《地球很美有賴你》 中英

地球很美有賴你 請聽我說，你跟我一樣 是聰明的人類 Listen to me, please. You"re like me, a homo sapiens, a wise human. 生命是宇宙的奇蹟 Life, a miracle in the universe, appeared around 4 billion years ago. 開始於四十億年前 And we humans only 200,000 years ago. 人類只得二十萬年曆史 我們卻破壞了生命必須的平衡 Yet we have succeeded in disrupting the balance so essential to life. Listen carefully to this extraordinary story, which is yours, 請細聽這特別的故事 你自已的故事 and decide what you want to do with it. 然後決定你應該做什麼 這是我們的起源 These are traces of our origins. 最初 我們的星球不過是一團渾沌的火球 At the beginning, our planet was no more than a chaos of fire, a cloud of agglutinated dust particles, 在太陽下成形黏聚的塵粒形成雲塊 like so many similar clusters in the universe. 就像宇宙裡面許多類似的星雲 Yet this is where the miracle of life occurred. 生命的奇蹟在此誕生 今天，我們的生命 Today, life, our life, is just a link in a chain of innumerable living beings 是地球上無數生物形成的生命鏈 其中一環 that have succeeded one another on Earth over nearly 4 billion years. 四十億年來 這些生物不斷被繼承被取代 即使到了今天 And even today, 新的火山繼續改變我們的景觀 new volcanoes continue to sculpt our landscapes. 它們讓我們看到盤古初開時 地球的樣子 They offer a glimpse of what our Earth was like at its birth, molten rock surging from the depths, 熔化的岩石從深處湧出 solidifying, cracking, blistering or spreading in a thin crust, 開始凝固、斷裂、發泡、形成薄層 然後暫時回復沉睡的狀態 before falling dormant for a time. 這些從地球內臟向上繚繞的煙霧 These wreathes of smoke curling from the bowels of the Earth 是地球原本大氣層成分的見證 bear witness to the Earth"s original atmosphere. An atmosphere devoid of oxygen. 那是沒有氧氣的大氣層 A dense atmosphere, thick with water vapor, 稠密的大氣層 充滿水蒸氣和二氧化碳 full of carbon dioxide. 一個熔爐 A furnace. 地球與太陽之間的距離適中 The Earth cooled. The water vapor condensed and fell in torrential downpours. At the right distance from the sun, not too far, not too near, 不太遠、不太近 the Earth"s perfect balance enabled it to conserve water 完美的平衡令水處於液體狀態 in liquid form. 水匯成河流 The water cut channels. 就像人體的血管 樹木的枝丫，樹液的導管 They are like the veins of a body, the branches of a tree, the vessels of the sap that the water gave to the Earth. 水溶解了岩石的礦物質 The rivers tore minerals from rocks, adding them to the oceans" freshwater. 流到低處成為海洋 淡水漸變鹹水 And the oceans became heavy with salt. 我們來自什麼地方？ Where do we come from? Where did life first spark into being? 生命從那裡開始？ 一個時光奇蹟 A miracle of time, primitive life forms still exist in the globe"s hot springs. 地球上的溫泉仍然有 最原始的生命體存活 They give them their colors. They"re called archeobacteria. 它們賦予溫泉顏色 它們叫做[古細菌] 它們都依靠地球熱能生存 They all feed off the Earth"s heat. All except the cyanobacteria, 除藍綠藻外 or blue-green algae. 它們可以向著太陽來吸取其能量 They alone have the capacity to turn to the sun to capture its energy. 它們是古今所有植物品種的 最重要祖先 They are a vital ancestor of all yesterday"s and today"s plant species. 這些微小的細菌及其數以億計的後代 These tiny bacteria and their billions of descendants changed the destiny of our planet. 改變了地球的命運 它們改造了大氣層 They transformed its atmosphere. 毒害大氣層的碳去了那裡？ What happened to the carbon that poisoned the atmosphere? 它還存在 It"s still here, imprisoned in the Earth"s crust. 只是被[囚禁]在地殼 大峽谷過去是微型生物的海洋 Here, there once was a sea, inhabited by micro-organisms. 它們吸取從大氣層溶解到水裡的碳 並生長外殼 They grew shells by tapping into the atmosphere"s carbon now dissolved in the ocean. 它們死後 These strata are the accumulated shells 外殼沉到海床堆疊起來 of those billions and billions of micro-organisms. 全賴它們 Thanks to them, the carbon drained from the atmosphere 從大氣層排出的碳和其他 and other life forms could develop. 生命實體得以發展 生命改變了大氣層 It is life that altered the atmosphere. 植物靠太陽能存活 Plant life fed off the sun"s energy, 這能量使植物將氧氣從水份釋放出來 which enabled it to break apart the water molecule and take the oxygen. 空氣因而充滿氧氣 And oxygen filled the air. 地球的水不斷更新循環 The Earth"s water cycle is a process of constant renewal. 瀑布、水蒸氣、雲雨泉川海洋冰川 Waterfalls, water vapor, clouds, rain, springs, rivers, seas, oceans, glaciers... The cycle is never broken. 這循環周而復始 There"s always the same quantity of water on Earth. 地球的水量恆久不變 All the successive species on Earth have drunk the same water. 歷來的生物都喝同樣的水 The astonishing matter that is water. 水是令人驚訝的物質 One of the most unstable of all. 是最不穩定的一種 It takes a liquid form as running water, 流水是液體、水蒸氣是氣體 冰塊是固體 gaseous as vapor, or solid as ice. 在西伯利亞 In Siberia, the frozen surfaces of the lakes in winter 冬天結冰的湖面積聚水的力量 contain the trace of the forces that water deploys when it freezes. 冰比水輕因而浮於水面 Lighter than water, the ice floats. 不致沉到湖底 It forms a protective mantle against the cold, 它形成禦寒的保護膜 其下生命可以延續 under which life can go on. 生命的引擎連鎖結合 The engine of life is linkage. 一切都連結起來 Everything is linked. 沒有東西是自給自足的 Nothing is self-sufficient. Water and air are inseparable, 水和空氣不可分割 united in life and for our life on Earth. 為了地球上的生命而結合 Sharing is everything. 從雲層窺望的大片綠色 是空氣中的氧氣 The green expanse through the clouds is the source of oxygen in the air. 我們的肺部充滿氧氣 要是沒有氧氣 70% of this gas, 肺不能運作 without which our lungs cannot function, 七成氧氣來自海中藍綠藻 comes from the algae that tint the surface of the oceans. 地球要依賴萬物各司其職 各取所需的生態平衡 Our Earth relies on a balance, in which every being has a role to play and exists only through the existence of another being. 細膩而脆弱的和諧很易破碎 A subtle, fragile harmony that is easily shattered. 藍綠藻和貝殼結婚生下珊瑚 Thus, corals are born from the marriage of algae and shells. Coral reefs cover less than 1% of the ocean floor, 澳洲大堡礁面積三十五萬平方里 but they provide a habitat for thousands of species of fish, mollusks and algae. 哺育千五種魚、四千軟體動物 四百種珊瑚 The equilibrium of every ocean depends on them. 每個海洋的生態平衡都依靠這些珊瑚 地球計算時間乃以十億年計 The Earth counts time in billions of years. 它花了四十億年去製造樹木 It took more than 4 billion years for it to make trees. 在物種的鏈環中 In the chain of species, trees are a pinnacle, 樹木是至高無上的 a perfect, living sculpture. 是完美的活的雕塑 它們蔑視地心吸力 Trees defy gravity. They are the only natural element in perpetual movement toward the sky. 它們是唯一永恆地移向天空的 自然元素 They grow unhurriedly toward the sun that nourishes their foliage. 它們的枝葉不疾不徐地向著太陽生長 它們從微小的古細菌繼承了 吸收光線能量的能力 They have inherited from these miniscule cyanobacteria the power to capture light"s energy. They store it and feed off it, 它們儲存並利用此能量 turning it into wood and leaves, 並使其變成木材和樹葉 which then decompose into a mixture of water, mineral, 然後又分解成水、礦物、蔬菜 和生物的混合物 vegetable and living matter. 