這篇譯文來自於darlingtolivefully.com，作者是Marelisa，這篇文章是作者在看了Chris Lonsdale的TED演講後做的一個總結。Chris的演講是我在跑步的時候聽到的，聽完後覺得文章內容很有意思，作者分享的關於語言學習的觀點很有啟發，所以就去網上找到了這篇文章，翻譯出來分析給大家，和大家一起學習。目錄：1.前言2.五個原則3.7個方法一.前言Chris Lonsdale is a psychologist from New Zealand who runs a company in Hong Kong. He』s been interested in accelerated learning his whole life. After spending many years assessing all of the research available on language learning, he was able to formulate five principles and seven actions that will allow any normal adult to learn a new language and speak it fluently in six months.Chris Lonsdale 是一位來自於紐西蘭的心理學家，在香港運營著一家公司。他的一生都在研究加速學習。在花了許多年評估所有手邊的關於語言學習的研究後，他得出5條原則和7個方法，可以讓一個正常的成年人在6個月內快速學會一門新的語言併流暢表達。I discovered Lonsdale』s approach when I came acrosshis TED Talk. Below you』ll discover Lonsdale』s five principles and seven action steps for learning a new language in just six month.當我在YouTube看他的TED演講視頻的時候發現了Longsdale的方法。以下就是Lonsdal的在僅僅6個月內學會一門新的語言的5個原則和7個步驟。Chris Lonsdale的TED演講視頻
二.五個原則The Five PrinciplesLonsdale』s five principles of rapid language acquisition are the following:Lonsdale五個快速語言學習的原則如下：1.關心那些和你相關的語言內容1. Focus on language content that is relevant to you.Why do you want to learn to speak a second language? Look at the following:你為什麼要學習新的語言，看看下面的原因：Do you want to learn Italian so that you can understand opera? If so, then concentrate on words and phrases that you would hear in Puccini』s operas.你學習語言是為了欣賞歌劇？如果是這樣，那就專註於你會在普契尼（義大利歌劇作曲家）的歌劇里聽到的語言吧。Do you want to learn to speak Mandarin so that you can communicate with your business partners in China? Then focus on learning words and phrases in Mandarin that are related to business.你想學會普通話那你就可以和中國生意上的夥伴交流？那就專心學習普通話里和生意相關的辭彙和習語吧。
使要學習得語言和自己產生關聯2.把新的語言當做交流的工具2. Use the new language as a tool to communicate.Instead of simply learning the language in an academic setting, put yourself in situations which force you to use the language in order to be able to communicate with others.與其簡單的為了考試和學習語言，把你自己放到為了和別人交流必須要用語言的環境中吧。3.當你第一次理解信息的時候，你會無意識地習得語言3. When you first understand the message, you will unconsciously acquire the language.When you』re first trying to learn a new language, instead of trying to understand the words that someone is using to talk to you, try to understand what they』re trying to say through their gestures, body language, and facial expressions.當你第一次嘗試學習一門新的語言時，與其努力弄明白那個和你交談的人說的話，不如努力通過他們的手勢、肢體語言、面部表情去理解他們說的話。That is, at first you don』t derive meaning from the language, but from the interaction. This is something called comprehensional input, and it』s been well documented.那樣的意思是說，你首先不從語言中得到意思，而是從交流中。這被稱為理解輸入，已經被記錄在文章中了。4.學習語言不知是習得知識，許多方面是生理的訓練4. Learning a language is not about acquiring knowledge. Instead, in many ways it』s about physiological training.First of all, we have filters in our brains that filter in sounds that we』re familiar with, and that filter out sounds that we』re not familiar with. And if we can』t hear it, we won"t understand it and if we can"t undertstand it, we are not going to learn it. Therefore, you have to continually listen to the sounds of the language that you』re trying to learn in order to train your brain to let in the new sounds.首先，我們大腦里有濾網，會過濾出那些我們熟悉的聲音，剔除掉我們不熟悉的聲音。如果我們聽不到的話，我們就沒法理解，沒法理解，是無法學會的。因此，為了使你的大腦能聽進去新的聲音，你必須持續地聽你想要學習的語言。In addition, talking requires using your facial muscles. You have 43 muscles in your face. You have to coordinate those muscles in a way that makes sounds that others can understand另外，交流需要運用你的面部肌肉。你臉上有43條肌肉。你必須要找到一個方法讓這些肌肉協調起來，以產生讓別人可以聽懂的聲音。5.心理狀態很重要5. Your psychological state matters.If you』re sad, angry, worried, or upset, you』re not going to learn the new language. If you』re happy, relaxed, and curious, you』re going to learn the new language quickly. In addition, you need to be tolerant of ambiguity. At first when people speak to you in the language that you』re trying to learn, you』ll understand very little. But that』s OK.如果你帶著悲傷、憤怒、擔心和沮喪的情緒，是學不會新的語言的。如果你是開心的，放鬆的，好奇的，你可以快速學會一門語言。另外，你需要忍受模糊，起初，當人們用你正在學習語言和你交談的時候，你只能理解一點點。但那沒關係。If you"re one of those people who needs to understand 100% every word you"re hearing, you will go nuts, because you"ll be incredibly upset all the time, because you"re not perfect. If you"re comfortable with getting some, not getting some, just paying attention to what you do understand, you"re going to be fine, you"ll be relaxed and you"ll be learning quickly.如果你是那些想百分之百理解聽到的每個詞的意思的人中的一份子，那你會瘋的，因為你會一直非常沮喪，因為你不完美。如果你對於理解一些舒服的話，不是理解一些，只關注那些你理解的內容，你會很好，並且比較放鬆，可以快速地學習。三.