標準八哥犬有什麼典型特徵

來自專欄中國純種犬文化4 人贊了文章

註：該標準中文版翻譯自FCI國際純種犬標準英文版，已發佈於CKU新官網-犬種百科

16.02.2011 / EN

FCI-國際純種犬標準第 253 號

PUG

八哥犬

本圖片並不一定代表該犬種的理想例子

ORIGIN: China.

起源：中國

Date of acceptance on a definitive basis by the FCI: 13.10.2010.

FCI正式認可日期：2010年10月13日

DATE OF PUBLICATION OF THE OFFICIAL VALID STANDARD: 04.07.2011.

正式生效標準發布日期：2011年2月16日

UTILIZATION: Companion Dog

用途：伴侶犬

FCI-CLASSIFICATION:

Group 9 Companion and Toy Dogs

Section 11 Small Molossian type dogs.

Without working trial.

FCI分組：

第9組 伴侶犬、玩具犬

第11類 小型獒犬類

無需工作測試

BRIEF HISTORICAL SUMMARY:

Acertainamountof speculation has taken place regarding the origin of this breed, which would seem to have come from the Orient. His home country is listed as China, where snub-nosed dogs have always been in favour. He found his way to Europe with traders of the Dutch East India Company and as far back as the 1500s was being admired in the Netherlands. In fact, the Pug became the symbol for the royal patriots.

The Pug arrived in England when William III came to the throne. Until 1877 the breed was seen here only in fawn but in that year a black pair was introduced from the Orient.

歷史沿革：

關於該犬種的起源有過很多猜測，後來人們認為其起源國會是東方國家。現已將中國定為八哥犬的起源國，因為在中國一直偏愛鼻子扁平的犬只。16世紀，荷蘭東印度公司貿易商將該犬種引入了歐洲國家並受到了荷蘭人的追捧。八哥犬實際上已成為皇家愛國者的象徵。

威廉三世統治時期，八哥犬又被引入英格蘭。到1877年時，也僅能看到淺黃褐色的八哥犬，但同年又從中國引入了一對黑色八哥犬。

GENERAL APPEARANCE:

Decidedly square and cobby, it is 「multum in parvo」 shown in compactness of form, well knit proportions and hardness of muscle, but never to appear low on legs, nor lean and leggy.

整體外貌：

明顯呈方形，矮壯結實。體形緊湊、勻稱，肌肉硬實，但腿不可太短，也不可為細長型。

IMPORTANT PROPORTIONS:

Decidedly square and cobby.

重要比例：明顯呈方形，矮壯結實。

BEHAVIOUR/TEMPERAMENT:

Great charm, dignity and intelligence. Even-tempered, happy and lively disposition.

行為/秉性：

非常迷人、尊貴、聰明。性情平和、快樂、活潑。

HEAD: 頭部

CRANIAL REGION: 顱部區域

HEAD：Relatively large and in proportion to body, round, not apple-headed.

頭部：較大，與身體大小相稱，圓形但非蘋果頭。

Skull: With no indentation. Wrinkles on forehead clearly defined without exaggeration.

頭骨：無凹痕。前額有明顯皺褶，程度適中不誇張。

FACIAL REGION: 面部區域

Nose: Black with fairly large well opened nostrils. Pinched nostrils and heavy over nose wrinkle is unacceptable and should be heavily penalised.

鼻：黑色，鼻孔大且開。鼻孔緊縮、高過鼻筋均不可接受，應嚴格罰分。

Muzzle: Relatively short, blunt, square, not upfaced. Eyes or nose never adversely affected or obscured by over nose wrinkle.

口吻：相對較短，鈍，成方形，不上翹。鼻筋不可嚴重影響到犬隻眼睛或鼻子。

Jaws/Teeth: Slightly undershot. Wide lower jaw with incisors almost in a straight line. Wry mouth, teeth or tongue showing all highly undesirable and should be heavily penalised.

頜/牙齒：下頜略微突出。下頜寬，同門齒幾乎成一條直線。嘴、牙或舌歪斜為嚴重不合乎要求，應嚴懲。

Eyes: Dark, relatively large, round in shape, soft and solicitous in expression, very lustrous, and when excited, full of fire. Never protruding, exaggerated or showing white when looking straight ahead. Free from obvious eye problems.

眼睛：黑，較大，圓，目光溫柔、熱切，眼神明亮，興奮時熱情如火。前視時，眼珠不可前凸、太過誇張或露出眼白。無明顯眼疾。

Ears: Thin, small, soft like black velvet. Two kinds – 「Rose ear」 - small drop-ear which folds over and back to reveal the burr. 「Button ear」 - ear flap folding forward, tip lying close to skull to cover opening. Preference given to latter.

