CRI實用英語課堂系列 All About Coffee I 個性咖啡（上）

The history and development of the beverage that we know as coffee is varied and interesting, involving chance occurrences, political intrigue, and the pursuit of wealth and power.

According to one story, the effect of coffee beans on behavior was noticed by a sheep herder from Caffa Ethopia named Kaldi as he tended his sheep. He noticed that the sheep became hyperactive after eating the red "cherries" from a certain plant when they changed pastures.

He tried a few himself, and was soon as overactive as his herd. The story relates that a monk happened by and scolded him for "partaking of the devil"s fruit." However the monks soon discovered that this fruit from the shiny green plant could help them stay awake for their prayers.

Another legend gives us the name for coffee or "mocha." An Arabian was banished to the desert with his followers to die of starvation. In desperation, Omar had his friends boil and eat the fruit from an unknown plant. Not only did the broth save the exiles, but their survival was taken as a religious sign by the residents of the nearest town, Mocha. The plant and its beverage were named Mocha to honor this event.

Originally the coffee plant grew naturally in Ethopia, but once transplanted in Arabia was monopolized by them. One early use for coffee would have little appeal today. The Galla tribe from Ethiopia used coffee, but not as a drink. They would wrap the beans in animal fat as their only source of nutrition while on raiding parties. The Turks were the first country to adopt it as a drink, often adding spices such as clove, cinnamon, cardamom and anise to the brew.

Coffee was introduced much later to countries beyond Arabia whose inhabitants believed it to be a delicacy and guarded its secret as if they were top secret military plans.

Transportation of the plant out of the Moslem nations was forbidden by the government. The actual spread of coffee was started illegally. One Arab named Baba Budan smuggled beans to some mountains near Mysore, India, and started a farm there. Early in this century, the descendants of those original plants were found still growing fruitfully in the region.

Coffee was believed by some Christians to be the devil"s drink. Pope Vincent III heard this and decided to taste it before he banished it. He enjoyed it so much he baptized it, saying "coffee is so delicious it would be a pity to let the infidels have exclusive use of it."

Coffee today is grown and enjoyed worldwide, and is one of the few crops that small farmers in third-world countries can profitably export.

目前咖啡在我們的生活中已是不可或缺的飲料，靜寂的森林深處悄悄自生的咖啡，到底是如何被人們發現而廣為世界各地所接受的呢？還有，如何開始栽培的呢？在無數的咖啡發現傳說中，有兩大傳說最令人津津樂道，那就是「牧羊人的故事」與「阿拉伯僧侶」。

十六世紀衣索比亞有個牧羊人，有一天發現自己飼養的羊忽然在那兒不停的蹦蹦跳跳，他覺得非常不可思議，仔細加以觀察，才明白原來羊吃了一種紅色的果實。

於是他便拿著這種果實分給修道院的僧侶們吃，所有的人吃完後都覺得神清氣爽；據說此後這種果實被用來做提神葯，而

且頗受醫生們的好評。

一二五八年，因犯罪而被族人驅逐出境的酋長雪克·歐瑪爾，流浪到離故鄉摩卡很遠的瓦薩巴( 位於阿拉伯 )時，已經飢餓疲倦到再也走不動了，當他坐在樹根上休息時，竟然發現有一隻鳥飛來停在枝頭上，以一種他從未聽過，極為悅耳的聲音啼叫著。

他仔細一看，發現那隻鳥是在啄食枝頭上的果實後，才放開喉嚨發出美妙的啼聲的，所以他便將那一帶的果實全採下放入鍋中加水去熬煮。之後竟開始散發出濃郁的香味，喝了一口不但覺得好喝，而且還覺得疲憊的身心也為之一振。於是他便採下許多這種神奇果實，遇到病人便拿給他們熬成湯來喝，最後由於他四處行善，故鄉的人便原諒了他的罪行，讓他回到摩卡，並推崇他為「聖者」。

