語法精髓(2)|專治各種疑難雜句
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No sooner had Mr Salvini been sworn in than he was proclaiming hiseagerness to kick out the 500,000-600,000 immigrants who are reckoned to beliving without authorisation in Italy.
上榜理由:倒裝句
no sooner...than 一......就......
主語+had no sooner...than + 過去式
例句:我一到家電話就響了。
譯文1:I had no sooner reached home
than the phone rang. (正常句型)譯文2:No sooner had I reached home
than the phone rang. (倒裝句型)另一個表示」還沒......就...「的句型,也有這種倒裝的用法:
主語 + hardly...when + 過去式
例句:我還沒到家,就下起了雨。
譯文1:I had hardly reached home
when it begain to rain.譯文2:Hardly had I reached home
when it began to rain.參考譯文:
薩爾韋尼一上台,就迫不及待表現出他想要將義大利所謂的50-60萬非法移民趕出去的願望。
SOMETIMES silence speaks louder than words.
上榜理由:修辭手法
silence 是「無聲」的,如何speak louder than words?
這一修辭手法叫paradox矛盾修辭法。
矛盾修辭法:指一句話前後矛盾
更多栗子:
例句:Some of the biggest failures I ever had were successes.
譯文:我人生中最大的敗筆就是我的成功。
例句:It appears that the teachers of English teach English so poorlylargely because they teach grammar so well.
譯文:英語老師教英語教得這麼差,似乎大部分是因為他們的語法教得太好。
矛盾修辭法,還有另外一個說法oxymoron
oxymoron與paradox有什麼區別呢?
實際上,oxymoron就是paradox的縮略版,如:
loud silence 擲地有聲的沉默
bitter-sweet 苦中帶樂
proud humanity 驕傲的謙虛
orderly chaos 有序的混亂,亂中有序
Taking office in December 2011, in the teeth of the crisis, he (the prime minister) administered tough medicine consistently.
上榜理由:修辭手法
administer medicine 開藥
用在這裡其實是隱喻 / 暗喻的手法。這裡明顯不是」開藥「的意思,而是說自從上台之後,首相推出了很多項強硬政策。把推遲政策說成」開藥「,這是比喻的手法。如何確定是明喻還是暗喻呢?請看下例:
He is as cunning as a fox. 明喻
譯:他像狐狸一樣狡猾。
He is a fox. 暗喻
譯:他就是個老狐狸。
in the teeth of 儘管
例句:Permission for the development was
granted in the teeth of opposition from local shopkeepers.譯文:雖然受到當地商戶的排斥,但是政府還是允許了對該地進行開發。
參考譯文:
2011年12月份上台之後,儘管深陷危機,首相還是出台了很多強硬政策。
But there is one area where Britain cannot opt for maximal separation,however great Mrs May』s appetite for self-harm.
上榜理由:修辭手法
irony / sarcasm 諷刺,反諷
Wikipedia釋義:
Irony, in its broadest sense, is
a rhetorical device in which what appears, on the surface, to be the case,differs radically from what is actually the case.註:梅姨顯然是不喜歡自殘的,這句話表面上的意思與現實不符,因此是irony的修辭手法。
按照輕重程度分,Irony 有兩種形式:innuendo(影射)
和 sarcasm (諷刺)innuendo指的是mild irony
sarcasm 與innuendo 是相反的
按照類型分,Irony分為:verbal irony 與 situational irony
verbal irony:
當某人跟你說了一個很傻的想法時,你回答:「What a great idea!」situational irony:如某人看到別人遭遇不幸,反而嘲笑,不久後自己也遭遇同樣的不幸。
譯文:但是不管梅姨多喜歡自殘,有一個方面英國不能完全與歐盟脫離。Some Tories complain that the Northern Irish tail is wagging the Britishdog; they might prefer to see a customs border in the Irish Sea than thewrecking of their hard-Brexit dream.
上榜理由:修辭手法
暗喻:將 Northern Ireland 比作 tail(尾巴),Britain 比作dog(狗)
暗喻與明喻的區別:
He is as cunning as a fox.
明喻simile:他像狐狸一樣狡猾。
凡是有像......一樣的(as adj. as...,like...),都是明喻。
He is a fox.
暗喻metaphor:他就是個老狐狸。
wag 搖擺
正常邏輯是 the dag wags its tail 狗搖擺著尾巴,文中的 tail wags the dog 顯然是本末倒置。
its (a case of) the tail wagging the dog 尾大不掉,本末倒置
used to say that an unimportant thing is wrongly controlling a situation譯文:一些托利黨人埋怨北愛爾蘭拖了大不列顛的後腿;他們寧願接受愛爾蘭海岸的海關邊境,也不願意自己的」硬退歐「夢想被破壞。
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