於是生命不可或缺的土壤逐漸形成 And so, gradually, soils are formed. 土壤是生物多元性的工廠 Soils teem with the incessant activity of micro-organisms, 它們是不斷活動的世界 feeding, digging, aerating and transforming. 微生物覓食、挖掘、透氣、蛻變 They make the humus, the fertile layer to which all life on land is linked. 它們製造腐植土 在這肥沃的土層上 所有陸上生命互相緊扣 What do we know about life on Earth? 地球上的生命我們知道什麼？ How many species are we aware of? A tenth of them? 我們認識多少品種？ A hundredth perhaps? 十分之一？百分之一？ What do we know about the bonds that link them? 地球是個奇蹟，生命仍是個謎 The Earth is a miracle. Life remains a mystery. 動物的家族得以形成 Families of animals form, united by customs and rituals 至今仍存的習慣和儀式使它們凝聚 that are handed down through the generations. 有些適應了環境 Some adapt to the nature of their pasture and their pasture adapts to them. 有些是環境適應它們 And both gain. The animal sates its hunger and the tree can blossom again. 生命在地球上是偉大的歷險 In the great adventure of life on Earth, every species has a role to play, 每種生物各有其位，各司其職 every species has its place. 沒有多餘或有害 None is futile or harmful. They all balance out. 它們互相平衡 你們這些聰明的人類 And that"s where you, homo sapiens, wise human, 在這成為主角 enter the story. 你們從地球四十億年的遺產受惠 You benefit from a fabulous 4-billion-year-old legacy bequeathed by the Earth. 你們只得二十萬年曆史 You are only 200,00000 years old, 但你們改變了世界的面貌 but you have changed the face of the world. 雖有弱點 Despite your vulnerability, you have taken possession of every habitat 但你們佔據了所有棲息地 and conquered swathes of territory, like no other species before you. 征服所有土地 任何生物都未嘗做過 經過十八萬年的游牧歲月 After 180,00000 nomadic years, and thanks to a more clement climate, 氣候變得溫和 人類開始安定下來 humans settled down. 他們不再以打獵為生 They no longer depended on hunting for survival. 他們定居於充滿漁獵 和野生植物的濕地 They chose to live in wet environments that abounded in fish, game and wild plants. 這裡土地、水和生命混合 There where land, water and life combine. 即使今天 Even today, the majority of humankind lives on the continents" coastlines 大部分人類都靠著海岸 河邊和湖畔居住 or the banks of rivers and lakes. 他們開始進化 Across the planet, one person in four 但他們可用的能量只是雙臂 和大自然賦予的東西 lives as humankind did 6,00000 years ago, their only energy that which nature provides season after season. 這是人類數千年來的故事 也是現今四分一人類 即十五億人的故事 It"s the way of life of 1.5 billion people, more than the combined population of all the wealthy nations. 這數目是富裕國家人口的總和 但生命的期待短暫 But life expectancy is short and hard labor takes its toll. 艱苦勞動大行其道 The uncertainties of nature weigh on daily life. 大自然的不可預知加重日常負擔 教育是罕有特權 Education is a rare privilege. 子女是家庭唯一資產 Children are a family"s only asset as long as every extra pair of hands 每雙手對家庭的生存都要作出貢獻 is a necessary contribution to its subsistence. 人類的天份在於經常洞悉自已的弱點 Humanity"s genius is to have always had a sense of its weakness. 他們很想擴張領土 但自知力有不逮 The physical strength, with which nature insufficiently endowed humans, 大自然不曾賦予他們的能量和氣力 is found in animals that help them to discover new territories. 他們在動物身上找到 並馴養它們作僕役 空著肚子怎去征服世界？ But how can you conquer the world on an empty stomach? 人類發明耕種 The invention of agriculture turned our history on end. 把自已到處覓食的野獸本質徹底改變 八千至一萬年前開始 It was less than 10,00000 years ago. 農業改寫了人類歷史 Agriculture was our first great revolution. 並出現首次盈餘 It resulted in the first surpluses and gave birth to cities and civilizations. 催生了城市和文明 數千年艱苦覓食的記憶逐漸淡忘 The memory of thousands of years scrabbling for food faded. 他們學會將穀類適應不同的土壤 和氣候 Having made grain the yeast of life, we multiplied the number of varieties and learned to adapt them to our soils and climates. 他們學會增加農作物的收成和種類 像地球上所有動物 We are like every species on Earth. Our principal daily concern is to feed ourselves. 人類每天首要任務是餵飽自已和家人 當土瘠水稀的時候 When the soil is less than generous and water becomes scarce, 人類要為乾燥耕地 we are able to deploy prodigious efforts to extract 作適當的籌謀部署 from the land enough to live on. 人類以極大的耐性和專註去模塑土地 Humans shaped the land with the patience and devotion the Earth demands in an almost sacrificial ritual performed over and over. 近乎祭神儀式般不停地重複 Agriculture is still the world"s most widespread occupation. 農業仍然是世界上最普遍的職業 一半人類仍在耕種土地 四分三用人手 Half of humankind tills the soil, over three-quarters of them by hand. Agriculture is like a tradition handed down from generation to generation 農業像傳統般一代接一代 in sweat, graft and toil, 有血有汗地薪火相傳 because for humanity it is a prerequisite of survival. 因它是人類生存的先決條件 人類依賴人力日久 But after relying on muscle-power for so long, humankind found a way 開始發掘地上能量 to tap into the energy buried deep in the Earth. 這些火焰也來自植物 These flames are also from plants. A pocket of sunlight. 一束陽光 道地的能量，太陽的能量 Pure energy. The energy of the sun, captured over millions of years by millions of plants 於一億年前被數以百萬計的樹木 俘虜了超過數百萬年 more than 100 million years ago. It"s coal. It"s gas. 那是煤，是天然氣 更重要的是石油 And, above all, it"s oil. 這束陽光把人類從辛勞的犁土 解放出來 And this pocket of sunlight freed humans from their toil on the land. 石油令人類從時間的束縛解放開來 With oil began the era of humans who break free of the shackles of time. 石油令一部分人得享從未有過的舒適 With oil, some of us acquired unprecedented comforts. And in 50 years, in a single lifetime, 僅僅五十年 僅僅一代人的時間 the Earth has been more radically changed 地球發生根本變化 than by all previous generations of humanity. 是歷來人類從未體驗 越來越快 Faster and faster. In the last 60 years, 過去六十年 the Earth"s population has almost tripled. 人類人口倍增超過二十億人移居城市 And over 2 billion people have moved to the cities. 越來越快 Faster and faster. Shenzhen, in China, 深圳四十年前只是偏僻漁村 with hundreds of skyscrapers and millions of inhabitants, was just a small fishing village barely 40 years ago. 現擁有數以百計的摩天大樓 和千萬人口 越來越快 Faster and faster. 二十年來上海建了三千巨廈 In Shanghai, 3,00000 towers and skyscrapers have been built in 20 years. Hundreds more are under construction. 數百商廈馬上就要落成 今天 地球上七十億人口一半住在城市 Today, over half of the world"s 7 billion inhabitants live in cities. 紐約 New York. 世界上第一個超級城市 The world"s first megalopolis is the symbol of the exploitation of the energy the Earth supplies 是人類無止境地剝削地球資源的象徵 to human genius. The manpower of millions of immigrants, 數百萬移民的人力資源 the energy of coal, the unbridled power of oil. 煤的能量及無約束的石油力量 美國最先發現和利用這珍貴 而具革命性能量的[黑金] America was the first to harness the phenomenal, revolutionary power of "black gold". 