10個心理技巧幫你獲得新工作

In a competitive marketplace it"s harder than ever to stand out from others at interview.

在激烈的市場競爭中，想在面試時脫穎而出比以前更難了。

You will have followed all the usual advice: researched the organisation beforehand, dressed professionally, arrived early, avoided vomiting on the interviewer and all the rest. Now you"re starting to talk, how can you impress them?

你要遵守下面的常用建議：提前了解一下你要面試的公司，身著正裝，提前到達面試地點，避免嘔吐在面試官和所有其餘的人身上。然後你開始說話，怎麼樣你才能給你的面試官留下深刻的印象呢？

Hiring decisions are made on more than just skills and experience. It"s also about gut feelings and instinctual reactions. All sorts of subtle psychological factors come into play; so here are ten techniques which can help you give the interviewer the feeling that you are the one.

招聘決定不僅取決於技巧和經驗，還有直覺和本能反應。所有微妙的心理因素都會產生作用。下面的10個技巧將在你面試中幫助你，讓你覺得你就是他們要找的那個人。

1. Schmooze but don"t self-promote

1.閑談但不要自誇

Schmoozing is good. One study looked at 116 students just out of college trying to get their first job.The students who did best at interview were the most ingratiating: they praised the organisation, complimented the interviewer, showed enthusiasm, discussed common interests, smiled and maintained eye contact.

閑談就很好。一項調查研究了116名剛從大學畢業找他們第一份工作的大學生。調查表明，在面試中表現最好的是那些最會說話的學生。他們稱讚公司，讚美面試官，表現出極大的熱情，討論趣事，微笑並時刻保持著眼神的交流。

In contrast blatant self-promotion was surprisingly ineffective. It made little difference going on about skills, abilities and the positive events they"d been responsible for. It also didn"t help much taking charge of the interview or having impressive university scores.

相比之下，明目張胆地自我誇耀非常無效。這對你的技能，能力和你負責過的積極的事情沒有一點增光作用。.對於成功應對面試或者獲得不錯的大學考試分數也沒有很大的幫助。

So, although employers often say that work experience and qualifications are the most important factors in choosing the right person for the job, this study begs to differ. What most predicted whether they were considered a fit for the company was their ability to schmooze. It"s influence tactics that win the day.

所以，儘管老闆經常說工作經驗和人品是他們選擇適合這項工作的員工的最重要因素。但這項研究卻表明事實不是這樣的。他們考慮的最重要的員工的品質是面試者閑談的能力。是有影響力的策略贏得了這一天。

2. In control

2 控制局面

Interviewers often ask questions about how you dealt with difficult situations in the past. You"ve probably prepared an answer, but does it display the qualities the interviewer is looking for?

面試官經常會問你這樣的問題，你曾經是如何處理棘手的問題的。你也許已經準備好了一個答案，但是這個答案能反映出面試官想要的品質嗎?

To answer impressively research suggests you should emphasise how you controlled these difficult situations, rather than letting them control you.Employers want to see you are taking the initiative yourself.

想要你的回答給面試官留下深刻的印象，研究建議，你應該強調你是怎麼控制困境的而不是你怎麼被困境難倒的。你的老闆想看到你掌握了主動權。

3. Talk to yourself3自言自語

Most of us talk to ourselves from time-to-time to aid performance in many areas of our lives. It"s often said that talking to yourself is a sign of madness or certainly that you"ve been reading too many dodgy self-help books.

生活中大多數人在不同領域都會不斷的進行援助性的自言自語。自言自語的人常被認為是瘋了或是看了太多自我救助的書。

好吧,這可能有點俗,但在求職面試中，這項口頭自我指導意見似乎很有效。你可以對自己說一些「我可以舉止自信的走進房間」，「我可以微笑著和面試官有力的握手」。你也可以用同樣的方式對這裡提到的其他問題或別的問題實施此法。

Just don"t talk to yourself out loud and in front of the interviewer...

只是你自言自語的時候不要在面試官前太大聲。

4. Mental imagery

4 心理意象

If top athletes can successfully use mental imagery to improve their performance, then why not job interviewees?

如果頂尖運動員能成功地用心理意象來改善他們的表現,那面試者為什麼不能用呢?

In one study half the participants were instructed to visualise themselves feeling confident and relaxed at an upcoming job interview . Then they imagined the interview went well and they were offered the job.

在一項研究中，一半的參與者被指示想像自己在即將到來的面試中充滿自信和輕鬆。然後他們想像的面試進行得很順利並且他們得到了這項工作。

Those who used mental imagery performed better at a simulated job interview than those who didn"t. The mental imagery group also experienced less stress.

那些採用了心理意象的參與者比那些沒有採用心理意象的參與者在模擬面試中表現的更好。心理意象組還經受了更少的壓力。

5. Cut out the fake smile

5不要假笑

All the usual positive body language can help make a good impression: smiling, eye contact, forward lean and body orientation. All of these nonverbal behaviours have been shown to positively affect interviewer ratings.

所有常用的積極的肢體語言可以幫助留下一個好印象:微笑,目光接觸,身體前傾和身體的方向。所有的這些非語言行為已經被證明對面試官的評級有積極的影響。

That said, try to avoid too much fake smiling. False smiling during an interview results in less favourable evaluations than does genuine smiling. The same may well be true for all body language that might appear too fake.

