時態講解及練習

一般過去時

1. 一般過去時常用來表示過去某個時間發生的動作或存在的狀態。在一般過去時態的句子中，要注意其謂語動詞要用動詞的過去式，尤其是不規則動詞的過去式的構成，如see-saw，go-went等；此外，疑問句和否定句要使用助動詞did。用在一般過去時態中的時間狀語有yesterday，last Tuesday，three weeks ago等，當然，還有由when，before，after等引導的表示過去的時間狀語從句。

eg: Mary didn』t stay at home yesterday morning.

I often played games by the river when I was young.

【中考鏈接】We were in Qingdao last week and _______ a great time.

A. will have B. have had C. had D. have （2008·北京）

【解析】選C。根據句中的時間狀語last week可知句子用的是一般過去時態，and連接的前後兩個並列句，時態要保持一致。故and後也用一般過去時態。

2. 有時候，在一個句子中，並沒有表明明確的時間狀語，但根據句子的意思，可以判斷出動作是發生在過去的，因此也用一般過去時態。

eg: I knew he liked collecting match boxes. （我當時知道他收集火柴盒）

--- Hi, Nancy. How was your trip to the Great Wall?

--- Hi, Bill. Oh, we had a good time there.

（句子在說他們談論的過去的事，應用一般過去時態。）

【中考鏈接】① --- When _______ your mother ________ you that blue dress, Mary?

--- Sorry, I really can』t remember. （2008·武漢）

A. does, buy B. has, bought C. had, bought D. did, buy

② --- I called you just now, but nobody answered. Where _______?

--- I was out with my mother. （2008·安徽）

A. were you B. are you C. have you gone D. have you gone

【解析】① 選D。句子問的是「你媽媽合適為你買的那條藍色的裙子」，可知買裙子的事情發生在過去，故應用一般過去時態。

② 選A。根據句意，說的是「我剛才給你打電話，但沒人接」，緊接著問「你當時在哪兒」，因此用一般過去時態。

過去進行時

1. 過去進行時態用來表示過去某一具體時刻或某一階段正在進行的動作，其基本構成為was / were +doing。常用在過去進行時態中的時間狀語有at this time yesterday，at ten o』clock last night，at that time等以及由when或while引導的時間狀語從句。

eg: I was listening to the radiio at half past eight yesterday morning.

What were you doing when I knocked at the door?

【中考鏈接】--- Were you at home at nine o』clock last night?

--- Yes, I _________ a shower at that time. （2008·吉林）

A. took B. was taking C. was taken D. am taking

【解析】選B。根據句中的時間狀語at nine o』clock last night，可知是過去具體的某一時刻，因此答句應用過去進行時態。

2. 表示在過去的某一時間同事發生的兩個動作，往往用過去進行時態來表示延續的動作，用一般過去時態來表示短暫的動作。此外，while用來引導時間狀語從句時，也可用過去進行時態來表達主句和從句同事發生的動作（動詞應為延續性動詞）；此時，強調動作同時進行。

eg: Mum was cooking dinner when I returned home.

Danny was writing a while we wrere watching TV.

【中考鏈接】① The children ______ a P.E. class on the playground when it suddenly began to

rain. （2008 河北）

A. have B. am having C. had D. were having

② I ______my homework while my parents ______ TV last night. ( 2006·南京）

A. did, have watched B. was doing, were watching

C. had done, were watching D. would do, were watching

【解析】① 選D。 When 引導的時間狀語從句是過去時，所以主句的動作是發生在過去的時間點裡孩子們正在上體育課，所以用過去進行時態。

② 選B。因為時間狀語是在昨晚表示過去的時間，而while用來引導時間狀語從句時，也可用過去進行時態來表達主句和從句同事發生的動作，所以選D。

3. 過去進行時態還可以用來表示在過去一段時間內持續進行的動作（有時也可以有間歇）。

eg: It was snowing last night.

We were listening to music the whole morning yesterday.