耳朵：薄、小、柔軟如黑色天鵝絨。分兩種："玫瑰耳"--小、下垂，向後摺疊，露出毛口；"鈕扣耳"--耳向前摺疊，耳尖緊貼頭骨，指向眼睛，並將耳孔覆蓋。耳朵的形狀最好為後者。

NECK: Slightly arched to resemble a crest, strong, thick with enough length to carry head proudly.

頸部：略微拱起如冠，粗壯，其長度足以使頭昂起。

BODY: 軀幹

BODY: Short and cobby.

軀幹：短，矮小結實。

Topline：Level, neither roached nor dipping.

背線：水平，不拱起也不下塌。

Chest: Broad in chest. Ribs well sprung and carried well back.

胸：寬。肋骨擴張良好，適度向後。

TAIL: High-set, tightly curled over hip. Double curl highly desirable.

尾：尾跟高，緊緊捲曲於臀部之上。最好為雙卷。

LIMBS: 四肢

FOREQUARTERS: 前軀

Shoulder : Well sloped.

肩：適度傾斜。

Forearm: Legs very strong, straight, of moderate length, and well under body.

前臂：四肢非常強壯，筆直、長度適中，位於身體正下方。

Forefeet: Neither so long as the foot of the hare, nor so round as that of the cat; well split up toes; the nails black.

前足：既不象兔腳那樣長，也不如貓腳那樣圓，腳趾分開良好，趾甲為黑色。

LIMBS: 四肢

HINDQUARTERS: 後軀

General appearance: Legs very strong, of moderate length, well under body, straight and parallel when viewed from rear.

整體外觀：四肢非常強壯，長度適中，位於身體正下方，從後面看，筆直且平行。

Stifle (Knee): With good turn of stifle.

膝關節：膝關節彎曲度良好。

Hind feet: Neither so long as the foot of the hare, nor so round as that of the cat; well split up toes; the nails black.

後足：既不象兔腳那樣長，也不如貓腳那樣圓，腳趾分開良好，趾甲為黑色。

GAIT/MOVEMENT:

Viewed from in front should rise and fall with legs well under shoulder, feet keeping directly to front, not turning in or out. From behind action just as true. Using forelegs strongly putting them well forward with hindlegs moving freely and using stifles well. A slight roll of hindquarters typifies gait. Capable of purposeful and steady movement.

步態/動態：

自前面看，腿在肩下要自然抬起和落下，腳始終保持向前，既不內翻也不外翻。自後面看，動作也應如此。前腿有力，後腿運動自如，膝關節動作自然。典型步態是後肢略有搖擺。可有目的性、自覺性地平穩向前運動。

COAT: 被毛

Hair: Fine, smooth, soft, short and glossy, neither harsh nor woolly.

毛質：細、平滑、柔軟、短、有光澤，既不粗糙也不像羊毛。

Colour:

Silver, apricot, fawn or black. Each clearly defined, to make contrast complete between colour, trace (black line extending from occiput to tail) and mask. Markings clearly defined. Muzzle or mask, ears, moles on cheeks, thumb mark or diamond on forehead and trace as black as possible.

毛色:

銀色、杏色、淺黃褐色或黑色。每一種均被明確界定，從而使顏色、跡線（自枕骨延伸至尾部的黑色線）和面部之間形成清晰對比。斑紋明顯。口吻或面部，耳，面頰上的痣，額頭上拇指形或鑽石形的斑紋、跡線等的顏色要儘可能為黑色。

WEIGHT: 重量

Ideal weight 6.3 - 8.1 kgs. Should be hard of muscle but substance must not be confused with overweight.

體重：理想體重為6.3-8.1公斤。肌肉硬實，但不可混淆結實和超重之間的界定。

FAULTS: 缺陷

FAULTS: Any departure from the foregoing points should be considered a fault and the seriousness with which the fault should be regarded should be in exact proportion to its degree and its effect upon the health and welfare of the dog.

缺陷：任何與上述各點的背離均視為缺陷，其缺陷嚴重性嚴格地與其缺陷的程度及其對犬的健康和福利的影響成比例。

DISQUALIFYING FAULTS: 失格缺陷

• Aggressive or overly shy dogs.
• Any dog clearly showing physical or behavioural abnormalities shall be disqualified.
• 攻擊性強或過度羞怯。
• 身體明顯畸形或行為明顯失常均視為失格。

N.B.：

• Male animals should have two apparently normal testicles fullydescended into the scrotum.
• Only functionally and clinically healthy dogs, with breed typicalconformation, should be used for breeding.

注：

• 公犬具備兩個明顯正常且完全置於陰囊的睾丸
• 只有身體機能以及臨床表現健康的，具備典型犬種結構的犬只，才可用於繁殖。

最新修訂內容以黑體標註。

▲ 犬只各部位名稱（FCI標準通用）