諾貝爾獎、圖靈獎、菲爾茲獎的「獎」為什麼在英文中分別是 Prize,Award 和 Medal ?這三者有何區別? |
【李瑾舒的回答(8票)】:
根據牛津高階英漢雙解詞典第七版,有以下釋義;由於對獎項不夠了解,獎項的目的解釋來自維基百科。
Award: (often in names of particular awards) a prize such as money, etc. for sth that sb has done.
TheACM A.M. Turing Award is an annual prize given by the Association for Computing Machinery (ACM) to "an individual selected for contributions of a technical nature made to the computing community". It is stipulated that "The contributions should be of lasting and major technical importance to the computer field".
Award是獎勵,獎金,常常用於具體的獎項名稱,而且常指正式頒發或者授予。可以看出,圖靈獎的目的在於獎勵該領域的突出貢獻者,也就是做出了某重大意義事情的人,符合award的定義(請重點看劃線部分)。
Prize: an award that is given to a person who wins competition, race, etc. or who does very good work.
例:She was awarded the Nobel Peace prize.
TheNobel Prize is a set of annual international awards bestowed in a number of categories by Scandinavian committees in recognition of cultural and/or scientific advances.
根據定義,prize強調勝出者或領先者或引領進步者,同時強調榮譽,而諾貝爾獎是一個榮譽級別非常高(=____,=這說法不知合適不一時想不出合適的..)的獎項,故做出advances的人得到這一獎項。符合定義。
Medal: a flat piece of metal, usually shaped like a coin, that is given to the winner of a competition or to sb who has been brave, for example in a war.
TheFields Medal, officially known as International Medal for Outstanding Discoveries in Mathematics, is a prize awarded to two, three, or four mathematiciansnot over 40 years of age at each International Congress of the International Mathematical Union (IMU).
John Charles Fields was instrumental in establishing the award, designing the medal itself, and funding the monetary component.
與prize和award的不同在於,medal是獎牌、獎章,除了同樣強調獎給勝出者以外,同時強調給予勇者。菲爾茲獎的頒發對象要求是不大於四十歲的在數學領域有傑出發現的年輕人,這不也正是在獎勵勇於發現與創新的人~而且,John Fields本人親自設計了這個獎章,故叫做Fields Medal也是情理之中。
(對獎項並不熟悉,歡迎指正^^)
【村東頭小賣的回答(2票)】:
估計會有外國人問"五糧液""西鳳酒"和"草原白"都被翻譯成liquor,請問液、酒和白有什麼區別?
【菜白的回答(2票)】:
這就像
【xx杯】
【xx賞】
【xx榮譽】一樣的存在吧。
不只是中文會用很多詞表示一個意思,英語也是這樣啊 。 當初設獎的人這麼定了,以後就這麼叫了,應該沒有什麼特別的講究。
【PS 是我自己隨便猜的 沒有查找過文獻也不是專業學語言的
還是查了一下。附註一個滬江的鏈接
【via:award, reward, prize用法的區別】
【秦旅的回答(0票)】:
有道詞典查了查
award和prize基本同意:sth. given for victory or superiority in contest or competion or for winning a lottery
medal: an award for winning a championship or commemorating some other event.
好像medal突出的在於championship,就是把別人比下去了的感覺,同時突出「獎牌」;而prize和award突出的是「獎勵」,獎於的是outstanding
。。會不會被噴
【方幫民的回答(0票)】:
諾貝爾獎:獎勵那些在基礎科學中有有突出貢獻的人,獎項有物理獎,化學獎,醫學或生理學獎,和平獎,文學獎,後來又加了經濟學獎。
圖靈獎:發展到現在基本上都是獎勵那些在計算機方面有突出貢獻的人。
菲爾茲獎:數學界的最高獎項。
原文地址:知乎
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