瑞典詩人獲得諾貝爾文學獎

瑞典詩人獲得諾貝爾文學獎瑞典詩人特朗斯特羅姆周四獲得2011年諾貝爾文學獎，其作品有時陰鬱，但充滿力量，探索自然】孤獨與身份的奧義。

Tomas Transtr?mer, the Swedish poet whose sometimes bleak but powerful work explores themes of nature, isolation and identity, won the 2011 Nobel Prize in Literature on Thursday.

瑞典詩人特朗斯特羅姆周四獲得2011年諾貝爾文學獎，其作品有時陰鬱，但充滿力量，探索自然、孤獨與身份的奧義。

Announcing the award in Stockholm, the Swedish Academy praised Mr. Transtr?mer, saying that 「through his condensed, translucent images, he gives us fresh access to reality.」

瑞典文學院在斯德哥爾摩宣布獎項時，稱讚特朗斯特羅姆「以他的精緻澄明的意象給予我們通達現實的嶄新途徑。」

Neil Astley, the editor of Bloodaxe Books in Britain, called Mr. Transtr?mer 「a metaphysical visionary poet.」The assembled press broke out in loud cheers at the news that Mr. Transtr?mer, who was born in Stockholm, had won the prize.

Neil Astley，英國的Bloodaxe Books的編輯，將特朗斯特羅姆稱為「一位玄想詩人。」聚集著的媒體聽到生於斯德哥爾摩的特朗斯特羅姆獲得該獎的消息時，爆發巨大的歡呼。

Mr. Transtr?mer, 80, has written more than 15 collections of poetry, many of which have been translated into English and 60 other languages.

80歲的特朗斯特羅姆創作了超過15本詩集，被翻譯成包括英語在內的60多種語言。（譯註：中譯本《特朗斯特羅姆詩全集》由南海出版公司出版，李笠翻譯。）

「His poetry is both universal and particular,」 Mr. Astley said. 「It』s complex but very direct at the same time. He』s worked for much of his life as a psychologist, and the work is characterized by very strong psychological insight into humanity.」

「他的詩歌既普世又特殊，」Asley先生說。「它很複雜，同時又很直接。他大半生都在當心理醫生，他的詩歌義一種十分強烈的對人性的心理學洞見為特質。」

Mr. Transtr?mer, whose mother was a schoolteacher and father a journalist, studied literature, history, religion and psychology at the University of Stockholm, graduating in 1956. He briefly worked as a psychologist at a youth correctional facility.

特朗斯特羅姆，其母是一名學校教師，其父是一名記者，在斯德哥爾摩大學學習文學、歷史、宗教和心理學，於1956年畢業。他曾在一間青年教管所短暫擔任心理醫生的工作。

His following in the United States began to grow in the 1960』s. In 1990, Mr. Transtr?mer suffered a stroke that left him mostly unable to speak.

20世紀60年代之後他在美國的追隨者開始增多。1990年特朗斯特羅姆患中風，使他基本無法說話。

Writing in The Guardian, Paul Batchelor reviewed Mr. Transtr?mer』s "New Collected Poems," released in paperback this year. "He does not present his poems as nuggets of wisdom to be pondered," Mr. Batchelor wrote. "Instead, they tend to chart a progression from concrete reality to a heightened state of awareness."

Paul Batchelor在《衛報》上評論了特朗斯特羅姆的今年以平裝本發行的《新詩集》。「他不將他的詩歌展現成有待琢磨的智慧碎塊，」Batchelor先生寫道。「相反，它們傾向於追蹤從具體現實升華至一種明見境地的進程，」

Peter Englund, the permanent secretary of the academy, said this week that the Nobel committee had increased the number of 「scouts」 it employs to scour for books in non-European languages, showing it was sensitive to criticism that the prize is too Eurocentric. Europeans have won an overwhelming number of the literature prizes in the last decade; the last American writer to win a Nobel was Toni Morrison in 1993.

Peter Englund,瑞典文學院的常務秘書長，這周表示諾貝爾評委會已經增加了它雇來搜集非歐洲語言作品的「書探」，這表明它對於該獎過於歐洲中心主義的批評甚為敏感。在過於十年中，歐洲人贏得諾貝爾文學獎的次數是壓倒性的；上個贏得諾貝爾的美國作家是1993年的托尼·莫里森。

The committee noted after the announcement Thursday that it had been many years since a Swede had won the prize. The last time it happened was in 1974, when two Swedish authors, Eyvind Johnson and Harry Martinson, shared the prize.

委員會在周四的發布會後表示上次瑞典人獲得該獎是很多年前的事情了。那是在1974年，兩位瑞典作家Eyvind Johnson和Harry Martinson分享該獎。

Despite the public』s best efforts, most predictions of the winner turn out to be wrong. In 2010, the Syrian-born poet Adonis topped many speculative lists, and instead the Peruvian writer Mario Vargas Llosa came away a surprise winner.

儘管公眾絞盡腦汁，絕大多數的獲獎預測最終被證明是錯誤的。在2010年，敘利亞詩人阿多尼位列很多投機榜單頭名，但秘魯作家馬里奧·巴爾加薩·略薩最終令人驚喜地獲獎。

Along with perennial favorites including Philip Roth, Cees Nooteboom, and Ko Un, a late-breaking rumor emerged on Wednesday that Bob Dylan had emerged as the top contender for the prize, according to bettors on Ladbrokes, Britain』s largest bookmaker.

除了一些長年熱門人選如菲利普·羅斯，賽斯·諾特博姆和高銀，周三爆出的傳言是鮑勃·迪倫成為該獎的頭號奪冠候選人，該消息來自英國最大書商Ladbrokes的賭家。

This year, many members of the literary world predicted that the Nobel committee, whose decisions have frequently appeared to be influenced by politics, would choose an Arab writer in a nod to the spiraling protests in the Middle East.

今年，很多文學界人士預測，頻繁受政治影響的諾貝爾評委會將挑選一位阿拉伯作家來支持中東地區的急劇上升的反抗聲浪。

Since 1901, 103 Nobel Prizes in Literature have been awarded. The prize comes with an honorarium of 10 million kronor, or about $1.5 million.

自1901年起，諾貝爾文學獎已頒發了103次。該獎項伴有一千萬克朗的獎金，約合一千五百萬美元。

譯者附 特朗斯特羅姆詩三首，李笠譯：

果戈理

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