直接引語變為間接引語口訣

趣味學英語系列之十四在初中英語中直接引語變為間接引語對於學生們來說也是一個難點，因為需要變化的內容很多，這兒有一個關於直接引語變間接引語的口訣，幫助大家來記憶。直接引語變間接引語口訣：直引若是一般問，變間ifwhether連。語序變為陳述式，時態人稱相應變。直引若是特殊問，疑問詞連接記心間。其餘問題挺簡單，一切只當一般問。直引若是祈使句，謂語動詞挺要緊。 toldaskedordered,根據口氣來選定。告訴人、請人、命令人，後跟to do sth.。若是否定祈使句,not to do後邊行。直接引語變間接引語的人稱變化:一主二賓三不變.直接引語的第一人稱取決於主句的主語,第二人稱取決於主句的賓語,第三人稱一般不變。附直接引語變間接引語的詳細介紹：直接引語就是直接引用別人的話，並把它放在引號內；間接引語就是用自己的話轉述別人的話，不加引號。直接引語變成間接引語時，間接引語通常以賓語從句的形式出現。直接引語變成間接引語時還要注意人稱的變化、時態的變化、指示代詞的變化、時間狀語的變化及地點狀語的變化。1. 直接引語是陳述句變為間接引語的方法如果直接引語是陳述句，在變為間接引語時，由連詞that引導（在口語中that常省略）。主句中如果有say to somebody （對某人說），通常變為tell somebody （告訴某人）。◆ He said, 「I get on well with people here.」→He said that he got on well with people there.◆ Susan said, 「We can finish the work tomorrow.」→Susan said that they could finish the work the next day.◆ John said to me, 「I told her all about it three days ago.」→John told me that he had told her all about it three days before.【提醒注意】如果直接引語是兩個並列的陳述句，變為間接引語時，第一個賓語從句前的that有時可省略，但第二個賓語從句前的that不可省略。◆He said, 「I like swimming and I want to go swimming with you.」→He said (that) he liked swimming and that he wanted to go swimming with us.2. 直接引語是一般疑問句變為間接引語的方法直接引語如果是一般疑問句，變為間接引語時，要用連詞whether 或if 引導，同時把原來的疑問句語序變為陳述句語序。主句中的謂語動詞是said時，要改為asked，沒有間接賓語時，還可根據具體情況加一個間接賓語，如me, us, him等。◆The teacher said, 「Will you be back today?」→The teacher asked (him) if (whether) he would be back that day.◆He asked, 「Has the bell rung?」→He asked if / whether the bell had rung.◆ 「Shall (Should) I tell her your telephone number?」 he asked me. （表示詢問、徵求意見）→He wanted to know if （whether） he should tell her my telephone number.【提醒注意】 「Would you like to...?」和「Would you please...?」 表示的是請求，變為間接引語時，常用動詞不定式形式。◆ 「Would you like to help me with mylessons?」 she asked me.→She asked me to help her with her lessons.3. 直接引語是特殊疑問句變為間接引語的方法直接引語如果是特殊疑問句（即what, which, who, whom, whose, how, why, when, where, how many, how long等引導的疑問句），變為間接引語時，仍用原來的疑問詞引導，但要把原來的疑問句語序改為陳述句語序。◆ He asked, 「Who can carry the box?」→He asked who could carry the box. (who作主語，語序不變)◆ He asked, 「Who is the man near the window?」→He asked who the man near the window was.（who作表語，要改為陳述句語序）◆ 「Which one do you like best here?」 he asked her.→He asked her which one she liked best there.◆「How shall (should) I read the book?」 she asked. （表示徵詢意見）→She wanted to know how she should read the book.4、直接引語是祈使句變間接引語的方法。直接引語是祈使句，如果變為間接引語，其間接引語應為「tell(ask/order/beg 等) sb(not) to do sth」?例如:1) 「Be careful with your writing,」 the teacher said to me.The teacher told me to be careful with my writing.2) 「Don』t take off your coats,」 she said to the children.She told the children not to take off their coats.5、時態變化要根據主句中的謂語動詞時態調整賓語從句中謂語動詞的時態?如果主句中的謂語動詞是現在時,賓語從句中謂語動詞的時態可以不變;如果主句的謂語動詞是一般過去時,則從句謂語動詞的時態要變為相應的過去時態?例如:1) He said, 「 I get up early every morning.」He said that he got up early every morning. (一般現在時→一般過去時)2) She said, 「I am working on a homework project.」She said she was working on a homework project. (現在進行時→過去進行時)3) She said, 「 I met my friend in the street.」She said that she had met her friend in the street. (一般過去時→過去完成時)注意在下面幾種情況下,從句中謂語動詞的時態可以保持不變:1) 直接引語敘述的是科學真理?客觀事實?格言等?例如:「The moon moves round the earth,」 the teacher said to the students.The teacher told the students that the moon moves round the earth.2) 直接引語中有明確的不受語境限制的過去時間狀語?例如:「John went to Paris by air in 1985,」 Jack said.
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