中華人民共和國教育法(1)

中華人民共和國教育法

Education Law of the People"s Republic of China

第一章　總則

CHAPTER I GENERAL PROVISIONS

第一條　為了發展教育事業，提高全民族的素質，促進社會主義物質文明和精神文明建設，根據憲法，制定本法。

Article 1 This Law is enacted in accordance with the Constitution with a view to developing the cause of education, enhancing the quality of the entire nation and promoting the socialist material as well as cultural and ethical progress.

第二條　在中華人民共和國境內的各級各類教育，適用本法。

Article 2 This Law shall be applicable to education of all types and at all levels offered within the territory of the People"s Republic of China.

　　第三條　國家堅持以馬克思列寧主義、毛澤東思想和建設有中國特色社會主義理論為指導，遵循憲法確定的基本原則，發展社會主義的教育事業。

Article 3 In developing the cause of socialist education, the State adheres to taking Marxism, Leninism, Mao Zedong Thought and the theory of building socialism with Chinese characteristics as its guidelines and follows the basic principles defined in the Constitution.

　　第四條　教育是社會主義現代化建設的基礎，國家保障教育事業優先發展。

Article 4 Education is the basis of the socialist modernization drive, and the State ensures priority to the development of educational undertakings.

　　全社會應當關心和支持教育事業的發展。

The entire society should show concern for and give support to the development of educational undertakings.

　　全社會應當尊重教師。

The entire society should respect teachers.

　　第五條　教育必須為社會主義現代化建設服務，必須與生產勞動相結合，培養德、智、體等方面全面發展的社會主義事業的建設者和接班人。

Article 5 Education must serve the socialist modernization drive and must be combined with production and physical labour in order to train for the socialist cause builders and successors who are developed in an all-round way-morally, intellectually and physically.

　　第六條　國家在受教育者中進行愛國主義、集體主義、社會主義的教育，進行理想、道德、紀律、法制、國防和民族團結的教育。

Article 6 The State conducts education among educatees in patriotism, collectivism, socialism as well as in the importance of ideals, ethics, discipline, the legal system, national defense and national unity.

　　第七條　教育應當繼承和弘揚中華民族優秀的歷史文化傳統，吸收人類文明發展的一切優秀成果。

Article 7 In education the brilliant historic and cultural tradition of the Chinese nation shall be inherited and carried forward and all other excellent achievements of human civilization shall be absorbed.

　　第八條　教育活動必須符合國家和社會公共利益。

Article 8 Educational activities shall conform to the State and public interests.

　　國家實行教育與宗教相分離。任何組織和個人不得利用宗教進行妨礙國家教育制度的活動。

The State separates education from religion. No organization or individual may make use of religion to conduct activities that interfere with the educational system of the State.

　　第九條　中華人民共和國公民有受教育的權利和義務。

Article 9 Citizens of the People"s Republic of China shall have the right and obligation to receive education.

　　公民不分民族、種族、性別、職業、財產狀況、宗教信仰等，依法享有平等的受教育機會。

All citizens, regardless of ethnic group, race, sex, occupation, property status or religious belief, shall enjoy equal opportunities for education according to law.

　　第十條　國家根據各少數民族的特點和需要，幫助各少數民族地區發展教育事業。

Article 10 The State, in light of the characteristics and needs of the different minority ethnic groups, provides assistance to the development of educational undertakings in regions inhabited by the minority ethnic groups.

　　國家扶持邊遠貧困地區發展教育事業。

The State supports and assists the development of educational undertakings in the outlying and poverty-stricken areas.

　　國家扶持和發展殘疾人教育事業。

The State supports and develops educational undertakings for the disabled.

　　第十一條　國家適應社會主義市場經濟發展和社會進步的需要，推進教育改革，促進各級各類教育協調發展，建立和完善終身教育體系。

Article 11 To meet the needs of developing a socialist market economy and promoting social progress, the State carries forward educational reform, fosters a coordinated development of education at various levels and of various types, and establishes and improves a system of life-long education.

　　國家支持、鼓勵和組織教育科學研究，推廣教育科學研究成果，促進教育質量提高。

The State supports, encourages and organizes scientific research in education, disseminate the results of scientific research in education so as to enhance the quality of education.

　　第十二條　漢語言文字為學校及其他教育機構的基本教學語言文字。少數民族學生為主的學校及其他教育機構，可以使用本民族或者當地民族通用的語言文字進行教學。

Article 12 The spoken and written Chinese language shall be the basic spoken and written language in teaching in schools and other institutions of education. In schools and other institutions of education in which students of a minority ethnic group constitute the majority, the spoken and written language used by the specific ethnic group or commonly used by the local ethnic groups may be used for instruction.

