咖啡的是與非

Most people will tell you that without a cup of coffee in the morning, they cannot function. Research has shown that the cup of coffee does give an individual a slight jolt, but even without the coffee, individuals can still function. Coffee is considered harmful if taken in large dosages, but the caffeine in coffee can actually help fight disease. Coffee has more antioxidants than tea, making it a good drink when consumed in moderation.

大部分人會告訴你，如果早上不喝一杯咖啡，他們就活動不起來。研究表明，一杯咖啡確實可以稍微激起人的活力，但即使沒有這杯咖啡，人也可以活動起來。如果大量飲用的話，咖啡被認為是有害的，但是咖啡中的咖啡因實際上可以幫助抵抗疾病。咖啡比茶含有更多的抗氧化劑，這使它在飲用適量的前提下是一種好的飲用品。

History

歷史

Legend says that Kaldi, an Ethiopian, discovered his goats feasting on coffee shrubs. Inquisitive, he tasted the leaves and began to dance around. A passing monk witnessed the scene and took some back to his fellow monks. Later that night, the monks experienced divine inspiration. Whether the legend is true or not, the discovery of coffee dates back to 800 A.D. when Africans created a coffee-berry pulp. Soon Arabia was roasting coffee beans. By 1000 A.D., Muslims were drinking the broth to stay awake. A merchant from Venice introduced coffee to Europe in 1615. By 1696, the Dutch started growing the coffee bush in Java. By 1723, coffee plants were introduced to the Americas. And by 1908, the first drip coffeemaker was introduced. Today, coffee is the most popular drink in the world.

傳說，卡爾迪（Kaldi），一個衣索比亞人，發現他的山羊在大吃特吃咖啡矮樹。好奇之下，他品嘗了樹葉，然後開始手舞足蹈。一個路過的修道士親眼目睹了這一幕，他帶了一些回去給他的同伴們。那天夜裡晚些時候，修道士們體驗到了神聖的靈感。不論這個傳說是真是假，咖啡的發現要回溯到公元800年，那時非洲人製造出了一種咖啡漿果漿。很快，阿拉伯人就在烤咖啡豆了。到公元1000年，穆斯林在喝其煮成的湯汁來保持清醒。1615年一位來自威尼斯的商人將咖啡介紹到歐洲。到1696年，荷蘭人開始在爪哇種植咖啡樹。到1723年，咖啡種植被引進到美洲。到1908年，第一個滴濾式咖啡壺問世。現今，咖啡是世界上最大眾化的飲用品。

Types

種類

There are more than 6,000 variations of coffee, 25 major types of coffee and 3 commercial categories according to ultimate-coffees-info.com. The three commercial types are Arabica, Robusta and Kona. Kona types of coffee beans are grown in Hawaii. They have a powerful aroma. Arabica beans provide 60 percent of the coffee. They are blended or used alone. The flavor is delicate. Robusta beans account for 40 percent of the beans and are easier to grow because they are less susceptible to disease. They have a strong flavor, so they add a good punch to any blend.

根據ultimate-coffees-info.com網，咖啡有6000多個變種，25個大類和3個商業品種。這三個商業品種是阿拉比卡（Arabica）、羅布斯塔（Robusta）和柯納（Kona）。柯納種咖啡豆生長在夏威夷，它們有濃郁的香味。阿拉比卡豆供應咖啡的60%，它們混合或單獨使用，口味香美。羅布斯特豆占咖啡豆的40%，較易種植，因為它們較不容易感染病害，它們有一種濃郁的香味，所以它們給任何混合物都添加上一種好的調味劑。

Function

功用

Caffeine is the major chemical in coffee. It blocks adenosine, a chemical that makes you drowsy. The result is a pick-me-up or stimulation from the drink. The stimulation does not last long. And if the coffee consumption is stopped, the brain cells need stimulation to stop the sluggish feeling. Caffeine intoxication can occur if more than 400 milligrams of caffeine is ingested in a short period. This is about four to five cups of brewed coffee. Caffeine also works as a mild diuretic, and eliminates calcium through the urine. Caffeine will also cause sleep disturbances, so it should be avoided before bed.

咖啡因是咖啡中的主要化學物質。它阻擋腺苷，腺苷是一種使你昏昏欲睡的化學物質。其產生的效果是來自飲料的一種興奮作用或刺激。這種刺激持續時間並不長。而且如果停用咖啡，大腦細胞需要刺激來阻止獃滯的感覺。如果在短期內攝取超過400毫克咖啡因，就可能發生咖啡因中毒。這約是四到五杯煮咖啡。咖啡因還起著一種溫和利尿劑的作用，經由尿液排出鈣。咖啡因還會造成睡眠障礙，所以在上床睡覺前應該避免飲用。

Benefits

益處

Caffeine has many benefits. Studies have shown that it helps cognitive skills in elderly women over 65. Women who drank three cups of coffee daily scored higher on memory tests than women who drank one cup of coffee. According to newser.com, one cup of coffee a day protects the brain by destroying toxins in the bloodstream. Coffee has antioxidants that fight disease according to webmd.com. Webmd.com"s article, The Buzz on Coffee, goes on to say that "studies have shown that regular coffee drinkers can reduce their risk of Parkinson"s disease by 80%, the risk of colon cancer by 25%, the risk of cirrhosis of the liver by 80%, and cut the risk of gallstones in half."

咖啡因有很多益處。研究表明，它對65歲以上老年女性的認知能力有幫助。每天喝三杯咖啡的女性在記憶力測試上比喝一杯咖啡的女性得分高。根據newser.com網，每天一杯咖啡通過破壞血流中的毒素保護大腦。根據webmd.com網，咖啡含有防治疾病的抗氧化劑。webmd.com上的文章，《對咖啡的低語》（The Buzz on Coffee）進一步說「研究表明經常飲用咖啡的人可以減少80%患帕金森氏症的風險、25%患結腸癌的風險、80%患肝硬化的風險，以及減少一半患膽結石的風險。」

Warning

警告

Large consumptions of coffee can cause nervousness, jitters and a racing heartbeat. It can also cause heartburn. There is a link between the consumption of coffee and osteoporosis in women. Women who drink two or more cups of coffee a day may experience loss of bone density. However, if they counteract the consumption of coffee with milk, they are fine. Because coffee is a diuretic, the urine removes calcium from the body that must be replaced. Caffeine can be addicting like any drug. The more the body consumes, the more it tolerates it. For some people, just one cup of coffee a day can become habitual.

大量飲用咖啡能造成神經過敏、心神不寧和心跳加快。它還能造成胃灼熱。在飲用咖啡和女性的骨質疏鬆症之間有某種聯繫。每天飲用兩杯或更多咖啡的女性可能遭到骨密度的損失。然而，如果她們用牛奶抵消咖啡的用量，就沒事。因為咖啡是一種利尿劑，尿從身體里排出了鈣，而鈣必須要補回去。咖啡因像任何毒品一樣能夠使人上癮。身體飲用得越多，對它就越有耐受性。對有些人來說，每天只喝一杯咖啡就能養成習慣。

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