口語|三級四式好好說話

口語|三級四式好好說話

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咱們和雅思托福及所有面試口語斗,鬥來鬥去無外乎兩個問題--說說好和好好說。前者涉及到英語語言本身辭彙語法那一套技術,後者就是要建立思維邏輯講話答題的系統。很多學生沒話講,不知如何講,講不下去,講亂了,亂講等,今天我們來試著解決這些問題。

三級四式法

你要回答一個問題,回答的是一整段話而不是一句話,你要建立一個體系,這個體系可以有三級。

首先是第一級,通常它是一個點,也是一句話。一個你要花整個一段去闡明的點!

然後是第二級,通常它是一種方式,可以是好多句話。你要用一種或幾種方式去支持第一級的那個點,這裡的方式有四種。

1. 原因或結果

2. 分具體情況做排比或並列的說明

3. 舉一個事例

4. 反向對比說明

可以有第三級,也可以沒有。有的時候第二級里也會拋出一個觀點,那麼可以把這個觀點在加以說明,用的方式還是上述的四種。

我們來看一個例子。請出奧巴馬第一次勝選演說的一段。我來做個三級四式的說明。

But above all, I will

never forget who this victory truly belongs to. It belongs to you. It belongs

to you(本段一級點,主要闡明對民眾的感謝,勝利屬於人民).I was never the likeliest candidate

for this office(二級點,陳述原因,因為開始的時候我的勝選面不大). We didn』t start with much money or manyendorsements.

Our campaign was not hatched in the halls of Washington. It began in the

backyards of Des Moines and the living rooms of Concord and the front porches

of Charleston. It was built by working men and women who dug into what little

savings they had to give $5 and $10 and $20 to the cause(三級點,解釋二級點為什麼勝選面不大,因為我沒錢也沒人,是從普通百姓家開始的,三級點論述過程中運用了具體情況排比).It grew strength from the young people who

rejected the myth of their generation』s apathy who left their homes

and their families for jobs that offered little pay and less sleep.It drew

strength from the not-so-young people who braved the bitter cold and scorching

heat to knock on doors of perfect strangers, and from the millions of Americans

who volunteered and organized and proved that more than two centuries later a

government of the people, by the people, and for the people has not perished

from the Earth.This is your victory.(二級點,分情況說明,展現民眾為勝選所做的貢獻)

但最重要的是,我永遠不會忘記這一勝利真正屬於誰。它屬於你們!我從來都不是總統的最佳人選。剛開始時我們沒有太多經費也沒有很多要人的支持。我們的競選不是孵化自華盛頓的會議大廳,而是始於得梅因(美國衣阿華Iowa州的首府)的後院、康科德市普通人家的客廳、以及查爾斯頓的某個前廊。這一勝利來自於普通工薪階層人民,他們從微薄的積蓄中拿出五元、十元來支持我們的理念。我們的勝利來自於年輕人--那些遠離家人承擔辛苦但收入微薄的競選工作的年輕人。他們反駁了關於他們是冷漠的一代的謬論。我們的勝利也來自於那些已不再年輕的人們,他們在嚴寒或酷暑中走街串巷向完全陌生的選民進行宣傳。我們的勝利來自數以百萬計的美國人民,他們的志願參與和組織證明了兩個多世紀之後,那個民有、民治、民享的政府仍然長存。這個勝利屬於你們!

不曉得有多少人會去精讀這一段話,估計很少有人會用心的體會背後真正引導這段話的邏輯體系也就是他說話的方式。當然,從聽說互通的角度,在體會思維邏輯前更基本的是對於辭彙和語法的學習。

所以在雅思和托福里,當你在回答一個問題或者解釋一個點的時候,不要只用一句話,因為那很low,請你用三級四式法擴展成一段。

舉個例子,托福的吧。2017.2.25 TASK1 真題

Your friend will move to a school and worry

about making new friends there. What kind of advice will you give to help him

make new friends there?

你只有不到20秒的時間來思考,要快要准,用三級四式

一級:朋友要有共同愛好

二級:原因!有了共同愛好,就有的聊,就能一切從事這些愛好從而增長感情,繼而相處融洽。

三級:分具體情況!愛好可以有很多啊,比如體育,音樂,電子遊戲。此處要用到橄欖球,lady gaga,dota等具體例子做說明。

答案:Well, i would suggest my friend to make new friends

with those who have things in common with him like same or similar hobbies.

Because once people share some things in common, hobbies in particular, they

will have many topics to talk about and share together. Even they can start or

strengthen their friendship by doing those hobbies which are really the

foundation for them to get along well with each other. Besides, hobbies are

many like sports, music and video games. My friends may meet new guys who also

like American football or lady gaga as he does or who are crazy about playing

dota as he is, then he should make friends with them.

------柏學教育教師:劉柳


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