機器取代人力 In the fields, machines replaced men. 一升石油等於一百雙手 在一天產生的能量 A liter of oil generates as much energy as 100 pairs of hands in 24 hours. 美國只有三百萬農夫 In the United States, only 3 million farmers are left. 他們出產的穀物 They produce enough grain to feed 2 billion people. 可以餵飽二十億人口 但大部分穀物並非用作食糧 But most of that grain is not used to feed people. 就像其他工業國 Here, and in all other industrialized nations, 穀物用來喂牲口或作生化燃料 it is transformed into livestock feed or biofuels. 令耕地乾旱的妖魔被陽光的能量趕走 The pocket of sunshine"s energy chased away the specter of drought that stalked farmland. 所有泉水用作耕種 No spring escapes the demands of agriculture, which accounts for 70% of humanity"s water consumption. 人類七成用水靠它 大自然的一切都互相連繫 In nature, everything is linked. The expansion of cultivated land and single-crop farming 耕地的拓展和單一穀物的種植 鼓勵寄生蟲的繁殖 encouraged the development of parasites. 石油化工革命帶來的殺蟲劑 把它們殺光 Pesticides, another gift of the petrochemical revolution, exterminated them. 農作失收和饑荒成為湮遠回憶 Bad harvests and famine became a distant memory. The biggest headache now 眼前最頭痛是如何處理現代農業 帶來的盈餘 was what to do with the surpluses engendered by modern agriculture. 有毒的殺蟲劑滲進空氣、泥土 動植物和河海 But toxic pesticides seeped into the air, soil, plants, animals, rivers and oceans. 它們入侵一切生命 賴以生存的細胞核心 They penetrated the heart of cells similar to the mother cell shared by all forms of life. Are they harmful to the humans they released from hunger? 它們對其免於飢餓的人類有害嗎？ These farmers in their yellow protective suits 這些穿著黃色保護衣物的農夫 probably have a good idea. 可能有更好的主意 新興農業免除了對土壤和季節的依賴 Then came fertilizers, another petrochemical discovery. 肥田料令小片土地 出產前所未見的豐富收成 They produced unprecedented results on plots of land thus far ignored. 適應了土地和氣候的穀物 Crops adapted to soils and climates gave way to the most productive varieties and easiest to transport. 被多產和易於運輸的品種所取代 於是在上一世紀 And so, in the last century, three-quarters of the varieties developed by farmers 農夫在過去數千年 哺育發展的四分三品種全部絕種 over thousands of years have been wiped out. 極目所見 As far as the eye can see, fertilizer below, plastic on top. 肥料在下、塑料在上的艾美利亞溫室 是歐洲的菜園 The greenhouses of Almeria, Spain, are Europe"s vegetable garden. A city of uniformly sized vegetables waits every day 大批形狀整齊的蔬菜 每天等候數以百計的卡車 for hundreds of trucks to take them to the continent"s supermarkets. 把它們運送到歐洲大陸的超級市場 國家越發展 The more a country develops, the more meat its inhabitants consume. 國民吃肉就越多 不依靠集中營式牛場 How can growing worldwide demand be satisfied without recourse 如何滿足全球需求增長越來越快 to concentration camp-style cattle farms? Faster and faster. 牲口可能一生未見過草原 Like the life cycle of livestock, which may never see a meadow. Manufacturing meat faster than the animal has become a daily routine. 比動物一生更快的制肉工序成 日常程序 被數百萬牛隻踐踏的遼闊飼場 寸草不生 In these vast foodlots, trampled by millions of cattle, not a blade of grass grows. 一隊隊卡車從全國各地運來數以噸計 的穀物、黃豆和豐富蛋白質的顆粒 A fleet of trucks from every corner of the country brings tons of grain, soy meal and protein-rich granules that will become tons of meat. 最終變成一噸噸的肉 結杲是生產一公斤馬鈴薯 要一百公升水 The result is that it takes 100 liters of water to produce 1 kilogram of potatoes, 一公斤米要四千公升水 4,00000 liters for 1 kilo of rice 一公斤牛肉要一萬三千公升水 and 13,00000 liters for 1 kilo of beef. Not to mention the oil guzzled in the production process and transport. 還有在生產和運輸過程被耗掉的石油 我們的農業要靠石油推動 Our agriculture has become oil-powered. 它養活地球上雙倍的人口 It feeds twice as many humans on Earth, but has replaced diversity with standardization. 但多元性被標準化取代 它讓我們享受到夢中才有的舒適 It gives many of us comforts we could only dream of, but it makes our way of life totally dependent on oil. 但卻使我們的生活方式完全倚賴石油 這是新的時間觀念 This is the new measure of time. 我們的時鐘隨著那 不言倦的陽光機器的節奏一起擺動 Our world"s clock now beats to the rhythm of indefatigable machines tapping into the pocket of sunlight. 整個地球對我們寄託 The whole planet is attentive to these metronomes 希望和幻想的節拍器非常注意 of our hopes and illusions. The same hopes and illusions that proliferate along with our needs, 同樣的希望和幻想隨著我們的需求 increasingly insatiable desires and profligacy. 以及越來越難以滿足的慾望 和放蕩而增加 我們知道平價石油很快結束 We know that the end of cheap oil is imminent, 但我們拒絕相信 but we refuse to believe it. 美國夢是體現在一個傳奇的名字： 洛杉磯 For many of us, the American dream is embodied by a legendary name. Los Angeles. 在這個方圓一百公里的城市 In this city that stretches over 100 kilometers, the number of cars is almost equal to the number of inhabitants. 汽車的數目幾乎與人口相等 這裡，晚上是能源落力表演的時刻 Here, energy puts on a fantastic show every night. 白天不過是夜晚的蒼白反映 晚上使城市變成閃爍星空 The days seem no more than a pale reflection of nights that turn the city into a starry sky. 越來越快 Faster and faster. 距離不再以英哩量度 Distances are no longer counted in miles, but in minutes. 而是多少分鐘車程 The automobile shapes new suburbs, where every home is a castle, 汽車重塑郊區面貌 每個房子都好像城堡般跟令人窒息的 市中心保持安全距離 a safe distance from the asphyxiated city centers, and where neat rows of houses huddle around dead-end streets. 一排排整齊的房子擠擁在死胡同四周 少數發達國家的模式因世界性傳播的 電視片集而成為全球人類的夢想 The model of a lucky-few countries has become a universal dream preached by TVs all over the world. Even here in Beijing, 即使在北京 這些被到處模仿、抄襲的模範屋 it is cloned, copied and reproduced in these formatted houses that have wiped pagodas off the map. 把古塔通通從地圖掃走 汽車成為舒適和進步的象徵 The automobile has become the symbol of comfort and progress. 如杲每個社會都跟隨這個模式 If this model were followed by every society, the planet wouldn"t have 900 million vehicles, as it does today, 地球不會只得九億輛汽車 而是五十億 but 5 billion. 越來越快 Faster and faster. 世界越發展 The more the world develops, the greater its thirst for energy. 它對能源的渴求就更高 Everywhere, machines dig, bore and rip from the Earth 到處都是挖鑽礦物的機器 the pieces of stars buried in its depths since its creation... 把盤古初開時埋在地上的星星掘出來 Minerals. 未來二十年 As a privilege of power, 80% of this mineral wealth 人類從地球開採的礦物 比過去歷來的總數都要多 八成開採所得財富 is consumed by 20% of the world"s population. 只由兩成人口分享 在本世紀完結之前 Before the end of this century, 由於過份開採礦產 excessive mining will have exhausted nearly all the planet"s reserves. 人類將會耗盡地球上的大部分資源 越來越快 Faster and faster. 造船廠不斷鑄造運油輪、貨櫃船 運天然氣船 Shipyards churn out oil tankers, container ships and gas tankers 以應付世界性工業生產的需求 to cater for the demands of globalized industrial production. 