所有的歷史學家似乎都同意咖啡的誕生地為衣索比亞的咖發 ( Kaffa )，至於咖啡這個名稱則是源自於阿拉伯語「Qahwah」，即植物飲料的意思。

後來咖啡流傳到世界各地，就採用其來源地「Kaffa」命名，直到十八世紀才正式以「coffee」命名。

Part 2 Coffee! 咖啡創意

Dialogue Script1 對話原文1

Jack: Any new ideas on the Mr. Fro case? How can we give this motor oil a new brand identity? Tina: Let me get my morning coffee to get my brain working again. Jack: I could use one, too. I"m still burnt out from that last cigarette ad campaign. Tina: As long as the foam on my macchiato"s not burnt, too, I"ll be alright for a while. (Sitting down with their drinks)

Jack: My latte looks like that shoe polish we did an ad for last month. Tina: And this espresso looks like...oil! Jack: It still tastes fine, though. Tina: These days, I can"t think of anything but motor oil. Even coffee makes me think of it. Jack: Wait a second! There"s the idea for this case! "Your motor oil should be as choice and fresh as your morning coffee." Tina: That"s brilliant! We can name the grades of motor oil by where they come from. Jack: (Jokingly) "Mr. Mechanic, I"d like a nice Venezuelan blend this morning."Tina: "I think the Saudi Arabian will hit the spot today." Jack: But really, maybe this can work. Everyone loves coffee, and everyone needs motor oil. Tina: A match made in heaven.

講解：

1. Tina 和Jack同在一家廣告公司的創意組，喝咖啡，想創意，就是他們的上班模式。這天他們接到了一個機油的廣告案，來看看咖啡能給他們帶來什麼靈感吧。一大早Jack就問Tina有沒有什麼創意，要怎麼給這種機油新的品牌特性呢？brand是指「品牌」，而brand identity就是指「品牌特性」，應該是一種廣告術語吧。

2. Tina說先不要著急，

先來一杯早上咖啡，好讓大腦運作起來再說。在今天的對話中，會出現幾個跟咖啡有關的詞，我們先在這裡說一下，給大家提個醒，他們是coffee，caffe，還有café。coffee是咖啡的英文，但是這個單詞就是單指「咖啡」。比如說，---May I help you? ---I"d like a cup of coffee. ---您要點什麼嗎？---我要來杯咖啡。

3. 再來說說這個caffe，是「咖啡」的義大利文，在美國，這個單詞總是作為咖啡的名稱出現，比如說，「摩卡咖啡」caffe mocha；「拿鐵咖啡」caffe latte；「美式咖啡」caffe Americano等等。比如說，---Could you get me a caffe Americano? ---No problem. ---可以幫我買杯美式咖啡嗎？---沒問題。

4. 最後說說這個café，是「咖啡」的法文，但在美國café指「咖啡店」。在這類店裡，除了賣咖啡，也供應一些簡單餐點。此外，café跟其他咖啡名稱連用的時候，也代表「咖啡」，用法跟caffe一樣。比如說，---I"m going to the café to buy some coffee. ---Could you get me a café latte? ---我要去咖啡店買一些咖啡。---可以幫我買一杯拿鐵咖啡嗎?

5. Jack聽Tina要喝咖啡，也想來一杯，I could use one, too. I can use something，表示「我也需要...」。Jack說為了上次那個香煙廣告，他到現在還累得腦汁絞盡、口吐白沫呢。be burnt out 有「耗盡熱情、精力等」的意思，burnt是burn的過去式和過去分詞，Jack說的burnt out有「累癱了」和「香煙燒光了」的雙關含義。

6. Tina說只要她的瑪奇朵上的白泡沫還沒有乾涸，她就能再撐一陣子。Tina說的burnt out則是「奶泡燒乾了，消失了」的意思。Tina 和Jack兩個人拿了各自的咖啡坐到了桌前，一起想機油這個廣告創意。Jack看著自己的拿鐵咖啡，說這東西怎麼看起來像他們上個月做的廣告裡面的鞋油呢？看來Jack現在滿腦子都是廣告的事情了。

7. 聽Jack這麼一說，Tina也覺得自己的濃縮咖啡看起來也像是石油，不過這些咖啡的味道還好。Tina也說這麼些天來，她腦子裡除了機油就沒有別的東西，連她最喜歡的咖啡也看起來像機油。這時Jack腦子裡突然靈光一現，想到了一句關於機油的廣告語，Your motor oil should be as choice and fresh as your morning coffee. 您的機油應該和早上喝的咖啡一樣，精選又新鮮。choice在這裡是形容詞，表示「精選的，上等的」。

