原創翻譯：龍騰網 http://www.ltaaa.com 翻譯：bonjour 轉載請註明出處論壇地址：http://www.ltaaa.com/bbs/thread-444555-1-1.htmlF-35 fighter jet disappoints Japanesedefense industryF-35戰機讓日本國防工業大失所望Hopes dashed for bigger role in production,posing risk to domestic companies扮演重要製造角色的希望破滅，日本企業面臨風險
Japan"s first F-35 stealth fighter jet wasunveiled at Mitsubishi Heavy Industries" Minami Komaki Plant in AichiPrefecture on June 5.日本首架F-35隱形戰鬥機於6月5日在位於愛知縣的三菱重工小牧南工廠亮相。TOKYO -- Japan"s first F-35 stealth fighterjet, which underwent final assembly in the country, was unveiled at Mitsubishi HeavyIndustries" Minami Komaki Plant in Aichi Prefecture on June 5. But Japan"sexpectations for a larger role in the aircraft"s production remain unfulfilled.東京——日本首架F-35隱形戰鬥機在日本國內完成總裝，於6月5日在位於愛知縣的三菱重工小牧南工廠亮相。但是，日本並沒有實現其在該型飛機的生產中扮演更重要角色的願望。[copy]The F-35 is the Air Self-Defense Force"snext-generation, mainstay fighter plane. The Defense Ministry plans to importfour assembled F-35s, but this time components manufactured abroad wereimported and assembled here. During the ministry"s selection process for thenext mainstay fighter, the Japanese defense industry requested a role producingsome parts. But things are not going as planned.F-35戰機是空中自衛隊的下一代主力戰鬥機。防衛省計划進口四架F-35整機，但這次是進口國外生產的零件然後在日本組裝。在對下一代主力戰機的選擇過程中，日本防衛省要求部分零件在日本生產。但是事情並未按照計划進行。Lockheed Martin developed the F-35 jointlywith partners from eight other countries. Japan was not involved. The aircrafthas high stealth capability that makes it difficult for radar to detect. TheASDF will deploy them to deal with North Korean provocations and foreignaircraft violating Japan"s airspace.洛馬公司跟其他八個國家聯合研製F-35。日本並未參與該項目。該型戰鬥機有著優異的隱身性能，雷達難以發現其行蹤。日本空中自衛隊將用該型飛機對抗北朝鮮的挑釁和侵犯日本領空的外國飛機。Since the U.S. is already operating F-35s,joint operations will be easier. Expectations for the new model are highbecause Japan"s fighter jets, including the F-2 jointly developed with theU.S., are aging.由於美國已經裝備了F-35，聯合行動會更簡單一些。日本對於這一新機型抱有極大期望，因為日本現在裝備的戰鬥機，包括跟美國聯合研製的F-2戰鬥機已經老舊。[/copy]It remains uncertain, however, whether theF-35 will give Japan"s defense industry a boost since it may be involvedonly in final assembly.然而，到現在為止，F-35究竟能否促進日本國防工業發展仍是未知數，因為日本僅參與最終組裝。Domestic parts suppliers threatened國內零件生產商面臨威脅Japanese companies have benefited as partssuppliers for the F-2. These parts need to be replaced periodically, keepingthe industry busy. And being involved in fighter jet production enables theindustry to transfer acquired technologies to the civilian aircraft field.One such example is carbon fiber composite materials, the manufacturingtechnologies of which came from the F-2 and were subsequently used in theBoeing 787.日本企業在為F-2生產零件的業務中獲利。這些零件會被定期更換以保持企業的生產任務。參與戰鬥機製造讓這些企業能夠把掌握的技術轉化到民用飛機製造領域。例如，源於F-2戰鬥機生產技術的碳纖維複合材料隨後被用於製造波音787。But delivery of new F-2s ended in 2011. Partsmakers that lost contracts because of this dropped out of the industry.但是F-2戰鬥機在2011年就停產了。零件生產商因為合同終止退出了該工業領域。Selection of the next mainstay fighter jetended in 2011 after fierce competition between three Western rivals. Inaddition to performance and price, the Defense Ministry took into accountwhether the manufacturer would allow Japanese makers to join the productionprocess, a concern intended to help prevent the domestic defense industry fromlosing competitiveness.