大部分消費品要千里迢迢地 從產地運到消費地 Most consumer goods travel thousands of kilometers from the country of production to the country of consumption. 自1950年至今 Since 1950, the volume of international trade has increased 20 times over. 國際貿易增長了二十倍 九成商貿在海上進行 90% of trade goes by sea. 500 million containers are transported every year. 每年要運送的貨櫃達到五億 貨櫃船向著主要的消費地區進發 Headed for the world"s major hubs of consumption, 例如杜拜 such as Dubai. 杜拜是世界上最大的建築工地之一 Dubai is a sort of culmination of the Western model, a country where the impossible becomes possible. 一個將不可能變成可能的國家 例如在大海中建造人工島 Building artificial islands in the sea, for example. 杜拜可以輸入數百萬噸的原料 和來自世界各地的人口 Dubai has few natural resources, but with oil money it can bring in millions of tons of material 它可以建造聳入雲霄的石屎森林 and workers from all over the planet. 杜拜沒有農地但可以入口食物 Dubai has no farmland, but it can import food. 杜拜沒有水源但可以花巨款淡化海水 Dubai has no water, but it can afford to expend immense amounts of energy to desalinate seawater and build the world"s highest skyscrapers. 杜拜陽光充沛但沒有太陽能發熱板 Dubai has endless sun, but no solar panels. It is the totem to total modernity that never fails to amaze the world. 杜拜似找到自已的位置 它恰似全球財富的象徵 Dubai is like the new beacon for all the world"s money. 沒有任何事物比杜拜更遠離大自然 Nothing seems further removed from nature than Dubai, although nothing depends on nature more than Dubai. 但沒有任何事物比杜拜更依賴大自然 Dubai is a sort of culmination of the Western model. 這城市只不過跟隨富裕國家的模式 我們沒有想到我們耗盡大自然的儲備 We haven"t understood that we"re depleting what nature provides. 自1950年起 Since 1950, fishing catches have increased fivefold 世界人口增長一倍 from 18 to 100 million metric tons a year. 但漁獲由每年一千八百萬噸 劇增至一億噸 數以千計的加工漁船淘空海洋 Thousands of factory ships are emptying the oceans. 四分三漁場正被搜捕一空 Three-quarters of fishing grounds are exhausted, depleted or in danger of being so. 大魚已所余無幾 Most large fish have been fished out of existence since they have no time to reproduce. 因為沒有時間繁殖 我們把上蒼賦予的生命循環摧毀了 We are destroying the cycle of a life that was given to us. At the current rate, all fish stocks are threatened with exhaustion. 以目前進度 2050年海洋將無魚可捕 每五人就有一人以魚為主要食糧 Fish is the staple diet of one in five humans. 我們忘記資源是稀少的 We have forgotten that resources are scarce. 五億人口住在荒漠地帶 500 million humans live in the world"s desert lands, 比歐洲人口還要多 more than the combined population of Europe. 他們懂得水的價值 They know the value of water. 他們也會愛惜涓滴 They know how to use it sparingly. 這裡他們依賴泉水 Here, they depend on wells replenished by fossil water, 二萬五千年前降於沙漠的雨水 儲於地底 which accumulated underground back when it rained on these deserts. 成為不斷補充泉水的古水源 25,00000 years ago. 古水源令穀物得以在沙漠生長 Fossil water also enables crops to be grown in the desert to provide food for local populations. 為當地人口提供食糧 The fields" circular shape derives 圓形的農田是由中央的喉管 作圓周式灌溉 from the pipes that irrigate them around a central pivot. 但要付出沉重代價 But there is a heavy price to pay. 古水源乃無法更新 Fossil water is a non-renewable resource. 在沙烏地阿拉伯 In Saudi Arabia, the dream of industrial farming in the desert has faded. 在沙漠作現代耕種的夢已褪 就像羊皮紙地圖 As if on a parchment map, the light spots on this patchwork show abandoned plots. 光點顯示了被放棄的計劃 The irrigation equipment is still there. 灌溉器具仍在 泵水的能量仍在 The energy to pump water also. 但古水源幾乎被汲取凈盡 But the fossil water reserves are severely depleted. 以色列把沙漠變成農地 Israel turned the desert into arable land. 雖則溫室只能點滴灌溉 Even though these hothouses are now irrigated drop by drop, water consumption continues to increase along with exports. 出口的增長令耗水量增加 浩瀚一時的約旦河成為涓滴小溪 The once mighty River Jordan is now just a trickle. Its water has flown to supermarkets all over the world 其河水陪著箱中蔬杲飛到世界 各大超市 in crates of fruit and vegetables. 約旦河的命運並不孤單 The Jordan"s fate is not unique. Across the planet, one major river in ten 地球上每十條大河 就有一條年中數月不能流出大海 no longer flows into the sea for several months of the year. 缺少約旦河水 Deprived of the Jordan"s water, the level of the Dead Sea goes down by over one meter per year. 死海的水平線年減一米 印度可能是下一世紀最受缺水問題 困擾的國家 India risks being the country that suffers most from lack of water in the coming century. Massive irrigation has fed the growing population 大規模灌溉養活龐大人口 and in the last 50 years, 21 million wells have been dug. 過去五十年 他們掘了二千一百萬口井 在印度為了找到水源 In many parts of the country, 井底越鑽越深 the drill has to sink every deeper to hit water. 在印度西部，三成水井被遺棄 In western India, 30% of wells have been abandoned. 地下含水層開始乾涸 The underground aquifers are drying out. 廣大的蓄水池收集雨水補充含水層 Vast reservoirs will catch monsoon rains to replenish the aquifers. 在乾旱季節，村中婦女以雙手挖掘 In the dry season, local village women dig them with their bare hands. 千里以外，每人每天用水達一千公升 Thousands of kilometers away, 800 to 1,00000 liters of water are consumed per person per day. 拉斯維加斯矗立沙漠中 Las Vegas was built out of the desert. 有數百萬居民加上每月成千上萬訪客 Millions of people live there. Thousands more arrive every month. Its inhabitants are among the biggest water consumers in the world. 是世上用水最多的人口 棕櫚泉是另一滿是熱帶植物和 青翠高爾夫球場的沙漠城市 Palm Springs is another desert city with tropical vegetation and lush golf courses. 這幻影還可以繁榮多久？ How long can this mirage continue to prosper? 地球已無法追上 The Earth cannot keep up. 為這些城市提供水源的科羅拉多河 是無法出海的眾河流之一 The Colorado River, which brings water to these cities, is one of those rivers that no longer reaches the sea. 更令人擔憂的是它的源頭水量下降 Water levels in the catchment lakes along its course are plummeting. 2025年前，水荒問題會影響二十億人 Water shortages could affect nearly 2 billion people before 2025. 濕地佔了地球表面6% The wetlands represent 6% of the surface of the planet. 在恬靜的水面下 Under their calm waters lies a veritable factory, 有一個真正的廠房 where plants and micro-organisms patiently filter the water 這親密地結合的豐實多姿會過濾水份 消化污染 and digest all the pollution. 沼澤是凈化水份必需的生態環境 These marshes are indispensable environments for the regeneration and purification of water. They are sponges that regulate the flow of water. 沼澤也是調節水流的海綿 潮濕時吸水，乾旱時放水 They absorb it in the wet season and release it in the dry season. 人類為了開發更多土地 In our race to conquer more land, 往往把沼澤變成牲畜的草地 或可耕種建屋的陸地 we have reclaimed them as pasture for livestock, or as land for agriculture or building. 