歐陸風雲——托勒密二世的失敗

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安提柯、托勒密、塞留古這希臘三國演義還得繼續撕下去。不同於中國戰國或三國時代的一點是，托勒密之所以能夠以一敵二，主要考的就是海軍。不過海軍爆裂之後，托勒密就弱子了。

The new Seleucid king Antiochus II reaches an agreement with the king of Macedonia, Antigonus II Gonatas, to work together in trying to push Ptolemy IIs fleet and armies out of the Aegean Sea. With Macedonias support, Antiochus II launches an attack on Ptolemaic outposts in Asia Minor.

新登基的塞留古國王安條克二世與馬其頓國王安提柯二世達成協議，戮力同心，將托勒密的海陸軍趕出愛琴海。在馬其頓的支持下，安條克二世向托勒密在小亞細亞的橋頭堡發起進攻。

Demetrius II Aetolicus distinguishes himself by defeating Alexander II of Epirus at Derdia and so saving Macedonia (c. 260 BC).

德米特里烏斯二世在Derdia擊敗伊庇魯斯的亞歷山大二世，拯救馬其頓，聲名鵲起。

Confident in Carthages superiority at sea, Hannibal Gisco deploys his ships for the Battle of Mylae in the traditional long line arrangement. Although inexperienced in sea battles, the Romans heavily defeat the Carthaginian fleet, mainly due to the innovative use of land tactics in naval warfare.

Hannibal Gisco對迦太基的海軍優勢很有信心，在Mylae之戰中按照傳統的長線排列方式部署艦船。雖然羅馬人在海戰方面沒有什麼經驗，但他們沉重地打擊了迦太基艦隊——主要原因是他們在海戰中創造性地使用了陸戰戰術。

The Carthaginians under Hamilcar take advantage of their victory at Thermae in Sicily by counterattacking the Romans and seizing Enna. Hamilcar continues south to Camarina, in Syracusan territory, to try to convince the Syracusans to rejoin the Carthaginian side.

Hamilcar指揮迦太基軍隊乘西西里Thermae之勝，反攻羅馬，奪取Enna。Hamilcar繼續向南攻至敘拉古的Camarina，勸說敘拉古人重新加入迦太基陣營。

The Romans are able to regain the initiative in Sicily against Carthage by retaking Enna and Camarina. In central Sicily, they take the town of Mytistraton, which they have attacked twice previously. The Romans also move in the north by marching across the northern coast toward Panormus, but are not able to take the city due to the citys heavily fortified walls.

羅馬重奪Enna和Camarina，重新發起進攻。在中西西里，羅馬軍隊佔領了之前兩次攻擊的Mytistraton。羅馬軍隊還穿過北部沿海地區，向北部的Panormus攻擊，但由於該城高牆深壘，未能得手。

The forces of the Macedonian King Antigonus II and the Seleucid King Antiochus II win a naval victory at Cos against their common enemy, Ptolemy II. This victory secures Antigonus control over the Aegean Sea and the League of the Islanders. It also diminishes Ptolemaic naval power.

馬其頓國王安提柯二世與塞留古國王安條克二世在科斯海戰獲勝，戰勝共同的敵人托勒密二世。這樣，安提柯控制了愛琴海和海島國聯盟，消滅了托勒密的海上力量。

The Romans attack Sardinia and try to capture it from the Carthaginians.

羅馬軍隊攻打薩丁尼亞，從迦太基手中奪取了薩丁尼亞。

The Battle of Tyndaris is fought between the Roman fleet and Carthaginian fleet off Tyndaris (modern Tindari) in Sicily. Hiero II, tyrant of Syracuse, has allowed Tyndaris to be a base for the Carthaginians. However, after this battle, the town falls to Roman forces.

羅馬艦隊與迦太基艦隊在Tyndaris沿岸展開戰鬥。敘拉古僭主Hiero II允許迦太基利用Tyndaris作為基地。然而此戰過後，Tyndaris被羅馬軍攻佔。

Following the Battle of Cape Ecnomus, the Romans land an army near Carthage and begin ravaging the Carthaginian countryside. The Roman army soon forces the capitulation of Clupea, a town 40 miles (64 kilometres) east of Carthage.