8. 在這個對話中出現的case和campaign這兩個詞都是指「方案，企劃案」。Tina覺得這

個主意不錯，還建議用機油的產地來命名，以區分機油的等級。Jack開玩笑地說，"Mr. Mechanic, I"d like a nice Venezuelan blend this morning." 技師先生，我今天早上想來一點委內瑞拉特調。

9. Tina也開個玩笑，說「I think the Saudi Arabian will hit the spot today.」 我想今天來點阿拉伯口味挺合胃口的。Saudi Arabia 沙烏地阿拉伯和Venezuela委內瑞拉都是石油產國，所以Jack 和Tina故意模仿咖啡以產地命名的做法，把買機油的場景說得像是在點咖啡。hit the spot 是指「食物等合某人的胃口。」

10. 不過開玩笑歸開玩笑，Jack還是覺得這個創意也許會行得通，因為人人都愛喝咖啡，人人也都需要機油。Tina誇獎說，A match made in heaven.真是天作之合。要形容兩個人或是兩個東西很配，可以說a match made in heaven，意思就是「天作之合」，有時候也可以用在挖苦上。我們用一個對話來做例子，---In Leaving Las Vegas, Ben is a drunk, and Sera is a prostitute. ---Sounds like a match in heaven. ---在《遠離賭城》中，Ben是一個酒鬼，Sera是一個妓女。---聽起來還真是絕配。

Dialogue Script2 對話原文2

Tina: I can"t believe Mr. Fro didn"t buy it. Who does that guy think he is anyway? Bill Gates? Jack: He had a lot of nerve telling us our ads sucked. Tina: Time to order. (to barista) Barista, today I want a skinny triple latte. Jack: When did you start worrying about your weight? Tina: I"m not. I just don"t feel like drinking whole milk today. Why? Do you think I"m fat? Jack: No. Chill out!

(Jack is ordering) Jack: Barista, pull me a restretto. Tina: What? You"re suddenly some kind of coffee snob now? What"s a ristretto anyway? Jack: It"s basically a very strong espresso. Half the water pulled through the same amount of beans. Pure coffee essence. Tina: Sounds like it must be full of caffeine. I want one of those instead. Jack: You fiend. It"s about the flavor, not the fix. Why don"t you just crush some caffeine pills and start doing lines? Try an Americano. Espresso with water. Tina: Sounds a little weak. Jack: Go with a hammerhead then- espresso mixed with drip coffee. Tina: Sounds better, but I hope it doesn"t inspire me to take a hammer to the client"s head. Jack: Don"t worry, Tina. We"ll get this case worked out in no time.

講解：

1. 那麼Jack他們的廣告創意被通過了嗎？看來是沒有，因為Tina說I can"t believe Mr. Fro didn"t buy it. 我真不敢相信法洛先生竟然不買帳，也就是沒有通過他們的廣告創意的意思。...don"t buy it，是指「某人沒有接受」。buy大家都知道是「買」的意思，這裡是「接受，相信或同意」的意思。如果沒有人接受或者同意你的說詞，就可以套用這個句型表達，我們用一個對話來做例子，---What do you think about Peter"s reasons for divorcing his wife? ---I don"t buy them. ---你對Peter跟他妻子離婚的理由有什麼看法？---我才不信呢。

2. 看來這個客戶還挺挑剔的。氣得Tina 說，他以為他自己是誰啊，比爾·蓋茨阿。不過客戶挑剔也無可厚非，因為他需要最好的廣告創意來推銷自己的產品。Jack也挺氣憤，覺得這麼好的廣告創意，客戶怎麼就不接受呢，他還真有膽子敢說我們的廣告爛。He had a lot of nerve telling us our ads sucked. nerve可以指「神經」，在對話中是指「勇氣，膽量」，比如說，It took nerve to be a racing driver. 當賽車手要有膽量。I wouldn"t have the nerve to do anything so dangerous. 我可不敢做那麼危險的事情。

3. suck 在這裡是一個俚語辭彙，表示「爛，令人討厭，差勁」，比如說，The movie sucks. 那電影太爛了。幾乎所有你認為差勁的東西你都可以用suck這個詞來說。還有一個關於suck的片語，也是一個俚語的用法，suck up to sb「奉承或者巴結某人，拍某人的馬屁」。比如說，She sucks up to him by agreeing with everything he said. 她巴結他，他說什麼都同意。