在上一世紀，地球一半沼澤被消滅 In the last century, half the world"s marshes were drained. We know neither their richness nor their role. 我們竟不知它的富饒和所擔當的角色 所有生物都互相連繫 All living matter is linked. 水、土、木、空氣 Water, air, soil, trees. The world"s magic is right in front of our eyes. 世界的魔法就在我們眼前 樹木把地下水像呼吸一樣以薄霧形態 送到大氣中 Trees breathe groundwater into the atmosphere as light mist. They form a canopy that alleviates the impact of heavy rains. 這薄霧形成遮篷緩和大雨的衝擊 The forests provide the humidity that is necessary for life. 並保護泥土免於流失 樹林儲蓄碳 They store carbon, containing more than all the Earth"s atmosphere. 它們含碳的份量比大氣多 是我們需要的氣候平衡的基石 They are the cornerstone of the climatic balance on which we all depend. 樹木提供地球四分三生物品種的 棲息地 The primary forests provide a habitat for three-quarters of the planet"s biodiversity, 即是說地球上所有生命 that is to say, of all life on Earth. 這些樹林提供可以醫治我們的藥物 These forests provide the remedies that cure us. The substances secreted by these plants can be recognized by our bodies. 我們的身體可辨認這些植物 分泌的物體 我們的細胞說同一語言，是同一家族 Our cells talk the same language. We are of the same family. 自1960年代始，砍伐樹林的速度 But in barely 40 years, the world"s largest rainforest, 阿馬遜是世上最大的熱帶雨林 the Amazon, has been reduced by 20%. 其面積已縮小兩成 森林讓路給牛場和大豆田 The forest gives way to cattle ranches or soybean farms. 95% of these soybeans are used to feed livestock and poultry 95%大豆用來喂飼歐亞兩洲的禽畜 in Europe and Asia. And so, a forest is turned into meat. 不過二十年 Barely 20 years ago, Borneo, the 4th largest island 婆羅洲，全球第四大島嶼 in the world, was covered by a vast primary forest. 全島滿布原始森林 以目前伐林的速度 At the current rate of deforestation, 十年內它將會完全消失 it will have disappeared within 10 years. 生物把水、土、空氣、陽光結合 Living matter bonds water, air, earth and the sun. In Borneo, this bond has been broken 婆羅洲曾是全球最大生物品種的搖籃 in what was one of the Earth"s greatest reservoirs of biodiversity. 在這裡，這種結合已被打破 這大災難是決定在婆羅洲 This catastrophe was provoked by the decision to produce palm oil, 生產全世界銷量最高的棕櫚油 而引致的 one of the most productive and consumed oils in the world, on Borneo. 棕櫚油不單食用還可生產化妝品 清潔劑 Palm oil not only caters to our growing demand for food, but also cosmetics, detergents and, increasingly, alternative fuels. 以至越來越普遍的另類燃料 樹林的多樣性被單一品種取代 The forest"s diversity was replaced by a single species, the oil palm. 棕櫚樹的單一栽培既容易 產量多而快 For local people, it provides employment. 是本地人的的職業，是耕種工業 It"s an agricultural industry. 另一過度伐木的例子是製紙漿的桉樹 Another example of massive deforestation is the eucalyptus. 種植場越來越多 Eucalyptus is used to make paper pulp. 因過去五十年 Plantations are growing as demand for paper has increased 紙張的需求增長五倍 fivefold in 50 years. 一個樹林不能取代另一個 One forest does not replace another forest. 桉樹底部寸草不生 At the foot of these eucalyptus trees, nothing grows because their leaves form a toxic bed for most other plants. 因其掉下來的樹葉有毒性 令其它植物不能生長 它們生長快速，耗水亦多 They grow quickly, but exhaust water reserves. 黃豆、棕櫚油、桉樹 Soybeans, palm oil, eucalyptus trees... Deforestation destroys the essential to produce the superfluous. 開伐林木是捨本逐末 But elsewhere, 但在其它地方 開伐林木是求生的最後手段 deforestation is a last resort to survive. 超過二十億人 Over 2 billion people, 即世界三分一人口仍依賴炭 almost one third of the world"s population, still depend on charcoal. 海地曾經是[加勒比海明珠] In Haiti, one of the world"s poorest countries, charcoal is one of the population"s main consumables. 如今必需外國援助 Once the "pearl of the Caribbean", Haiti can no longer feed its population without foreign aid. 才能養活人民 海地山坡上的樹林只剩2% On the hills of Haiti, only 2% of the forests are left. 光禿的山泥無法吸收雨水 沒有植物和根莖的支援 Stripped bare, nothing holds the soils back. 泥土守不住，被雨水衝下山 The rainwater washes them down the hillsides as far as the sea. 遠至海邊 雨水侵蝕令土壤質素下降，不宜耕種 What"s left is increasingly unsuitable for agriculture. 在馬達加斯加 In some parts of Madagascar, the erosion is spectacular. 雨水侵蝕景像非常壯觀 Whole hillsides bear deep gashes hundreds of meters wide. 山坡布滿數百米寬的深坑 瘦薄而脆弱，土壤由生物構成 Thin and fragile, soil is made by living matter. 經數千年形成的一層腐植土 With erosion, the fine layer of humus, 因雨水侵蝕而消失 which took thousands of years to form, disappears. 復活節島的歷史或許令我們反思 Here"s one theory of the story of the Rapanui, the inhabitants of Easter Island, that could perhaps give us pause for thought. 這個世上最偏僻的島嶼的居民 Living on the most isolated island in the world, the Rapanui exploited their resources until there was nothing left. 把島上資源開發凈盡 Their civilization did not survive. 他們無法存活 On these lands stood the highest palm trees in the world. 這裡曾矗立最高的棕櫚樹 They have disappeared. 如今蕩然無存 The Rapanui chopped them all down for lumber. 當地人把樹木變木材 They then faced widespread soil erosion. 導致大幅水土流失 當地人無法再出海捕魚 The Rapanui could no longer go fishing. There were no trees to build canoes. 因為已無樹木可建做獨木舟 但當地人是太平洋最耀眼的文明 Yet the Rapanui formed one of the most brilliant civilizations in the Pacific. 富創造力的農夫、雕塑家 傑出航海家 Innovative farmers, sculptors, exceptional navigators, 他們在人口多 資源減少的夾縫中掙扎 they were caught in the vise of overpopulation and dwindling resources. They experienced social unrest, revolts and famine. 結杲釀成社會動蕩、叛亂和饑荒 Many did not survive the cataclysm. 巨變中很少人倖存 復活節島的迷團不是島上奇異的雕像 The real mystery of Easter Island is not how its strange statues got there, 而是當地人為何不及時作出反應 we know now. It is why the Rapanui didn"t react in time. 我們是否要重蹈當地人的覆轍？ 我們為何不汲取歷史教訓？ It"s only one of a number of theories, but it has particular relevance today. Since 1950, the world"s population has almost tripled. 過去五十年 世界人口增長一倍有多 同一時間 And since 1950, 我們把自已的島嶼一地球… we have more fundamentally altered our island, the Earth, 所作的根本改變比過去二十萬年 都要多 than in all of our 200,00000-year history. Nigeria is the biggest oil exporter in Africa, 奈及利亞是非洲最大石油出口國 yet 70% of the population lives under the poverty line. 但七成人口卻生活於貧窮線下 那地方不缺財富 The wealth is there, but the country"s inhabitants don"t have access to it. 但人民無法染指 The same is true all over the globe. 世界各地也有同樣情況 Half the world"s poor live in resource-rich countries. 世上一半窮人住在資源豐富的國家 我們的發展模式並未實現當初的承諾 Our mode of development has not fulfilled its promises. In 50 years, the gap between rich and poor has grown wider than ever. 五十年來 貧富懸殊從未如此嚴重 今天，全球一半財富掌握在2% 富豪手上 Today, half the world"s wealth is in the hands of the richest 2% of the population. Can such disparities be maintained? 這種不相稱還可維持嗎？ 