一行禪師：意識是什麼？What is consciousness?

一行禪師答問 2012年英國諾丁漢大學

什麼是心？什麼是意識？

I want to know what is this consciousness? this mind?

我想知道什麼是意識？什麼是心？

Is it just a part of my physical body?

它們是我們肉體的一部分？

Or is it something else?

還是其他東西？

Where does it come from?

意識從哪裡來？

In neuro-science, they speak

of background consciousness,

神經科學講的底層意識

which is very much equivalent

to our store consciousness.

就很類似我們的藏識

In Buddhism,

we speak of store consciousness,

在佛教里，我們稱之為藏識

as a part of consciousness that

always operates day and night.

它是意識的一部分，日夜發揮作用

Store consciousness

is capable of receiving information,

藏識能接受信息

storing information,

儲存信息

processing information,

處理信息

and keep learning.

並不斷學習

When you drive a car, it is

your store consciousness that is driving,

當你開車的時候，是你的藏識在開車

not your mental mind consciousness.

並不是你的心意識在開車

In the beginning, when you learn driving,

you have to use your mind consciousness.

開始的時候，你學開車的時候，你需要用你的意識

You have to focus your attention.

你得集中你的注意力

It is difficult.

這很困難

But in the process of doing so,

store consciousness learns.

但是在這個過程中，藏識會學習

And finally, you don"t have to think about it

最終，你不需要思考它

and you can drive like that, but your mind

is thinking about other things.

你可以開車的同時，心裡想著別的事情

So, store consciousness

is practically doing most of the things,

所以，藏識實際上做了大部分的事情

including driving a car.

包括開車

During the night, when you are sleeping,

你晚上睡覺的時候

and if your body feels cold,

your hand reaches out for a blanket.

當你的身體感到冷的時候，你的手就會去找毯子

That is store consciousness,

not mind consciousness.

這是藏識，不是意識

Your mind consciousness might be in a dream.

你的意識可能在做夢

You might see something such as

you are swimming in an icy lake.

你可能會看到什麼，例如你在冰冷的湖水裡游泳

You can sit like that and

you reach out for a blanket,

像你現在這樣坐著，伸手拿毯子

that is store consciousness.

這是藏識

Mind consciousness is much slower.

意識遲緩多了

While you are driving,

if you encounter something

當你開車的時候，如果遇到什麼狀況

and you can very quickly

take action to avoid an accident,

你可以非常迅速反應避免事故

that is store consciousness

那是藏識

You have learned and

reacted very quickly.

這些都是學來的，反應非常快

If you had to wait for your mind

to make a decision, it might be too late.

如果等你的意識來作決定，就太遲了

That is why, we can conclude that

mind is slower and more expensive also.

所以我們可以說意識很遲緩，代價更高

Because our brain spends a lot of energy

因為我們的大腦要消耗很多能量

while our store spends much less energy.

而我們的藏識消耗的能量少很多

Mind consciousness is

a kind of consciousness

意識是一種

that can stop operate

all together from time to time

可以經常停止運行的識

while store consciousness always continues.

而藏識則始終在運行

When you are in a coma,

mind consciousness may stop operating.

當你昏迷不醒的時候，意識可能停止了運作

Or when you enter a kind of

concentration, called no mind concentration,

當你進入一種專註的狀態，被稱之為無意識的專註

you also stop your mind completely.

你就徹底停止了你的意識

Your mind is not thinking at all.

你的心不再思考

And mind consciousness can

operate jointly with eye consciousness,

意識可以和眼識一起作用

ear consciousness, nose, tongue, body.

也可以和耳識、鼻識、舌識、身識一起運作

And mind can operate alone.

意識可以獨立運作

When you shut down all the windows

of five senses, mind can work by its own.

關閉五根之門，意識可以獨立工作

When you practice deep concentration,

當你進入甚深的禪定時

you can ignore everything

happening around you,

你可以忽略周圍的一切

you close all the five sense doors,

你關閉了所有五根之門

and you are deep in object of

meditation with mind consciousness.

你的意識深深地關注在禪定的所緣上

And mind consciousness can be

in the state of concentration,

意識可以處於禪定的狀態

mind consciousness can be

in the state of confusion.

意識也可以處於散亂的狀態

The opposite of

concentration is mind in dispersion.

禪定的反面就是心的散亂

And mind consciousness

can be in the state of psychosis.

意識也可以處於精神病症的狀態

In the teaching of the Buddha,

在佛陀的教導中

whether it is mind consciousness

or store consciousness,

不管是意識還是藏識

it has to lean on the body.

