談兵論戰：空警2000類似遼寧艦量產4架已經足夠

07-18

空警2000類似遼寧艦量產4架已足夠

圖為中國空警2000型預警機，通過這款預警機的研發，中國的預警機技術已達到世界先進水平，但中國預警機技術的整體深度與廣度與美國這樣的預警機傳統強國相比還有一定差距。（資料圖）

鳳凰軍事談兵論戰 5月14日

美國「周刊」雜誌網站5月12日文章稱，中國受制於伊爾-76運輸機平台未能國產而僅生產了4架空警-2000型預警機，而與伊爾-76運輸機同級別的國產運-20運輸機尚處於研發階段，距離成為預警機平台還有很長的路要走。事實上，空警-2000作為中國首款國產預警機，其4架的量產數量已經足夠，這款劃時代的預警機堪稱中國預警機領域內的「遼寧」艦，而與「遼寧」艦類似，作為實驗色彩大於實用色彩的驗證為主的裝備，比空警2000更新更完善的全新型號才應是中國空軍的真正力量倍增器。

伊爾-76：從未是預警機的最佳選擇

無論是蘇聯還是中國，在準備研發本國大型預警機時，伊爾-76都成了不二之選。作為蘇聯研發的噸位最大的戰術運輸機，伊爾-76確實擁有不俗的性能，但對於預警機平台而言，它就顯得太粗糙了。事實上，早在蘇聯A50預警機服役之初，關於伊爾-76的負面評價就不少，例如這款運輸機缺乏必要的隔音措施，在機艙內若不佩戴必要的防護設備，持續的最高120分貝的噪音就會造成乘員耳膜的不可逆損傷。除此之外，伊爾-76即使在被改裝為預警機之後，機上甚至沒有必要的廚房烹調設施與廁所，直到中晚期型號才為雷達操作人員配備了戰鬥機飛行員用的排泄裝置，與歐美從一開始就採用客機平台而自然擁有的洗手間與生活保障設施相差甚遠。目前還不清楚同樣採用伊爾-76運輸機平台的中國空警2000在這方面都進行了哪些改進。

如果說生活設施上的局限還能克服，那麼伊爾-76作為飛行平台的性能硬傷已經影響到了預警機整體性能的發揮。目前，採用伊爾-76運輸機平台的A50與空警2000預警機的空中巡邏時間均為5小時左右，相比之下，即使是最初型號的美國E3預警機（採用波音707平台）也能達到8小時，日本採用的E-767則能達到10小時（波音767客機平台搭載E3預警機雷達）。這種局限無疑是伊爾-76運輸機採用的D-30系列渦輪風扇發動機的高油耗造成的。伊爾76採用的D30發動機與波音707採用的CFM56發動機相比，前者最大推力為117.6千牛，後者最大推力是160千牛，而前者的油耗竟然達到了後者的1.8倍。而中國受制於本國長期裹足不前的航空發動機研發，無力為伊爾76換裝性能足夠的國產發動機，因此空警2000的雷達性能無論如何先進，平台的局限也將使其整體性能與世界同類預警機相比有明顯差距。

由此可見，伊爾-76實際上就是中蘇在缺乏更合適平台的情況下，不得不選用的粗糙平台。事實上，放眼國際大型預警機研發，客機都是最主要的搭載平台，只有在極少數的情況下採用的運輸機與轟炸機作為搭載平台。預警機的研發實際上是預警雷達與搭載平台良好結合的結果，當我們擁有了類似C919這類國產成熟平台之後，將空警-2000的雷達進行簡單移植顯然是不可能的。與其這樣，還不如先通過空警2000一方面解決有與無的問題，滿足中國對預警機的急需，另一方面也為日後立足國產運輸機或客機平台全新研發國產預警機打好基礎。從這個角度上講，4架空警2000還是夠用的。

相關新聞：

·解放軍殲-11西南邊境掛彈練實戰空警-200疑參與·官媒首次曝光空警-2000預警機神秘雷達內部照·中國空警-500反隱身戰力強不懼F-22戰機攻擊·空警2000領先美軍E3C一代能看清20公里外劃火柴·運20助中國預警機勝日本或成戰鬥型空中航母

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