它們是人口遷徙的原因 They are the cause of population movements 其規模我們尚未知曉 whose scale we have yet to fully realize. 拉哥斯的人口在1960年只得七十萬 The city of Lagos had a population of 700,00000 in 1960. 到2025年將激增至一千六百萬 That will rise to 16 million by 2025. 拉哥斯是成長最快的超級大都會之一 Lagos is one of the fastest growing megalopolises in the world. 新人口多是無法營生而離鄉別井 的農民 The new arrivals are mostly farmers forced off the land for economic or demographic reasons, or because of diminishing resources. 這是完全不同形態的城市人口 增長模式 This is a radically new type of urban growth, 移民不為致富，只求生存 driven by the urge to survive rather than to prosper. 每周全球各大城市共有一百多萬人 湧入 Every week, over a million people swell the populations of the world"s cities. 目前每六人有一人住在不安全 不健康的擠逼環境 1 human in 6 now lives in a precarious, unhealthy, overpopulated environment 既無水電 without access to daily necessities, such as water, sanitation, electricity. 亦無日常衛生所需 饑荒再次肆虐，影響將近十億人口 Hunger is spreading once more. It affects nearly 1 billion people. 地球上到處都是拾荒為生的人 All over the planet, the poorest scrabble to survive, while we continue 但我們卻繼續挖鑽並非生活必需 的資源 to dig for resources that we can no longer live without. 我們凱覦更遠的未被破壞 但更難開發的地區 We look farther and farther afield in previously unspoilt territory and in regions that are increasingly difficult to exploit. 我們沒改變固有模式 We"re not changing our model. 石油可能短缺？ Oil might run out? 我們仍可從加拿大的柏油沙提煉 We can still extract oil from the tar sands of Canada. 世上最大的卡車運來數千噸沙 The biggest trucks in the world move thousands of tons of sand. 從沙粒分割 The process of heating and separating bitumen from the sand 瀝青的加熱過程需要數百萬立方米的 水和驚人的能量 requires millions of cubic meters of water. Colossal amounts of energy are needed. 此舉帶來災難性的污染 The pollution is catastrophic. The most urgent priority, apparently, 最逼切的顯然是盡量利用太陽能 is to pick every pocket of sunlight. 石油枯竭已為成魔咒 Our oil tankers are getting bigger and bigger. 為了單一模式和理念進行的瘋狂競賽 Our energy requirements are constantly increasing. 令我們每天都在浪費資源和 破壞我們的環境 We try to power growth like a bottomless oven that demands more and more fuel. 我們的運油輪越來越大 我們對能源的需求不斷增加 It"s all about carbon. In a few decades, the carbon that made our atmosphere a furnace 像無底的爐不斷加柴火 說來說去仍是碳 and that nature captured over millions of years, allowing life to develop, 數十年中令大氣層變成火爐 will have largely been pumped back out. 以及數百萬年來大自然收押的碳 將被從新釋出 The atmosphere is heating up. 大氣層變得熱了 數年前 It would have been inconceivable for a boat to be here just a few years ago. 在這找到一艘船是不可思議的 運輸、工業、開伐林木 農業等等活動 Transport, industry, deforestation, agriculture... 釋放巨量二氧化碳 Our activities release gigantic quantities of carbon dioxide. 不知不覺那些粒子 Without realizing it, molecule by molecule, 破壞了地球的氣候平衡 we have upset the Earth"s climatic balance. 全部目光都集中於南北兩極 All eyes are on the poles, 這裡地球暖化的影響最明顯 where the effects of global warming are most visible. 一切來得很快 It"s happening fast, very fast. 連接美歐亞的北極航道打開了 The north-west passage that connects America, Europe and Asia via the pole, is opening up. 北極的冰冠開始融化 The arctic ice cap is melting. 地球暖化影響下 Under the effect of global warming, 四十年來冰冠的厚度減了四成 the ice cap has lost 40% of its thickness in 40 years. Its surface area in the summer shrinks year by year. 它在夏天的總面積逐年下降 2030年會全部消失 It could disappear in the summer months by 2030. 另一說法是2015年 Some say 2015. 本來被大冰原反射的陽光直照深海 並加熱海水 The sunbeams that the ice sheet previously reflected back now penetrate the dark water, heating it up. 於是加速暖化過程 The warming process gathers pace. 冰雪包含地球的記錄 This ice contains the records of our planet. 數十萬年來 The concentration of carbon dioxide hasn"t been so high 二氧化碳的濃度從未試過這樣高 for several hundred thousand years. 人類從未生活在這種大氣下 Humanity has never lived in an atmosphere like this. 過度開發資源正威脅所有品種 的生存？ Is excessive exploitation of resources threatening the lives of every species? 氣候變化使危機加深 Climate change accentuates the threat. 到2050年 By 2050, a quarter of the Earth"s species 地球上四分一生物可能絕種 could be threatened with extinction. In these polar regions, 在南北兩極，大自然的平衡已瓦解 the balance of nature has already been disrupted. 在北極圈 Around the North Pole, 三十年來冰冠面積減少三成 the ice cap has lost 30% of its surface area in 30 years. 但當格陵蘭迅速暖化 But as Greenland rapidly becomes warmer, 一整個大陸的淡水加入海中鹹水 the freshwater of a whole continent flows into the salt water of the oceans. 格陵蘭的冰佔地球淡水兩成 Greenland"s ice contains 20% of the freshwater of the whole planet. 若溶化，海平線會升高七米 If it melts, sea levels will rise by nearly 7 meters. 但這裡沒有工業 But there is no industry here. 格陵蘭的大冰原受地球其它地方 排放的溫室氣體所影響 Greenland"s ice sheet suffers from greenhouse gases emitted elsewhere on Earth. 我們的生態系統並無疆界 Our ecosystem doesn"t have borders. 無論在那裡 Wherever we are, 我們的所作所為在全球各地引起迴響 our actions have repercussions on the whole Earth. Our planet"s atmosphere is an indivisible whole. 大氣層是不可分割的整體 是我們共享的資產 It is an asset we share. 在格陵蘭表面 In Greenland, lakes are appearing on the landscape. 湖泊開始形成 冰冠融化的速度連最悲觀的科學家 The ice cap is melting at a speed even the most pessimistic scientists did not envision 10 years ago. 十年前也預計不到 越來越多源自冰川的河流匯集 並在表層下穿過 More and more of these glacier-fed rivers are merging together and burrowing though the surface. 人們以為河水會在冰的深處結冰 It was thought the water would freeze in the depths of the ice. 但恰恰相反 On the contrary, it flows under the ice, 它在冰下流過 carrying the ice sheet into the sea, where it breaks into icebergs. 把大冰原帶到大海並碎裂成冰山 當格陵蘭的淡水慢慢滲入海洋的鹹水 As the freshwater of Greenland"s ice sheet seeps into the salt water of the oceans, 地球各處低洼地區將大受威脅 low-lying lands around the globe are threatened. Sea levels are rising. 海平線升高 單是上世紀因海水暖化膨脹影響 Water expanding as it gets warmer caused, in the 20th century alone, 海水升高二十毫米 a rise of 20 centimeters. 所有事情變得不穩定 Everything becomes unstable. 例如珊瑚礁對海水溫度的輕微變化 非常敏感 Coral reefs are extremely sensitive to the slightest change in water temperature. 30% have disappeared. 三成已消失 They are an essential link in the chain of species. 它們是生物鏈中重要一環 在大氣層，主要季節風已改變方向 In the atmosphere, major wind streams are changing direction. 雨水循環和氣候、地理都被改變 Rain cycles are altered. The geography of climates is modified. 處於低地的島嶼 The inhabitants of low-lying islands, here in the Maldives, for example, are on the front line. 