注意，此時用過去進行時態是和一般過去時態有明顯的差別的。前者表示過去某一時刻或某一段時間內正在進行的動作（可能沒完成），而後者往往表示動作已經完成。

eg: I was reading a storybook last night. （強調昨晚一直在看，可能未看完）。

I read a storybook last night. （只是表達動作昨晚看故事書了，已看完）。

過去將來時

過去將來時態表示從過去某一時間來看要發生的動作或存在的狀態，常用的時間狀語有the next day, the next year等。

1.構成

和一般將來時態相對應，其構成常用以下兩種，「would + 動詞原形」和「was / were going to + 動詞原形」。此外，還可用was / were to do sth.和限於某些瞬間動詞come, go, leave等的過去進行時態來表示過去將來。

2.用法

（1）常用於賓語從句中。eg: He told me he would come here by train the next week.

【中考鏈接】The Japanese asked when Lucy _________ the USA. （2006·山西）)

A. flying to B. will fly to C. would fly to D. flew for

【解析】選C。主句中的謂語動詞為asked, 從當時看將要發生的動作要用過去將來時。故選C。

（2）敘述發生在過去的故事。

eg: It was a sunny morning. A boy ran on the road and he was going to …

（3）表示過去的習慣性動作常用would + do 來表示，相當於uesd to do，意為「過去常常」。

eg: He would often put up his hand in class when he was young.

= He uesd to put up his hand in class when he was young.

過去完成時

過去完成時態常用來表示在「過去的過去」發生或完成的動作，也可用來表示在「過去的過去」發生的動作或狀態持續到「過去」，其基本結構為had+done。

1. 表示在過去某一時間或動作之前已經發生或完成了的動作。也就是我們常說的「過去的過去」，與之常連用的時間狀語有by last week, by the end of last year等。並且過去完成時常出現在由when, before, after引導的複合句中。

eg: We had finished our homework when class was over.

By the time we got there, he had left.

【中考鏈接】By the end of last year, we _______ more than 2,000 words.

A. learned B. have learned C. had learned （2008·青海）

【解析】選C。根據句中的時間狀語by the end of last year, 說的是「到去年年底為止」，故句子用完成時態。

2. 表示從過去某一時間開始一直持續到過去另一時間的動作或狀態，常與for, since等引導的時間狀語連用，句中需用延續性動詞。

eg: He said he had been a teacher since 2001.

The film had been on 10 minutes when we got to the cinima.

3. 常用在賓語從句中，此時主句為一般過去時。

eg: He told me he had finished writing the novel.

【中考鏈接】---Why did Miss Wang look so woried when we saw her?

---Because she wondered ______. （2008·南京）

A. where did the other students go

B. when would the policeman come

C. what her students have done during the trip

D. if her students had survived the earthquake.

【解析】選D。此題考查賓語從句。賓語從句要用陳述句語序，所以排除A和B。賓語從句和主句的時態要保持一致，主句是一般過去時，從句應用過去的某種時態，即過去完成時態，所以選D。

備戰中考

（ ）1. Our teacher, Mr.Zhang, _____ English on the radio three days ago.

A. teaches B. taught C. will teach D. had taught

（ ）2. --- Were you at home at 10 o』clock last night?

--- Yes.I _____ TV at that time.

A. watched B. was watching C. was watched D. am watching

（ ）3. Parick said he _____ his grandpa next Saturday.

A. will visit B. were going to visit C. would visit D. is going to visit

（ ）4. When the ambulance came, he _____ for three minutes.

A. died B. has died C. had died D. had been dead

（ ）5. Bill _____ to work in his hometown after he graduated from Beijng.

A. goes B. went C. will go D. had gone

（ ）6. --- Did he tell you when he ____- to school?

--- No, he didn』t.

A. returned B. will return C. would return D. has returned

（ ）7. While he _____ his homework, his mother came back.

A. was doing B. is doing C. did D. would do

（ ）8. --- Has he returne the money to you yet?

--- Not yet. But he said he _____ it soon.

A. returned B. has returned C. will return D. would return

（ ）9. --- When ___ you ____this white car?

---Three weeks ago.

A. did, buy B. do, buy C. have, bought D. will, buy

（ ）10. I really wanted to know how many tree you _____.

A. have planted B. had planted C. will plant D. will planted

參考答案

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