馬勢力擴展到北義大利。

The king of Macedonia, Antigonus III, restores Macedonian influence in the Peloponnese for the first time in almost two decades. After signing alliances with the Achaeans, Boeotians, Thessalians and the Acarnanians, Antigonus invades the Peloponnese and drives the Spartans out of Argos, taking Orchomenus and Mantineia in the process.

將近20年以來，馬其頓國王安提柯三世首次恢復了馬其頓對伯羅奔尼撒的影響。在與亞該亞人、比奧提亞人、色薩利人以及阿卡納尼亞人簽訂盟約之後，安提柯入侵伯羅奔尼撒，將斯巴達人趕出阿爾戈斯，順便佔領了Orchomenus和Mantineia。

Mediolanum (modern Milan), stronghold of the Gallic tribe of the Insubres, falls to Roman legions in Lombardy.

高盧因蘇布里部落的據點麥狄奧拉努姆（現代米蘭）被現代倫巴第地區的羅馬軍團攻陷。

Cleomenes III of Sparta is defeated in the Battle of Sellasia by Antigonus III, and flees to Egypt under the protection of King Ptolemy III. Antigonus IIIs forces occupy Sparta, which is the first time this city has ever been occupied.

斯巴達Cleomenes三世在Sellasia之戰中被安提柯三世擊敗，逃到埃及，被托勒密三世保護起來。安提柯三世佔領斯巴達，這是斯巴達首次落入他人之手。

The Seleucid forces succeed in winning back from Pergamum all the Seleucid domains in Anatolia lost six years earlier.

塞留古軍隊成功恢復所有6年之前塞留古丟給帕加馬的安塔托利亞疆域。

Hannibal immediately moves to consolidate Carthages control of Spain. He marries a Spanish princess, Imilce, then begins to conquer various Spanish tribes. He fights against the Olcades and captures their capital, Althaea; quells the Vaccaei in the northwest; and, making the seaport of Cartagena his base, wins a resounding victory over the Carpetani in the region of the Tagus River.

漢尼拔立即動身鞏固迦太基對西班牙的控制。他首先迎娶了西班牙公主Imilce，然後開始征服各個西班牙部落。他攻打Olcades，奪取他們的首都Althaea；平息了西北的Vaccaei人；然後將新迦太基海港作為基地，大勝塔戈斯河區域的Carpetani人。

The satrap of Media, Molon, and his brother, Alexander, revolt against Antiochus III, primarily due to their hatred towards Hermeias, Antiochus chief minister. Molon is able to become master of the Seleucid domains to the east of the Tigris.

米底總督Molon與其兄弟亞歷山大起兵清安條克三世之君側。主要原因是他們痛恨安條克相國Hermeias。Molon成為底格里斯河以東塞留古帝國的主人。

Rome strikes again against the Illyrian pirates precipitating the Second Illyrian War.

羅馬對伊利里亞海盜再次發起打擊，由此爆發第二次伊利里亞戰爭。

Antiochus III instead marches against Molon, defeating and killing him and his brother Alexander on the bank of the Tigris.

安條克三世進兵，在底格里斯河邊敗殺莫倫及其兄弟亞歷山大。

Antiochus IIIs commander in Anatolia, Achaeus, having recovered all the districts which Attalus of Pergamum has gained, is accused by Hermeias, the chief minister of Antiochus, of intending to revolt. In self-defence, Achaeus assumes the title of king and rules over the Anatolian parts of the Seleucid kingdom.

安條克三世在安塔利亞的指揮官阿凱烏斯收復了所有帕加馬Attalus佔領的區域，但被安條克相國Hermeias指摘圖謀反亂。為了自保，阿凱烏斯稱王，控制塞留古王國的安塔托利亞地區。

Egypts Syrian territories are seriously threatened by Antiochus III, thus initiating the Fourth Syrian War. When the Seleucid ruler captures the important eastern Mediterranean sea ports of Seleucia-in-Pieria, Tyre and Phonecia.

埃及的敘利亞疆域被安條克三世嚴重地威脅著，由此爆發了第四次敘利亞戰爭。塞留古奪取了地中海東岸重要的Seleucia-in-Pieria、泰爾以及腓尼基等地。

The Romans extend their area of domination around the head of the Adriatic Sea as far as the peninsula of Histria by the conquest of peoples who dwell to the east of the Veneti. Thus, with the exception of Liguria and the upper valley of the Po River, all Italy south of the Alps is brought within the Roman sphere.

羅馬將控制範圍擴張到亞得里亞海頭，並征服維尼提人以東的居民，控制了伊斯特里亞半島。由此，除了利古利亞以及波河的上游谷地，阿爾卑斯山以南的所有義大利地區都被羅馬納入到控制範圍之中。

Hannibal lays siege to Saguntum, thus initiating the Second Punic War between Carthage and Rome.

漢尼拔圍攻薩貢托，引發了羅馬和迦太基的第二次布匿戰爭。