　　學校及其他教育機構進行教學，應當推廣使用全國通用的普通話和規範字。

Putonghua (common speech based on Beijing pronunciation) and the standar-dized characters designed for use throughout the country shall be widely used in instruction in schools and other institutions of education.

　　第十三條　國家對發展教育事業做出突出貢獻的組織和個人，給予獎勵。

Article 13 The State awards units or individuals that have made outstanding achievements in the development of education.

　　第十四條　國務院和地方各級人民政府根據分級管理、分工負責的原則，領導和管理教育工作。

Article 14 The State Council and the local people"s governments at various levels shall guide and administer educational work under the principles of admini-stration by different levels and of a division of responsibilities.

　　中等及中等以下教育在國務院領導下，由地方人民政府管理。

Secondary education and education at lower levels shall be administered by the local people"s governments under the guidance of the State Council.

　　高等教育由國務院和省、自治區、直轄市人民政府管理。

Higher education shall be administered by the State Council, and/or the people"s governments of provinces, autonomous regions, or municipalities directly under the Central Government.

　　第十五條　國務院教育行政部門主管全國教育工作，統籌規劃、協調管理全國的教育事業。

Article 15 The administrative department of education under the State Council shall be in charge of the nationwide educational work, and undertake overall planning, coordination and management of the educational undertakings throughout the country.

　　縣級以上地方各級人民政府教育行政部門主管本行政區域內的教育工作。

The administrative departments of education under the people"s governments at or above the county level shall be in charge of the educational work in their respective administrative regions.

　　縣級以上各級人民政府其他有關部門在各自的職責範圍內，負責有關的教育工作。

Other departments concerned under the people"s governments at or above the county level shall be responsible for the related educational work within the scope of their functions and duties.

　　第十六條　國務院和縣級以上地方各級人民政府應當向本級人民代表大會或者其常務委員會報告教育工作和教育經費預算、決算情況，接受監督。

Article 16 The State Council and the local people"s governments at or above the county level shall report to the people"s congresses at the corresponding levels or their standing committees on the work of education and on the budgets and final accounts of the operating expenses for education, which shall be subject to supervision.

　　第二章　教育基本制度

CHAPTER II BASIC SYSTEM OF EDUCATION

　　第十七條　國家實行學前教育、初等教育、中等教育、高等教育的學校教育制度。

Article 17 The State applies a school education system embracing pre- school education, primary education, secondary education and higher education.

　　國家建立科學的學制系統。學制系統內的學校和其他教育機構的設置、教育形式、修業年限、招生對象、培養目標等，由國務院或者由國務院授權教育行政部門規定。

The State establishes a scientific schooling system. The establishment, forms of instruction, length of schooling, enrollment targets, objectives of training, etc. of schools and other institutions of education governed by the schooling system shall be prescribed by the State Council or the administrative department of education empowered by the State Council.

　　第十八條　國家實行九年制義務教育制度。

Article 18 The State applies a system of nine-year compulsory education.

　　各級人民政府採取各種措施保障適齡兒童、少年就學。

People"s governments at all levels shall take various measures to guarantee school-age children and adolescents access to education.

　　適齡兒童、少年的父母或者其他監護人以及有關社會組織和個人有義務使適齡兒童、少年接受並完成規定年限的義務教育。

Parents or other guardians of school-age children and adolescents as well as social organizations and individuals concerned shall have the obligation to ensure that school-age children and adolescents receive and complete compulsory education for the prescribed number of years.

　　第十九條　國家實行職業教育制度和成人教育制度。

Article 19 The State applies a system of vocational education and a system of adult education.

　　各級人民政府、有關行政部門以及企業事業組織應當採取措施，發展並保障公民接受職業學校教育或者各種形式的職業培訓。

People"s governments at various levels, the administrative departments concer-ned and enterprises and institutions shall adopt measures to develop educational programs and guarantee that citizens receive education in vocational schools or different types of vocational training.

　　國家鼓勵發展多種形式的成人教育，使公民接受適當形式的政治、經濟、文化、科學、技術、業務教育和終身教育。

The State encourages the development of varied forms of adult education so that citizens may receive appropriate education in politics, economics, culture, science and technology and professional or life-long education.

　　第二十條　國家實行國家教育考試製度。

Article 20 The State applies a national education examination system.

　　國家教育考試由國務院教育行政部門確定種類，並由國家批准的實施教育考試的機構承辦。

The administrative department of education under the State Council shall determine the types of national education examination which shall be undertaken by the institutions that conduct such education examination as approved by the State.

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