20張動圖秒懂五大3D列印原理---高分子篇。GIF for 3D printing.

06-22

3D列印技術，大家也已經都不陌生了。3D列印（3DP)即快速成型技術的一種，它是一種以數字模型文件為基礎，運用粉末狀金屬或塑料等可粘合材料，通過逐層列印的方式來構造物體的技術。

3D printing, also known asadditive manufacturing(AM), refers to processes used to create athree-dimensionalobjectin which successive layers of material are formed undercomputer controlto create an object.Objects can be of almost any shape or geometry and are produced using digital model data from a3D modelor another electronic data source such as anAdditive Manufacturing File(AMF) file.

說不定未來這種技術，會像西部世界那樣，印表機器人？

Maybe this technology will be used in AI like Westworld?

西部世界中，3D列印骨骼

3D print bones

人形機器人的製造過程

Humanoid robot manufacturing process

3D列印通常是採用數字技術材料印表機來實現的。常在模具製造、工業設計等領域被用於製造模型，後逐漸用於一些產品的直接製造，已經有使用這種技術列印而成的零部件。該技術在珠寶、鞋類、工業設計、建築、工程和施工（AEC）、汽車，航空航天、牙科和醫療產業、教育、地理信息系統、土木工程、槍支以及其他領域都有所應用。

The technology is used in jewelry, footwear, industrial design, construction, engineering and construction (AEC), automotive, aerospace, dental and medical industries, education, geographic information systems, civil engineering, firearms and other fields.

今天，給大家分享的是3D列印原理高分子篇，主要介紹SLA、CLIP、3DP、PolyJet和FDM五大技術。

Today we will introduce 5 technologies:SLA,CLIP, 3DP, PolyJet and FDM.

1、SLA（StereoLithography）

SLA即光固化成型技術，指利用紫外光照射液態光敏樹脂發生聚合反應，來逐層固化並生成三維實體的成型方式，SLA製備的工件尺度精度高，是商業化的最早3D列印技術。

Stereolithography (SLA or SL; also known as stereolithography apparatus, optical fabrication, photo-solidification, or resin printing) is a form of 3-D printing technology used for creating models, prototypes, patterns, and production parts in a layer by layer fashion using photopolymerization, a process by which light causes chains of molecules to link, forming polymers.

以下是SLA工藝：

SLA process

紫外激光源

UV laser ultra volet

光固化反應

photopolymerization

逐層掃描成型

Layer-by-layer scanning

2、CLIP（ContinuousLiquid Interface Production technology）

CLIP即連續液體界面提取技術，是在Carbon 3D公司在SLA技術的基礎上開發的具有革命性的3D列印技術，將3D列印的速度提高了100倍！CLIP從底部投影，使光敏樹脂固化，不需要固化的部分通過控制氧氣，形成死區，抑制光固化反應而保持穩定的液態區域，這樣就保證了固化的連續性。

CLIP is a continuous liquid interface extraction technology, is in the Carbon 3D company in the SLA technology developed on the basis of a revolutionary 3D printing technology.

光固化反應

UV-curing

氧氣抑制光固化過程

Oxygen suppresses the light curing

光固化死區演示

Deadzone

CLIP成型過程

CLIP molding process

3、3DP（Three-DimensionalPrinting）

3DP即三維列印快速成型技術，其與傳統二維噴墨列印接近，從噴頭噴出粘結劑（彩色粘結劑可以列印出彩色製件），將平台上的粉末粘結成型，通常用採用石膏粉作為成型材料。3DP技術目前主要應用有兩個：全彩3D列印及砂模鑄造。

3DP that is three-dimensional printing rapid prototyping technology, which is close to the traditional two-dimensional inkjet printing, spray from the nozzle adhesive (color adhesive can print out the color pieces), the platform powder bonding molding, usually with the use of Gypsum powder as a molding material.

以下是Exone公司用3DP技術進行砂模鑄造的過程：

The process

粘結劑噴射

Binder spraying

加熱固化

Heat curing

列印成型

Printing

鑄造成型

Casting molding

4、PolyJet

PolyJet即聚合物噴射技術，其成型原理類似3DP技術，但噴射的不是粘合劑而是光固化樹脂，噴射完成後通過紫外光照射固化成型。

PolyJet is the polymer jet technology, its forming principle is similar to 3DP technology, but the injection is not a binder but light curing resin, after the completion of the spray through the UV light curing curing molding.

PolyJet成型原理

PolyJet forming principle

PolyJet採用陣列式噴頭，甚至可以同時噴射不同材料，實現多種材料、多色材料同時列印。

PolyJet uses an array of nozzles, and even can spray different materials at the same time.

陣列噴頭工作過程

Array nozzle working process

PolyJet列印過程

The printing process

5、FDM（FusedDeposition Modeling）

FDM即熔融層積技術，利用高溫將材料熔化，通過列印頭擠出成細絲，在構件平台堆積成型。FDM是最簡單也是最常見的3D列印技術，通常應用於桌面級3D列印設備。

FDM is using the high temperature to melt materials.FDM is the simplest and most common 3D printing technology, usually used in desktop 3D printing equipment.

以下是FDM技術的工作原理：

Working principle