第二節 字母和字母組合發音規則講義

第二節 字母和字母組合發音規則第二節 字母和字母組合發音規則單母音音素:讀音字母字母組合說明例詞其他[i]aa在ge或te前非重讀時advantage,delicateforeheadi在詞首、非重讀、重讀音節、閉音節時ill，injure,indicate,inheritu,ui在重讀音節busy,buildy與輔音字母構成詞尾、非重讀時country,beautyay表示星期的單詞中Mondaya,e,ai,ee,ei,eo,ey,ia,ie,ui非重讀音節中comedy,captain,committeealley,foreigner,carriage,handkerchief,circuit,palace,pigeon[i:]e開音節和重讀音節中eve,femalekeyea單音節和重讀音節中meaning,leadie閉音節和以不發音的e結尾的單詞中grief,hygieneee,ei重讀音節中disagree,receive[ ]a,e,o,u,ai,ar,or,ur,ou,ureiou非重讀音節中guidance,grocery,isolate,minimum,particular,humor,pursue,jealous,lecture,cautious,certainapril,oceaner非重讀音節和詞尾中mother,misunderstandie,ia在輔音字母t或c後，並在二者都發[ ]時的非重讀音節中special,initial,patient,sufficientio後接n構成詞尾時conservation,comprehension[ :]er,ir,ur,our在重讀音節中adverb,birthday,curtain,journalor在w後framework,,worthyear在單音節中、在詞首，動詞的過去式earth,learn,heard[ ]o，au,ou在重讀音節中bottle,cough,Austriaknowledgea在音素[w]後wallet,quarrel[ :]a在字母l前並且重讀also,fallau,aw,oa,or,oreour在重讀音節中awful,courtyard,broadcast,before,corner,autumnau,or在非重讀音節中corridor,astronautaw,oaroororeour在單音節中claw,board,floor,bored,sourcear在音素[w]中quarter,warmau,ou在字母ght前taught,sought[u]o字母w後womanoo,u單音節和重讀音節中，非重讀音節中woolen,cook,buffet,bull,careful,childhood[u:]o字母wh後，字母v前whom,movieu重讀音節和非重讀音節中absolute,conclusionew,ou,oe,ui,ue單音節中crew,youth,shoe,juice,clueoo單音節或重讀音節中afternoon,bootou在字母gh前through[e]a,e,ea單音節或重讀音節中academic,any,anywhere,belt,breast,deadlinesays,said[?]a單音節或重讀音節中ban,comparative[a:]a在字木f、n、ph、sk、sp、ss、st或th前after,advance,paragraph,ask,grasp,classmae,fast,fatherare,hearta+不發音字母l,且l在字母f或m前behalf,palma在非重讀音節中garage,grandpaar在單音節、重讀音節或複合詞中，個別非重讀音節中card,harvest,part-time,harmonyau單音節或重讀音節中aunt,laughter[ ]o在字母m、n、th、v前wonder，sometime，motherland，recoveru在單音節、重度音節、非重讀音節或在字母n前為詞首sum,uncle,unfair,thunderstormoo在單音節中floodou單音節、重讀音節或在字母gh前though,touch,courage雙母音音素：讀音字母或組合說明例詞其他[ai]i,y在雙音節、重讀音節或非重讀音節中alike,behind,apologize,analyze,cycle,butterflybuy,bye,guide,guidance,heighty與字母f構成詞尾時classifyie在單輔音字母后lie,apple-pie[ei]a,ai,ay,ey,ea單音節或重讀音節中age,ashamed,brain,campaign,day,daylight,they,obey,great,breakthougha,ay非重讀音節中anticipate,birthdayei在不發音字母gh前eighty,weight[ i]oi,oy單音節或重讀音節中coin,appointment,boy,annoy[i ]e,ir在重讀音節中cafeteria,souvenirea,ear,eer,ere單音節或重讀音節real,appearance,beard,appear,beer,cheerful,there,interfereier單音節或重讀音節中fierce,barrieria在非重讀音節中bacteriaio在字母n構成詞尾companioniou在字母v或r後curious,obvious[ε ]a在重讀音節中vary,librarianair,are單音節或重讀音節中air,affair,care,compareere在副詞或連詞中elsewhere,thereforeear在單音節中pear[u ]u,ou在重讀音節中rural,touristinfluence,poorure在字母s後ensureour單音節或重讀音節中tour,tournamentua在字母l中gradually[au]ou閉音節、重讀音節或非重讀音節中bound,announce,backgroundow單音節、複合詞或後跟母音字母時cow,however,power[ u]o單音節、重讀音節或非重讀音節中cold,control,coincidencesew，oweoa在閉音節中boatou在字母l或不發音字母gh前shoulder,thoughow單音節詞首或詞尾owing,window,show單輔音音素：讀音字母及組合說明例詞其他[b]b詞首詞中或詞尾biography,combine,club[p]p詞首詞中或詞尾page,campaign,tip[d]d詞首詞中或詞尾deadline,behind[t]t詞首詞中或詞尾term,criticize,planet[g]g詞首詞中或詞尾garlic,magazine,handbaggg通常在詞中baggage[h]h在詞首或詞中時hook,inheritwh在字母o前whole[k]c在詞首或詞尾時cloth,alcoholicc後跟母音字母a,o,u或輔音字母camp,bacon,cube,crowdcc後跟母音字母accuratek詞首詞中或詞尾kettle,worker,lookck在詞中或詞尾chicken,checkch在詞首或詞中時chaos,architectureq後跟字母u時conquer[l]l詞首詞中或詞尾leak,problem,tailal在字母t或n後作詞尾時conventional,hospitalle在輔音後article,battle[r]r在詞首或詞中時rabbit,oralrr在詞中時worry[f]f,ph詞首詞中或詞尾funy,pacific,scarf,phaseff後跟母音字母、組合詞或詞尾differ,offshore,stuffgh在字母組合au或ou中laughter,rough[v]v在詞首或詞中時victim,movie[w]w在詞首或詞中時world,nationwidewh在字母a,e,i或y前whale,wheal,white,whyu在字母q後quilt[s]c與字母y或不發音的字母e結尾emergency,forcec後跟字母e或i時certainly,civils詞首詞中或詞尾select,resource,thermosss在詞中或詞尾時associate,businesssc在字母e,i,ie中scenery,scisssors,scientist讀音字母字母組合說明例句其他[z]z在詞首或詞中zipper,magazinezz在詞中時puzzles在不發音字母e前，在詞尾m前，在詞中或詞尾時accuse,socialism,cousin,alwaysss在詞中時scissorsse在母音字母后choose[ ]c在字母組合ia、ie、ion或ious前appreciate,ancient,suspicion,spacioussugarch在詞首或詞中時chef,machinet在字母組合ie、ial或ion前patient,partial,starvations,ss在字母組合ion或ure前impression,extension,assure,suresh詞首、詞中或詞尾shade,workshop,astonishsc與字母組合iou構成詞尾conscious[ ]s在字母組合ual或ure前treasure,unusual[θ]th詞首詞中或詞尾thief,author,death[e]th詞首詞中或詞尾，多數為連詞、介詞、冠詞、代詞、副詞等though,anther,booth[m]m詞首、詞中或詞尾meet,September,seemmm後跟母音字母communication[n]n詞首、詞中或詞尾nation,journal,mistakennn後跟母音字母personnelen,in,on作詞尾seven,cousin,poison[?]ng作結尾或後跟字母組合er、ing或ly時long,singer,singing,stronglyn在字母c、g、k、q或x前fuction,angle,bank,conqueranxiety雙輔音音素讀音字母字母組合說明例詞其他[ ]t在字母s後同時在字母組合ion前，在字母u前capture,actual,suggestionch詞首、詞尾、字母組合ie前或不發音字母t後achieve,chest,branch,buthcher[tr]tr後跟母音trust,patriotic[ ]g後跟字母i,e,ydigest,ecology,logicalbargaingg後跟字母esuggestionj後跟字母e,o,ujoy,object,prejudiced後跟字母組合ual,ure或iegradual,soldier,procedure[?g]ng在不是後綴的字母組合er前finger[gz]x於後面的母音字母構成重讀音節executive[sk]sc詞首或詞中scare,subscript[ks]x後跟字母e,i,p,t,不發音的h或作詞尾mixture,fox,taxi,execute,expectation,extent,exhibitioncc,xc後跟字母i,e或福音字母access,accident,excite,except,exclude其他常見音素組合讀音字母字母組合說明例詞其他[ai ]ia,ie,ire在單音節或重讀音節中diagram,dial,society,diet,hire,retiretyreio單音節、重讀音節或非重讀音節lion,violent,pioneeri在重讀音節中environment[au ]our少數單詞中flour,ourselves[ ]sure非重讀音節pleasure讀音字母字母組合說明例詞其他[j ]ia,io,ior,iar與n構成詞尾或在非重讀音節中Australia,billion,behavior,familiarfailureie在非重讀音節中convenience[ju]u在非重讀音節中congratulate[ju:]u開音節重讀音節或非重讀音節中amuse,accuse,contributeview,queueew,ui在單音節或重讀音節中new,newspaper,suit,suitcaseue單音節或非重讀音節due,continueeau在重讀音節中beautiful[ju ]u重讀或非重讀音節curiosity,curiousua非重讀音節continualue單音節中fuelure在單音節或重讀音節中secure,pure[ n]sion在母音字母后revision[ n]sion在輔音節字母后dimensiontion在母音或輔音字母后introduction,presentationssion,cian在母音字母后profession,musiciancien後跟字母tefficienttien後跟輔音字母patience[ n]tion在字母s後suggestion字母組合發音之比較字母組合讀音說明例詞其他al[ l]多數在輔音字母后作詞尾technical,traditional[?l]詞首並重讀alcohol,algebra[ :l]在字母t前或作詞首時altogether,salt字母組合讀音說明例詞其他en[en]在單音節或重讀音節中rent,sensitive[in]非重讀音節passenger[ n]在非重讀音節或詞尾中silence,strengthenine[in]非重讀音節imagine[ain]單音節、重讀音節或複合詞fine,combine,sunshinecom[k m]重讀音節或次重讀音節competition,communist[k m]重讀音節comfortable[k m]非重讀音節committeecon[k n]重讀音節conscience[k ?]在輔音字母g或q前並重讀congress,conquer[k n]非重讀音節confirmpre[pre]重讀音節president[pri]非重讀音節pretend[pri:]明確含有「在什麼之前」之意時previous不發音的字母和字母組合：字母組合說明例詞其他e通常在詞尾時不發音，有些單詞f後或n前的e不發音bite,different,suddenWdenesdayi非重讀音節或後跟字母n作詞尾business,cousinu在g後並後跟母音字母時不發音guardb在m後或t前不發音subtle,numbd在任何輔音或字母j前、在字母n後不發音judge,sandwich,adjustWednesdayg後跟字母n作詞尾時不發音sign字母或組合說明例詞其他h部分單詞中後跟字母o或i時不發音honest,vehicle，ghostk在字母n前不發音knifel在字母d,f,k或m前不發音behalf,chalk,calm,couldn在字母m後作詞尾時不發音columnp後跟sy時不發音psychologys極少數單詞中的s不發音island,consciencet在字母le或ch前，在e,s或f後不發音Christmas,castle,catch,buffet,oftenw在字母r前不發音wrinklegh在字母t前，在詞尾，某些動詞的過去式delight,thorough,foughtue在字母g,p後作詞尾cheque,colleague動詞加-ed變成過去式的讀音規則：字母讀音說明-ed[d]在濁輔音或母音後described,served[t]在清輔音後touched,relaxed[id]在字母t或d後pointed,succeeded
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