所以說,盡量避免太多的假笑。在面試時假笑和真正的微笑相比會導致不利的評估。這同樣使用於所有看起來都很假的肢體語言。

6. The famous handshake

6 著名的握手

While we"re talking about body language, we might as well mention the handshake. It"s difficult to believe a handshake makes that much of a difference, but the research begs to differ.

當我們談論的身體語言,我們不妨提到握手。很難相信一個握手會產生巨大的改變,但這研究的情況不同。

Stewart et al. (2008)found that a good quality handshake did affect hiring recommendations.In this study the importance of a firm shake was greater for women.

Stewartetal.(2008)發現高質量的握手確實對招聘建議產生影響。研究還發現有力的握手對女性的重要性更大。

7.Be defensive(if required)

7 採取守勢（如果需要）

Often interview advice is to avoid being defensive.People say you shouldn"t make excuses for holes in your experience or apologise for your shortcomings.This isn"t always true.

通常的面試建議是避免採取守勢。人們說你不應該為你經驗的漏洞找借口或者對自己的自己的缺點表示遺憾。但這並不總是對的。

In fact some research suggests you shouldn"t worry about being defensive if the situation calls for it.When problems emerged in a simulated job interview,applicants who made excuses,expressed remorse and promised it wouldn"t happen again,were rated higher than those who avoided being defensive.

實際上,一些研究顯示,如果情況需要，你不應該擔心表現出採取守勢。當在一個模擬面試中出現了問題,面試者尋找借口，表示悔恨並承諾問題不會在發生。這樣的面試者將會在面試中獲得比那些避免採取防守的面試者獲得更高的評價。

8.Be upfront about weaknesses

8 坦然面自己的對弱點

Similarly,we"ve all got weak spots in our CVs,but is it best to try and cover them up or to be upfront and honest?

同樣地,在我們的簡歷中我們都寫出了我們的弱點，但是在面試時，是極力掩蓋這些弱點呢還是坦然面對？

Given that liking is the most important factor in job interviews,the problem becomes how to reveal those weak spots without damaging the interviewer"s liking for us.

考慮到面試官的喜好是面試中的最重要因素之一，問題就變為，如何在向面試官表示我們的弱點的同時而不影響面試官對我們的喜歡。

Jones and Gordon(1972)tested whether damaging revelations are best made at the start or end of an interaction.They found that when someone was upfront about weaknesses,those listening liked him more than if he concealed it until the end.

Jones and Gordon(1972) 檢驗了在交流過程中，是否壞事早講比晚講要好。他們發現如果面試者坦然面對他們的缺點，到最後面，試官會更喜歡他們，而不是喜歡隱藏缺點的面試者。

It seems that we find honesty refreshing so interviewees should be upfront about their weakness.

看上去，我們會覺得誠實會讓人印象深刻，所以面試者也應該表現自己的弱點。

Exactly the reverse is true for strengths.Coming out with your biggest achievements upfront is boastful;these make a better impression if left to the end,as though they had to be dragged out of you.There may also be a memory effect at work here.When you leave the interview on a high,that is the impression that the interviewers carry of you into their deliberations.

能力則恰恰相反。直接顯示出你最大的能耐就太過驕傲了，最後大顯身手才能給人留下更好的印象，似乎你的能耐是被人挖掘出來的。也可能是因為記憶機制的原因。當你的面試最後才達到高潮，影響面試官考慮和抉擇的或許就是你留給他們的最後印象。

9.Try to,like,cut out the,err,you know,like...all the fillers

9 不要說，就像、嗯、你知道，這類的口頭語

I"m talking to,like,you young people!Yes,you know,like,who you are,don"t you?Or,like,maybe you don"t?Whatever.

我正在和，就像，你年輕人！是的，你知道，就像，你是誰，不是嗎？或者，就像，也許你不是？管他呢。

FYI:one study has found that interviewees who overuse the word like,and put in,like,too many,errr,fillers,were found less professional and were less likely to be hired.

供參考:一項調查表明那些過度使用「就像」，或者插入「就像」「嗯」太多類似這樣的插入語的人，會被認為不專業，並且被錄用的可能性很小。

10.Be unique

10 回答獨特

You"ve learnt the same old responses to the same old interview questions.But is this wise if you want to stand out from the crowd?

你已經意識到了你千篇一律的回答著那個同樣的老問題。但是這對你脫穎而出是明智的選擇嗎?

近期的一項研究表明那些對標準問題回答獨特的面試者更具有優勢。他們發現，不同工作類型，不同年齡，不同學歷的面試官都會給回答獨特的面試者打高分。

This may be because novel answers are easier to recall and being memorable is a good thing—as long as it"s for the right reasons.

這也許是因為獨特的回答能讓面試官更容易記起你，而能被回憶起是一件好事，只要因為正當的理由。

Get some coaching

參加培訓

If you"re still not getting the nod at interview,then think about interview coaching.

如果你還沒有通過面試，那麼就考慮參加一個面試培訓吧。

Coaching can encourage you to exhibit the right body language,ingratiate yourself with the interviewer and better communicate your skills and experience.Research suggests coaching can help people improve their interview performance(Maurer et al., 2008).And in this economy you need every advantage.

培訓可以促進你展現恰當的肢體語言，很好的迎合你的面試官，培養你的交流技巧和經驗。研究表明培訓可以幫助人們提高他們的面試能力。在這個經濟時代你需要各種優勢。

推薦閱讀：