都依賴於肉體

It cannot manifest without the body.

它不能脫離肉體而展現

And the body also cannot

be on its own without consciousness.

身體也不能脫離識而成為身體

So body and mind inter-are,

similar to the left and the right.

所以身心相互依存，就像左和右

If you think that the body can be

without the mind, that is wrong.

如果你覺得身體可以脫離意識存在，是錯的

That is not a living body, that is a dead body.

那不是活生生的身體，那是一具屍體

That is why, mind must lean

on the body to be mind

所以心需要依賴於身體才成其為心

and body has to lean on mind

in order to be a body.

身體必須依賴於心才能成為身體

Mind and body inter-are and

they manifest at the same time.

身心相互依存，同時呈現

You cannot say that the body is first and the mind is later.

你不能說身先心後

There is a process

of mutual manifestation.

這是互相呈現的過程

If you go deeper, you see that

mind is a kind of body,

如果繼續深入，心是某種形式的身

and body is a kind of mind

身是某種形式的心

Your body is, first of all,

an object of your mind.

身體，首先就是心的對境

Not only your body, but everything else

like a flower or a tree or a mountain

不僅身體，其他萬事萬物，例如花、樹、山

you may think that they are objects

or things existing outside of your mind.

你可能會覺得它們獨立存在於你心外

But the only thing

that you can be sure of,

但是你能確定的唯一事情

the mountain, the flower, the tree

are objects of your mind.

山、花、樹都是心的對境

And you cannot demonstrate that

these things exist outside of your mind.

你不能說這些事物獨立於你的心而存在

And you still behave as if

they exist outside of your mind.

雖然從日常行為而言，它們好像在你的心外

But in this teaching,

但是在佛教里

your body, your environment,

everything is an object of your mind.

你的身體、環境、萬事萬物都是心的對境

That is why, in the teaching of Buddha,

there are four realms of meditation.

所以，佛教里，有四個安頓心念的處所

You meditate on your body,

you meditate on your feelings,

身念處、受念處

you meditate on your perceptions, you

meditate on the objects of your perception,

心念處、法念處

which is the object of your mind.

法念處也就是心的對境

Mind is an object of meditation and

object of mind is an object of meditation

心是念處，心的對境也是念處

instead of saying mind

and reality are outside of the mind.

不說心和獨立於心的實在

And in Buddhism, we always say

mind and objects of mind.

在佛教里，我們通常說心和心的對境

Mind and objects of mind inter-are.

心和心的對境互相依存

Without mind, there is no objects of mind.

沒有心，就沒有心的對境

Without objects of mind, there is no mind.

沒有心的對境，也就沒有心

And if you look deeply,you see that notion

of mind and matter should be removed.

如果你深入觀照，你就發現意識和物質的概念應該被移除

Our distinction between mind

and matter is an obstacle.

我們對於意識和物質的區分形成一種障礙

And nowadays, scientists have discovered

that an elephant is very intelligent.

如今，科學家發現大象非常聰明

There is mind in it.

And somehow, it has mind.

它有意識，具有某種意識

So when we look at the planet Earth,

if we see that it is a block of matter,

當我們看地球的時候，如果認為它是一堆物質

we are wrong.

這樣就錯了

We have to begin to see

the Earth as a living organism.

我們必須要把地球當成活生生的有機體

And to describe the Earth

as the mind only is wrong.

如果覺得地球僅僅是意識也是錯的

To describe Mother Earth

as the matter only is wrong.

覺得地球僅僅是物質也是錯的

We have to transcend both notions.

我們要超越這兩種觀念

And the same thing applies to us.

對於我們自己的看法，同樣也是如此

In Buddhism, we say

Nama-rupa, body and mind.

在佛教里，我們說名色，就是指身心二者

But Nama-rupa lean on

each other to manifest.

但是名色是相互依存的

And yesterday, we learned about action.

昨天，我們學習了「行」

Our action continues always and our action

is a kind of energy, produced by us.

我們的「行」不斷持續，是我們創造的一種能量

And energy can manifest itself into

mind-body again and again.

能量可以在身心之中不斷地展現出來

And it is possible

if we live in mindfulness,

如果我們能帶著正念生活

we can assure a more

beautiful continuation in the future

我們可以確保向將來有一個更美好的延續

as Nama-rupa, mind-body.

以名色或者身心的形式

Mind-body are not tools.

身和心並不是工具

Subtitles by the Amara.org community

字幕譯制：英語佛教

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