在三種西方戰鬥機進行了激烈的競爭後，下一代主力戰機的競標於2011年結束。除性能和價格外，防衛省還將外國製造商是否允許日本國內企業參與飛機生產納入考慮範疇，此舉是為了避免日本國防企業喪失競爭力。Despite high expectations, the only roleJapan is presently slated to play for the F-35 is in assembly. There was a planto produce part of the fuselage in the country when the F-35 was chosen, but ithas virtually been abandoned, according to a defense industry source. In short,selecting the F-35 hardly benefits parts makers and reduces their role in theaircraft industry.儘管期望很高，日本目前僅在F-35製造中負責組裝。在F-35中標時曾有計劃讓日本生產部分機身，但是根據國防工業的消息，該計劃已被廢止。簡言之，選擇F-35很難讓日本國內零件製造商獲益，而且還減少了它們在飛機工業中扮演的角色。The ministry is planning to purchase 42F-35s. Of them, four will be imported as finished products. The ministry willthen choose how to further replace the aging SDF fleet, but the F-35 is not alock because Boeing, which lost the F-35 bid to Lockheed Martin, is looking tomake a comeback.防衛省計劃購買42架F-35，其中四架將以整機形式從國外進口。防衛省之後會選擇如何替換已經老舊的空自戰機，但是F-35並不是，因為在F-35競標中敗給洛馬公司的波音公司正在尋找機會捲土重來。Parts manufacturers for aircraft withadvanced stealth capabilities require high-level security clearance, which maketechnology transfers difficult. As such, Japanese defense businesses need toconsider whether they could recover their investment by marginally supportingonly 42 jets.為隱形戰鬥機生產零件的供應商要求高級別保密措施，這讓技術轉讓非常困難。所以，日本國防工業需要考慮如果僅為42架戰鬥機提供部分零件的話能否收回投資。[copy]Demand for defense equipment has helpednurture the domestic aerospace industry after World War II. After theseven-year hiatus imposed by the Allies, the industry began acquiringtechnologies for maintenance and repair of U.S. military aircraft and forproduction of SDF aircraft parts.國防設備訂單在二戰後養育了日本國內航空工業。在被盟軍叫停7年之後，日本航空工業開始獲得技術以保養和維修美國戰鬥機，並為空中自衛隊生產飛機零件。As appreciation for Japanese technologicalprowess rose, so did the ratio of Japanese-made parts in Boeing civilianaircraft. Now these parts account for 35% of each Boeing 787, including themain wings. The defense sector accounts for only around 20% of aircraftproduction.隨著對日本技術水平認可度的上升，波音民用飛機的日本零件製造率也在上升。現在每架波音787飛機，包括主機翼在內35%的零件都是日本生產。國防訂單僅占航空製造訂單總數的20%。[/copy]Japan"s aircraft industry is experiencing aleveling-off. It is heavily dependent on Boeing, but orders from the companyare falling. Hopes for the Mitsubishi Regional Jet -- the first domesticallymade aircraft in half a century -- were high, but its development has beenrepeatedly delayed.日本的航空工業正在經歷水平下滑。航空工業嚴重依賴波音，但是來自波音的訂單正在減少。對於三菱支線飛機——半個世紀以來首款日本國產飛機——的期望很高，但是該型飛機的開發計劃一直在推遲。Aerospace companies have long dreamed oftransforming from parts suppliers into aircraft manufacturers. But the dreamhas yet to materialize.航空企業一直以來都夢想著從零件供應商升級成飛機製造商。但是這一夢想仍未實現。Defense aircraft won"t be enough to salvagethe aerospace industry. If there is little prospect for manufacturing newaircraft, the industry should try become better at maintenance of engines andother parts, leaving bold ideas behind as they strive to stay relevant.國防訂單不足以挽救日本航空工業。如果在製造新飛機方面看不到希望，日本航空工業應該嘗試提升發動機和其他零件維護能力，努力為了保持業內關聯性而放棄大膽的想法。(Nikkei)（日經）