像馬爾地夫形勢不妙 當地人很憂慮 They are increasingly concerned. 有些開始尋找新的居所 Some are already looking for new, more hospitable lands. 如杲海水上升越來越快 If sea levels continue to rise faster and faster, 地球上最多人口的大都會 what will major cities like Tokyo, the world"s most populous city, do? 例如東京，會怎樣做？ 每一年科學家的預測越來越令人擔憂 Every year, scientists" predictions become more alarming. 全球有七成人住在沿海平地 70% of the world"s population lives on coastal plains. 十五個最大城市有十一個位於海岸線 或河口海水上升 11 of the 15 biggest cities stand on a coastline or river estuary. 鹹水會入侵地下水位 As the seas rise, salt will invade the water table, depriving inhabitants of drinking water. 令居民失去可供飲用的食水 Migratory phenomena are inevitable. 人口遷徙已無可避免 唯一不能肯定只是其規模 The only uncertainty concerns their scale. 在非洲，乞力馬扎羅山已面目全非 In Africa, Mount Kilimanjaro is unrecognizable. 它的八成冰川已消失 80% of its glaciers have disappeared. 夏天河不複流 In summer, the rivers no longer flow. 當地人受缺水影響 Local peoples are affected by the lack of water. 即使在世界最高的喜馬拉雅山 Even on the world"s highest peaks, in the heart of the Himalayas, 終年積雪和冰川亦見減少 eternal snows and glaciers are receding. 但這些冰川對水的循環很重要 Yet these glaciers play an essential role in the water cycle. 它們冷凝季候風的水份使變成冰 They trap the water from the monsoons as ice and release it in the summer when the snows melt. 夏天冰雪溶解時再變回水 喜馬拉雅山冰川 是亞洲幾條大河的源頭 The Himalayan glaciers are the source of all the great Asian rivers, 包括印度河、恆河、湄公河、長江 the Indus, Ganges, Mekong, Yangtze Kiang... 二十億人依賴其河水作飲用和灌溉 2 billion people depend on them for drinking water 譬如孟加拉國 and to irrigate their crops, as in Bangladesh. 位於恆河和雅魯藏布江三角洲 On the delta of the Ganges and Brahmaputra, 孟加拉 直接受到喜馬拉雅山的現象 和海水上升的影響 Bangladesh is directly affected by phenomena occurring in the Himalayas and at sea level. 它是地球上人口最多 又最貧困的國家之一 This is one of the most populous and poorest countries in the world. It is already hit by global warming. 越來越嚴重的河水泛濫和颶風的蹂躪 The combined impact of increasingly dramatic floods and hurricanes could make a third of its land mass disappear. 將令其土地消失三分之一 When populations are subjected to these devastating phenomena, 老百姓面對突變 最終唯有遷地為良 they eventually move away. 富裕國家亦不能倖免 Wealthy countries will not be spared. 全世界都出現旱災 Droughts are occurring all over the planet. In Australia, half of farmland is already affected. 在澳洲，已有一半農地受影響 我們正需要向哺育我們一萬二千多年 的氣候平衡作出妥協 We are in the process of compromising the climatic balance that has allowed us to develop over 12,00000 years. More and more wildfires encroach on major cities. 越來越多山火侵害主要城市 令地球進一步暖化 In turn, they exacerbate global warming. 樹木燃燒時釋出二氧化碳 As the trees burn, they release carbon dioxide. 調節我們氣候的機制已失衡 The system that controls our climate has been severely disrupted. 它所依賴的元素已被破壞 The elements on which it relies have been disrupted. 在這壯麗風景背後 The clock of climate change is ticking in these magnificent landscapes. 氣候轉變的時計正在嘀嗒響 在西伯利亞等嚴寒地區 Here in Siberia, and elsewhere across the globe, it is so cold that the ground is constantly frozen. 地面長期結冰，稱為永久凍結帶 It"s known as permafrost. 隱藏於地下的是氣候定時炸彈：沼氣 Under its surface lies a climatic time-bomb. Methane, 此溫室氣體比二氧化碳的濃度 強二十倍 a greenhouse gas 20 times more powerful than carbon dioxide. 如杲永久凍結帶融化 If the permafrost melts, the methane releases would cause the greenhouse effect 釋出的沼氣會令溫室效應惡化至 無人能預計的程度 to race out of control with consequences no one can predict. 人類只有十年時間把暖化的方向逆轉 We would literally be in unknown territory. 以免人類闖入這未知土地 Humanity has no more than 10 years to reverse the trend and avoid crossing into this territory... 並過著從未試過的生活滋味 Life on Earth as we have never known it. We have created phenomena we cannot control. 我們炮製了自已都無法控制的現象 我們的源頭、水、空氣和生命形態 全都互相連結 Since our origins, water, air and forms of life are intimately linked. 但這些連結近年已遭破壞 But recently we have broken those links. 讓我們面對事實 Let"s face the facts. We must believe what we know. 我們要信自已的知識 我們剛才看到的是人類行為的反映 All we have just seen is a reflection of human behavior. 我們以自已的構想改變地球 We have shaped the Earth in our image. 我們只有很少時間去作出改變 We have very little time to change. 如杲我們拒絕為自已的所作所為負責 How can this century carry the burden of 9 billion human beings if we refuse to be called to account 試問這個世紀怎能肩負 九十億人的重擔？ for everything we alone have done? 世界兩成人口耗用地球八成資源 20% of the world"s population consumes 80% of its resources 全球花在軍備上的資金是援助 發展中國家資金的十二倍 The world spends 12 times more on military expenditures than on aid to developing countries 每天有五千人因飲用受污染的水死亡 十億人沒有安全食水 5,00000 people a day die because of dirty drinking water 1 billion people have no access to safe drinking water 十億人在飢餓邊緣掙扎 Nearly 1 billion people are going hungry 全球一半穀物用以喂飼牲口或作燃料 Over 50% of grain traded around the world is used for animal feed or biofuels 全球四成耕地質量下降 40% of arable land has suffered long-term damage 每年有一千三百萬公頃森林消失 Every year, 13 million hectares of forest disappear 每四隻哺乳動物、八隻雀鳥 兩隻兩棲動物就有一隻瀕！臨絕種 1 mammal in 4, 1 bird in 8, 1 amphibian in 3 are threatened with extinction 生物品種的死亡率 比正常速度快了一千倍 Species are dying out at a rhythm 1,00000 times faster than the natural rate 以目前的捕魚速度 海洋到了2050年就無魚可捕 Three quarters of fishing grounds are exhausted, depleted or in dangerous decline 最近十五年是有記錄以來最熱 The average temperature of the last 15 years has been the highest ever recorded 四十年來冰冠的厚度減少四成 The ice cap is 40% thinner than 40 years ago 到了2050年全球將有二億五千萬 氣候難民 There may be at least 200 million climate refugees by 2050 我們的行動代價高昂 The cost of our actions is high. Others pay the price without having been actively involved. 其他沒有積极參与的亦要付出代價 我見過在沙漠上 I have seen refugee camps 綿延的難民營 as big as cities, sprawling in the desert. 大得像個城市 明天將會有多少男女老幼流離失所？ How many men, women and children will be left by the wayside tomorrow? 我們一定要築牆來破壞人類團結 分隔人種 Must we always build walls to break the chain of human solidarity, 維護某些人的幸福 separate peoples and protect the happiness of some from others" misery? 而對另一批人的不幸置之不顧？ 要悲觀已經太遲 It"s too late to be a pessimist. 我知道一個人就可以推倒一堵牆 I know that a single human can knock down every wall. 要悲觀已經太遲 It"s too late to be a pessimist. Worldwide, 4 children out of 5 attend school. 全世界，每五個小孩有四個上學 從來沒有這麼多人受教育 Never has learning been given to so many human beings. 每個人無論貧富都可作出貢獻 Everyone, from richest to poorest, can make a contribution. 