Ecnomus海角之戰後，羅馬軍隊在迦太基附近登陸，開始擄掠迦太基鄉村地區。羅馬軍隊很快迫降Clupea（該城位於迦太基以東40英里，即64公里處）。

The ensuing negotiations between the parties lead to Regulus demanding Carthage agree to an unconditional surrender, cede Sicily, Corsica and Sardinia to Rome, renounce the use of their navy, pay an indemnity, and sign a vassal-like treaty. These terms are so harsh that the people of Carthage resolve to keep fighting.

之後雙方談判中，Regulus要求迦太基無條件投降，向羅馬割讓西西里、科西嘉以及薩丁尼亞，放棄使用海軍，向羅馬賠款，簽署類似於附庸國的和約。這些條件過於嚴苛，迦太基人選擇繼續戰鬥。

In the Second Syrian War, Ptolemy II loses ground in Cilicia, Pamphylia, and Ionia, while Antiochus II regains Miletus and Ephesus.

在第二次敘利亞戰爭中，托勒密丟失了西里西亞、潘菲利亞、艾奧里亞等地，安條克二世重獲米利都和以弗所。

A Roman army capture Panormus in Sicily.

羅馬軍隊奪取西西里帕那摩。

The Romans lose control of the Sicilian city of Agrigentum to the Carthaginians.

羅馬軍隊將Agrigentum城丟給了迦太基人。

The second Syrian War between the Seleucids and the Ptolemies ends. Antiochus II regains much of Anatolia from Ptolemy II, including the cities of Miletus and Ephesus, and also the Phoenician coast.

塞留古與托勒密之間的第二次敘利亞戰爭結束。安條克二世從托勒密二世手中奪取了大部分安塔托利亞，包括米利都、以弗所等城市，以及腓尼基沿岸。

Alexander, Antigonus IIs nephew and regent, leads a revolt in Corinth with Ptolemy IIs help and declares himself an independent monarch. As a result, Antigonus loses Corinth and Chalcis, the two bases from which he has dominated southern Greece. As the Aetolians occupy Thermopylae, Antigonus II is cut off from Athens and the Peloponnese.

安提柯二世的侄子亞歷山大（兼攝政）在托勒密二世的幫助下自立為王。結果，安提柯丟掉了科林斯和查爾基斯這兩個控制南部希臘的基地。埃托利亞人又佔領了溫泉關，安提柯二世與雅典和伯羅奔尼撒的陸地聯繫斷絕。

In 251 BC, Aratus, a young nobleman in the city of Sicyon, expelled the tyrant Nicocles, who had ruled with the acquiescence of Antigonus, freed the people, and recalled the exiles. This led to confusion and division within the city. Fearing that Antigonus would exploit these divisions to attack the city, Aratus applied for the city to join the Achaean League.

前251年，西西翁的一位年輕貴族Aratus驅逐了僭主、安提柯二世默許的統治者Nicocles，解放當地人於馬其頓統治之下，召迴流放人員。西西翁陷入混亂、分裂。Aratus深恐安提柯會利用這個機會前來進攻，於是申請加入亞該亞聯盟。

With Panormus captured, much of western inland Sicily falls with it. The cities of Ieta, Solous, Petra and Tyndaris agree to peace with the Romans in the same year. This defeat marks the end of significant Carthaginian land-based campaigning in Sicily.

羅馬人奪取帕那莫之後，整個西西里西部內陸都跟著陷落了。Ieta、Solous、Petra以及Tyndaris在當年同意與羅馬媾和。迦太基的這次失敗標誌著迦太基在西西里大型陸戰的結束。

The independence of Cyrene persists until the death of Magas.

馬戈斯去世後，昔蘭尼加的獨立結束了。

In the Punic War, the Romans shift their attention to the southwest of Sicily. They send a naval expedition toward the Carthaginian city of Lilybaeum. En route, the Romans seize and burn the Carthaginian held cities of Selinous and Heraclea Minoa. The Romans then begin the siege of Lilybaeum.

在第一次布匿戰爭中，羅馬人將注意力轉向西西里西南。他們向迦太基Lilybaeum發起了海上遠征，順路奪取、焚毀了迦太基的Selinous和Heraclea Minoa城，之後開始攻打Lilybaeum。

The Roman forces at Lilybaeum are relieved, and Eryx, near Drapana, is seized.

圍攻Lilybaeum的羅馬軍隊解圍，反過來奪取了Drapana附近的Eryx。