4. Tina決定先不想那個討厭的客戶了，先點一杯咖啡提提神再說。barista, 是指意式咖啡店的店員，這是一個職務的名稱，就像teacher一樣，很少有人會用這個詞來稱呼他們，Tina今天可能是心血來潮吧。Tina今天點的是一杯脫脂牛奶加三份濃縮的拿鐵。skinny原意是指「極瘦的，皮包骨頭的」，比如說，You"re skinny enough without going on a diet. 你不用節食就已經夠瘦的了。對話中skinny是指「脫脂的」。

5. Jack覺得奇怪，怎麼今天Tina開始喝脫脂牛奶了，難道是在考慮減肥？Tina說根本沒有那回事，就是今天不想喝全脂牛奶而已，全脂牛奶就是whole milk。是Jack覺得Tina太胖了嗎？Jack覺得今天Tina有點咄咄逼人，太緊張了。所以他說，Chill out! 冷靜點，別緊張。Chill out!就是「冷靜點」的意思。

6. 要想讓別人放輕鬆，冷靜下來，除了說calm down之外，也可以用Chill out!這個句子。比如說，---The baby is driving me crazy! ---Chill out! You"ll get used to it.---照顧小孩快要把我弄瘋了。---冷靜點。你會慢慢習慣的。Jack讓店員給他做一杯ristretto，就是芮思崔朵咖啡。pull 這個詞用在這裡是「從意式咖啡機中汲取咖啡」的意思。

7. Tina覺得奇怪，什麼時候Jack突然變成咖啡專家了？snob是一個貶義詞，表示「假裝內行的人，自以為了不起的人」，比如說，He is just a wine snob who will only drink the best wines.他不過是一個自命不凡非上等酒不喝的人。Jack給Tina解釋說，ristretto咖啡是濃縮咖啡的再濃縮，相同份量的咖啡豆，只加入一半的水，是純正的咖啡精華。strong在這裡的意思是「味道濃烈的」，跟它相對的是weak「味道淡淡的」。

8. Tina覺得這種咖啡聽起來肯定含有很多咖啡因，就是caffeine，肯定很提神，所以她也想換成這樣的咖啡。Jack取笑她說，你這個咖啡鬼，You fiend. fiend是「嗜好成癖的人，…迷」的意思。

9. Jack說芮思崔朵咖啡講求的是咖啡的香味，而不是刺激和快感。fix是一個俚語辭彙，意思是「毒品注射」。Jack還說如果Tina這麼想追求刺激，為什麼不幹脆把咖啡因片弄碎，開始用鼻子吸算了，這樣更痛快。

10. do lines 這個短語表示「把毒品的粉末排成列線用鼻子吸入」，這裡Jack是在開玩笑，說Tina對咖啡因上癮的程度，就好像在吸毒。Jack建議Tina選擇Americano 美式咖啡，就是濃縮咖啡加水。Tina說聽起來味道有點淡。

11. Jack 又推薦hammerhead，就是榔頭咖啡，做法是一般的咖啡加滴濾式咖啡。drip coffee在口語中是指加濾紙的咖啡壺煮出來的咖啡。Tina覺得這款咖啡聽起來還不錯，但是希望這種咖啡不會讓她想拿起榔頭敲客戶的腦袋。

12. hammerhead 是指「榔頭上用來敲打的那一端」，所以Tina才會故意說她想拿「榔頭」hammer來敲客戶的腦袋，因為Tina很生氣他沒有同意他們的廣告創意。Jack安慰她說，We"ll get this case worked out in no time. 我們很快就會把這個廣告案搞定了。

13. work out 這個片語表示「順利解決事情」，in no time則是指「很快，立即」，所以要給工作團隊打氣，表示很快就會解決手上的案子了，We"ll get this case worked out in no time.就是一個很好的說法。我們來用一個對話作例子，---I don"t know when I"ll get some sleep. ---Don"t worry. We"ll get this case worked out in no time. ---不知道什麼時候才能睡覺。---別擔心，我們很快就會把這個案子搞定的。