七個方法The Seven ActionsBased on the five principles that were explained above, there are seven actions that you need to take in order to learn a new language quickly and efficiently. The seven actions which Lonsdale recommends are the following:基於以上五個原則，為了快速有效地學會一門新的語言，你需要7個方法。Lonsdale推薦的七個方法如下：1.大量地聽1. Listen; a lot.Lonsdale calls this brain soaking. It doesn』t matter if at first you don』t understand what you』re listening to. You』re listening to recognize patterns, words that repeat, and things that stand out. In addition, you』re listening to the rhythm of the language.Lonsdale把這稱為泡腦子。起初對於你是不是理解所聽到的內容，並沒有關係。你正在聽可以識別的模式，重複的詞，突出的內容。另外，你在聽語言的韻律。2.先理解意圖2. Focus on getting the meaning first, even before you get the words.From body language you can understand a lot of communication. You』ll be acquiring the language through comprehensional input.通過肢體語言你可以理解大量的對話，你會通過理解輸入學習語言。3.開始混合3. Start mixing.If you know ten verbs, ten nouns, and ten adjectives in the new language, you can say 1000 different things. Language is a creative process. Look for ways to get your meaning across by using the words that you know.如果你掌握了新的語言里的10個動詞，10個名詞，10個形容詞，你可以說出1000個不同的句子。語言是創造的過程。找到運用你掌握的詞來表達你的意思的方法。4.專註於核心4. Focus on the core.With every language there』s high frequency content. As an illustration, in English, one thousand words cover 85% of anything you』re going to say in daily life. Three-thousand words give you 98% coverage. All the other words in the English language are the icing on the cake.每種語言都有高頻的內容。如圖所示，在英語中，1000詞就能覆蓋你在日常生活中85%要表達的內容。3000個詞能覆蓋98%的內容。所有其他的辭彙都是低頻的。5.找一位語言監護人5. Get a language parent.When you start learning a language your progress will probably look like the following:當你學習一門語言時，學習過程可能會如以下所示：Week 1: Continually ask 「What is this?」, 「How do you say . . .」, 「Can you say that again?」, 「Can you repeat that?」 Always ask these questions in the language that you』re trying to learn.第一周：持續地問：「這是什麼？」，「你怎麼表達....","你能再重複一遍嗎？"，「你能重複以下那句話嗎？」，始終用你正學習的語言問這些問題。Week 2 and 3: You should be using very simple nouns, verbs, and pronouns (「you」, 「me」, 「that」, 「hot」, 「give」, and so on).第2周和第3周：你可以用非常簡單的名詞，動詞和代詞（你，我，那個，熱的，給予，等等）。Week 4: You』re using glue words, such as 「and」, 「but」, 「even though」, 「therefore」, and so on. These words tie bits of language together so that you can make more complex meaning. At this point you』re talking in the new language.第四周：使用連接詞，如「和」，「但是」，「即使」，「因此」，等等。這些詞將語言片段連接起來，那樣就可以有更複雜的意思。在這樣層面，你正在使用新的語言交流。This is where you want to get a language parent. That is, someone who will treat you like a parent treats their child when the child is learning to speak. This language parent can recognize what you』re saying, even when others don』t understand. They create a safe environment for you, which makes you more confident in your ability to learn the new language.這個階段就是你需要語言家長的時候。那是說，某人可以像家長對待正在學習語言的孩子那樣對待你。語言家長可以知道你說什麼，即使其他人不理解你。他們給你創造一個安全的環境，可以讓你對學習新的語言的能力更自信。The four rules for a language parent are the following:對於語言家長的四條原則如下：They will work hard to understand what you』re trying to say.他們要努力弄明白你表達的意思。They don』t correct your mistakes.他們不糾正你的錯誤。They confirm understanding by using correct language.他們用正確的語言確認他們的理解。They use words that you know and also communicate with gestures and body language.他們用你理解的語言交流，也用手勢和肢體語言。6.複製面部6. Copy the face.In order to learn to make the sounds that will allow you to speak the new language, you have to watch the face of people who speak that language. How does their face move when they』re speaking? Mimic their facial movements.為了能讓你用新的語言發出聲音，你必須注意那些說說那種語言的人的面部。（主要是口部動作）。當他們表達的時候，臉部肌肉是如何運動的。模仿他們面部的運動。7.直接與大腦中圖像相連7. 「Direct Connect」 to mental images.Most people learning to speak another language will make a list of words that they want to learn in their mother tongue, and next to each word they』ll place the equivalent in the language that they』re trying to learn. Then they just go over the list repeatedly in the hopes of memorizing the words in the new language. This is very inefficient.大多數人學習另一門語言時，會用母語製作一個他們想學習的詞的清單，在每個詞旁用新的語言寫出對應的詞。他們反覆瀏覽那個清單，希望能記住新的語言的單詞。這是非常低效的。
我們就是這樣背單詞的Everything that you know is an image inside your mind. For example, if you talk about fire you can smell the smoke, feel the heat, hear the crackling, and see the flames. What you want to do is to focus on the image that』s currently in your head for 「fire」 and create a new pathway that leads from this image to the word 「fire」 in the language that you』re trying to learn.所有你知道的在大腦里都是一張圖片。例如，如果你談論火，你可以聞到煙的氣味，感到熱，聽到噼啪聲，看到火焰。你想要做的是專註於大腦里火焰的圖像，在聽到「fire」的時候，創造一條路徑和那個火焰圖像相連。
推薦閱讀：
