10 人贊了文章

雖然蜂蜜可能是人類最感興趣的蜜蜂製品，但實際上人類使用蜂膠的歷史已經有幾千年之久。人類從2300年前就開始使用蜂膠，其中最重要的作用就是外敷傷口防止感染。蜂膠主要是從樹汁中產生的樹脂成分，並且含有被稱為黃酮的生物活性成分。蜂膠的抗菌屬性和其他所謂的保健功能可能就是由黃酮類物質產生的。

在試管研究中發現，蜂膠能對抗多種微生物，包括細菌，病毒，原生動物等【1-10,47】。有關蜂膠在人體及動物實驗均以這些試驗為基礎。

一項小型對照實驗認為一種蜂膠膏可能會加速生殖器皰疹痊癒【11】。

一項初級的對照實驗發現，與對照組相比，一種蜂膠漱口水能加速口腔手術痊癒速度【12】。還有實驗認為牙醫使用含有蜂膠提取物成分的沖洗液可能對嚴重牙周疾病有治療作用【43】。

在一項初步研究中，口腔潰瘍反覆發作的人群每日隨機服用蜂膠膠囊或安慰劑，蜂膠組被報告降低了口腔潰瘍複發頻次【45】。

在一項研究中，相對於飲用正常水的老鼠，在飲用水中加入蜂膠的老鼠患齲齒的幾率更低【18】，但是沒有人體試驗來證明這個結論。

動物研究也顯示外敷蜂膠可能對於傷口恢復有益【13,14,16】。

一組研究者比較了蜂膠提取物和抗原生動物藥物磺甲硝咪唑在138名患有寄生蟲梨形鞭毛蟲病的患者的效果，發現蜂膠提取物的效果可能和藥物治療效果類似【15】。

一些臨床試驗測試了蜂膠對於眼部感染【16】及生殖器感染的的效果【17】，但是這些試驗設計過於糟糕，現在還不能肯定蜂膠對於這類疾病是否是一種有效的治療手段。

一項只有梗概出版的單獨研究測試了蜂膠用於不孕及輕微子宮內膜異位症的效果。根據報道，使用蜂膠的懷孕率為60%，而對照組只有20%，這兩項數據差距過於巨大，現在還不清楚為什麼蜂膠能起到這種作用【44】。

有一些試管研究認為蜂膠具有抗氧化性，抗炎作用和癌症預防屬性【19-25,48】，但是至今沒有人體試驗能證明這個結論。

蜂膠是蜂蜜中的一種成分。安全研究認為蜂膠口服無毒，外敷無刺激性【26】。但是蜂膠導致的過敏非常常見，蜂膠是一種已知的「敏化劑」，意思是長期使用蜂膠可能導致身體對蜂膠本身過敏【27-42】。

1. Antibiotic activity of natural products: 1. Propolis.

2. Review of the biological properties and toxicity of bee propolis (propolis).

3. Antibacterial properties of propolis (bee glue).

4. Effects of propolis on dental caries in rats. 

5. On the antimicrobial activity of propolis and propolis constituents.

6. Biological properties and clinical application of propolis.

7. H. Electron microscopic and microcalorimetric investigations of the possible mechanism of the antibacterial action of a defined propolis provenance.

8. Effects of propolis flavonoids on virus infectivity and replication.

9. Suppression of HIV-1 replication by propolis and its immunoregulatory effect.

10. Propolis extracts are effective against Trypanosoma cruzi and have an impact on its interaction with host cells.

11. A comparative multi-centre study of the efficacy of propolis, acyclovir and placebo in the treatment of genital herpes.

12. Topical effect of propolis in the repair of sulcoplasties by the modified Kazanjian technique.

13. Application of propolis to dental sockets and skin wounds.

14. Review of the biological properties and toxicity of bee propolis (propolis).

15. Clinical trial with a preparation based on propolis "propolisina" in human giardiasis.

16. Efficacy of combined biological therapy with bee products in localized palpebral and conjunctival eye lesions with reference to the clinico-functional changes.

17. Use of propolis for treatment of vaginitis and cervicitis.

18. Effects of propolis on dental caries in rats.

19. Scavenging action of propolis extract against oxygen radicals.

20. Interactions of different extracts of propolis with leukocytes and leukocytic enzymes.

21. Mechanisms involved in the antiinflammatory effect of propolis extract.

22. Biochemical activities of propolis-extracts. III. Inhibition of dihydrofolate reductase.

23. Inhibition of tumor promoter-mediated processes in mouse skin and bovine lens by caffeic acid phenethyl ester.

24. In vivo studies on the cytostatic activity of propolis extracts.

25. Antitumoral property of ethanolic extract of propolis in mice-bearing Ehrlich carcinoma, as compared to bleomycin.

26. Review of the biological properties and toxicity of bee propolis (propolis).

27. Propolis allergy.

28. Allergy in beekeepers.

29. Occupational dermatitis from beeswax.

30. Allergic contact dermatitis from a beeswax nipple-protective.

31. Propolis allergy. (II). The sensitizing properties of 1,1-dimethylallyl caffeic acid ester.

32. Propolis allergy: a cause of oral mucositis with ulceration.

33. Occupational dermatitis in a bee-keeper.

34. Hypersensitivity to propolis.

35. Contact dermatitis from propolis.

36. Propolis-induced contact allergy.

37. Spirit of the beehive.

38. Contact dermatitis from propolis.

39. Propolis allergy. (II). The sensitizing properties of 1,1-dimethylallyl caffeic acid ester.

40. Propolis allergy: a cause of oral mucositis with ulceration.

41. Hypersensitivity to propolis.

42. Spirit of the beehive.

43. Propolis extract as an adjuvant to periodontal treatment.

44. Bee propolis versus placebo in the treatment of infertitily associated with minimal or mild endometriosis: a pilot randomized controlled trial.

45. The effect of bee propolis on recurrent aphthous stomatitis: a pilot study.

46. Bugs as drugs, Part 1: Insects: the "new" alternative medicine for the 21st century?

47. Rediscovering the antibiotics of the hive. Recent Pat Antiinfect Drug Discov.

48. Biological activity of bee propolis in health and disease.

Nutrilism營養主義認為，蜂膠作為一種具有抗微生物屬性的保健品，對於普通的口腔潰瘍，生殖器皰疹這類疾病來說可能有一定的有益作用，但是至今還沒有哪個人體雙盲安慰劑對照實驗明確指出蜂膠有增強免疫力，降低「三高」這類作用，建議消費者擦亮眼睛不要受騙。

如何分辨商家的謊言呢？其中一個方法就是根據個人情況制定保健品方案，只針對個人情況選擇實驗認證的有效成分，避免選擇錯誤保健品給身體帶來傷害並降低試錯成本，雖然方案是付費的，但是相比通過商家廣告選擇保健品能讓您少走彎路節省大量金錢。

更多保健品及營養知識，保健品及營養方案私人訂製盡在營養主義Nutrilism.com

推薦閱讀：