賴索托是全球最窮的國家之一 Lesotho, one of the world"s poorest countries, is proportionally the one that invests most in its people"s education. 他們投放在國民教育的經費 比例上最高 Qatar, one of the richest states, has opened up to the best universities. 卡達是全球最富國家之一 他們引進最優秀大學 文化、教育、研究、發明 是無窮無盡的資源 Culture, education, research and innovation are inexhaustible resources. 面對貧困痛苦 In the face of misery and suffering, millions of NGOs prove that solidarity 數百萬非政府組織證明 between peoples is stronger than the selfishness of nations. 人之間的團結 比各國的自私自利更強大 In Bangladesh, a man thought the unthinkable 在孟加拉國 有人異想天開開辦銀行 and founded a bank that lends only to the poor. 只借錢給窮人 In 30 years, it has changed the lives of 150 million people. 三十年間全球有一億五千萬人的生活 得到改善 南極洲有豐富自然資源 Antarctica is a continent with immense natural resources 不屬任何國家 that no country can claim for itself, 其自然儲備只作和平和科學用途 a natural reserve devoted to peace and science. A treaty signed by 49 states 49國簽署協定使成為人類共享的寶庫 has made it a treasure shared by all humanity. 要悲觀已經太遲 It"s too late to be a pessimist. 多國政府為保護地球上2%的水源 已行動起來 Governments have acted to protect nearly 2% of territorial waters. 雖然不多，但已是十年前的兩倍 It"s not much but it"s 2 times more than 10 years ago. 首個自然公園於一世紀前成立 The first natural parks were created just over a century ago. 面積佔南極洲13% They cover over 13% of the continents. 他們創造了人類可以保護物種 土壤和景觀的空間 They create spaces where human activity is in step with the preservation of species, soils and landscapes. 人類和大自然的和諧成為定律 而不是例外 This harmony between humans and nature can become the rule, no longer the exception. 在美國 In the US, New York has realized what nature does for us. 紐約市已明白大自然用心良苦 These forests and lakes supply all the city"s drinking water. 這些森林和湖泊為城市人提供食水 在南韓，森林被戰爭蹂躪 In South Korea, the forests had been devastated by war. 全仗全國性的植林計劃 Thanks to a national reforestation program, they once more cover 65% of the country. 全國有65%是樹林 More than 75% of paper is recycled. 四分三的紙張是循環再造 哥斯大黎加在軍備和環保之間 作出選擇 Costa Rica has made a choice between military spending and land conservation. The country no longer has an army. 這國家沒有軍隊 It prefers to devote its resources to education, ecotourism 它寧願把資源投放到教育 綠色旅遊和保護原始森林上 and the protection of its primary forest. 加彭是全球最大木材出口國 Gabon is one of the world"s leading producers of wood. It enforces selective logging. Not more than 1 tree every hectare. 它嚴格執行選擇性伐木 每公頃不能砍樹超過一棵 Its forests are one of the country"s most important resources, 它的森林是國家最重要經濟支柱 但它們有足夠時間再繁殖 but they have time to regenerate. 保證可持續的森林管理計劃是存在的 Programs exist that guarantee sustainable forest management. They must become mandatory. 但必須成為強制性 無論消費者或生產者 For consumers and producers, justice is an opportunity to be seized. 都必須爭取公平 When trade is fair, when both buyer and seller benefit, 貿易要是公平 買賣雙方都能獲益 人人都家肥屋潤、生活舒適 everybody can prosper and earn a decent living. 一些人以雙手作工具 How can there be justice and equity 另一些人有機器和國家補貼 between people whose only tools are their hands 試問何來公義和平等？ and those who harvest their crops with a machine and state subsidies? 要做負責任的消費者 Let"s be responsible consumers. 想想我們買什麼？ Think about what we buy! 要悲觀已經太遲 It"s too late to be a pessimist. 我見到過人力所及的農業 I have seen agriculture on a human scale. 若非制肉商拿走人的口糧 It can feed the whole planet if meat production doesn"t take the food out of people"s mouths. 農產品可以餵飽所有人類 I have seen fishermen who take care what they catch 我見到過有些漁民很小心捕魚 and care for the riches of the ocean. 並關心海洋的蘊藏量 我見到過能自已產生能量的房子 I have seen houses producing their own energy. 五千人住在地球上 首個環保友善的地區 5,00000 people live in the world"s first ever eco-friendly district in Freiburg, Germany. 在德國費賴堡 Other cities partner the project. 許多城市成為合作夥伴 孟買將是第一千個加入 Mumbai is the thousandth to join them. 紐西蘭、冰島、奧地利、瑞典等國家 The governments of New Zealand, Iceland, Austria, Sweden and other nations 決定把再生能源發展訂為最優先項目 have made the development of renewable energy sources a top priority. 我知道地球上八成能源來自遠古時代 80% of the energy we consume comes from fossil energy sources. Every week, 在中國 two new coal-fired generating plants are built in China alone. 每星期就建成兩座燃煤發電站 但我在丹麥見過一個 燃煤發電站的原型 But I have also seen, in Denmark, a prototype of a coal-fired plant 它把釋出的碳送到地底 而不是送到天空 that releases carbon into the soil rather than the air. 這是未來的解決方案嗎？ A solution for the future? Nobody knows yet. 暫時說不定 我在冰島見到過以地熱發電的電力站 I have seen, in Iceland, an electricity plant powered by the Earth"s heat. Geothermal power. I have seen a sea snake 我見到過懶洋洋地躺著的[海鰻] lying on the swell to absorb the energy of the waves 利用海浪的能量來發電 and produce electricity. 我在丹麥海岸見過風力發電站 I have seen wind farms off Denmark"s coast that produce 20% of the country"s electricity. 可生產該國兩成電力 The USA, China, India, Germany and Spain are the biggest investors 美、中、印度、德國、西班牙 是再生能源的最大投資者 in renewable energy. 他們已提供二百五十萬職位 They have already created over 2.5 million jobs. Where on earth doesn"t the wind blow? 試問地球上，那個角落沒有風？ 我見過太陽下烤炙的廣闊沙漠 I have seen desert expanses baking in the sun. 地球上的事物都互相關連 Everything on Earth is linked, 而地球又跟它的能量源頭.太陽 有關係 and the Earth is linked to the sun, its original energy source. Can humans not imitate plants and capture its energy? 人類可否像植物般捕捉太陽的力量？ In one hour, the sun gives the Earth the same amount of energy 在六十分鐘內 太陽發出的能量 相當人類一年的消耗 as that consumed by all humanity in one year. As long as the Earth exists, the sun"s energy will be inexhaustible. 只要地球存在 太陽的能量是無窮無盡 All we have to do 我們要暫停鑽挖地球 is stop drilling the Earth and start looking to the sky. 把目光移到天空 All we have to do is learn to cultivate the sun. 我們要學會栽培太陽 All these experiments are only examples, 這實驗只是例子 but they testify to a new awareness. 但說明了新的覺醒 They lay down markers for a new human adventure 它們為人類以節制、智慧、分享為本 的新旅程奠下基石 based on moderation, intelligence and sharing. It"s time to come together. 我們是時候要聚首反思 重要的不是消失了什麼 What"s important is not what"s gone, 而是我們現在擁有的 but what remains. 我們仍然擁有半個世界的樹林 We still have half the world"s forests, 數以千計的河流，湖泊和冰川 thousands of rivers, lakes and glaciers, and thousands of thriving species. 及數以千計的生物物種 我們知道有什麼解決方法 We know that the solutions are there today. 我們都有力量去改變世界 We all have the power to change. 你還在等待什麼？ So what are we waiting for? 未來將會如何就要視乎我們怎樣