14MBA翻譯中可能遇到的較難的專有名詞 - 英 語 時 空 - 中國MBA論壇 MBA論壇,...

quotas 配額　　limits on the amount of foreign goods that can be imported 　　Rational expectations 理性預期　　The theory according to which people optimally use all the information they have, including information about government policies, when forecasting the future 　　Real GDP 實際GDP　　The production of goods and services valued at constant prices 　　Real exchange rate 實際匯率　　The rate at which a person can trade the goods and services of one country for the goods and services of another 　　Real interest rate 實際利率　　The interest rate corrected for the effects of inflation 　　Real variables 實際變數　　Variables measured in physical units 　　Recession 衰退　　A period of declining real incomes and rising unemployment 　　Regressive tax 累退稅　　A tax for which high-income taxpayers pay a smaller fraction of their income than do low-income taxpayers 　　Reserve ratio 準備金率　　The fraction of deposits that banks hold as reserves 　　Reserve requirements 法定準備金　　Regulations on the minimum amount of reserves that banks must hold against deposits 　　Reserves 準備金　　Deposits that banks have received but have not lent out 　　Rivalness 競爭性　　The property of a good that one person"s use diminishes other people"s use 　　random walk 隨機行走　　a term used to describe the way prices of stock move, where the next movement cannot be predicted on the basis of previous movements 　　rationing systems 配給制　　ways of distributing goods that do not rely on prices, such as queues, lotteries, and coupons 　　real balance effect 實際餘額效應　　as prices fall, the real value of people"s money holdings increases, and they consume more 　　real business-cycle theorists 實際經濟周期理論家　　a school of economists who contend that the economy"s fluctuations have nothing to do with monetary policy but are determined by real forces 　　real income 實際收入　　income measured by what it can actually buy, rather than by the amount of money 　　real product wage 實際產品工資　　the wage divided by the price of the good being produced 　　regulatory capture 管制俘虜　　a term used to describe a situation in which regulators serve the interests of the regulated rather than the interests of consumers 　　relative performance compensation 相對表現補償　　pay (compensation) based on performance on the job relative to others who have similar responsibilities and authority 　　rent seeking 尋租　　the name given to behavior that seeks to obtain benefits from favorable government decisions, such as protection from foreign competition 　　revenue curve 收益曲線　　the relationship between a firm"s total output and its revenue 　　revenues 收益　　the amount a firm receives for selling its products, equal to the price received multiplied by the quantity sold 　　right-to-work laws 工作權利法　　laws that prevent union membership from being a condition of employment 　　risk averse / loving / neutral 厭惡風險/喜愛風險/中性風險　　given equal expected returns and different risks risk averse people will choose assets with lower risk, risk loving people will choose assets with higher risk, and risk-neutral individuals will not care about differences in risk 　　risk premium 風險收益　　the additional interest required by lenders as compensation for the risk that a borrower may default; more generally, the extra return required to compensate an investor 　　Sacrifice ratio 犧牲率　　The number of percentage points of annual output that is lost in the process of reducing inflation by one percentage point 　　Scarcity 希缺性　　The limited nature of society"s resources 　　Shoeleather costs 皮鞋成本　　The resources wasted when inflation encourages people to reduce their money holdings 　　Stagflation 滯脹　　A period of falling output and rising prices 　　Stock 股票　　A claim to partial ownership in a firm 　　Store of value 價值儲藏　　An item that people can use to transfer purchasing power from the present to the future 　　Strike 罷工　　The organized withdrawal of labor from a firm by a union 　　Substitutes 替代品　　Two goods for which an increase in the price of one good leads to an increase in the demand for the other good 　　Substitution effect 替代效應　　The change in consumption that results when a price change moves the consumer along a given indifference curve to a point with a new marginal rate of substitution 　　Supply curve 供給曲線　　A graph of the relationship between the price of a good and the quantity supplied
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