Chinese scientific and technological highlights of 2013

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ExperimentalobservationofthequantumanomaloushalleffectinamagnetictopologicalinsulatorTheresearchteamledbyProfessorQikunXuefromTsinghuaUniversity,incollaborationwithresearchersfromtheInstituteofPhysicsoftheChineseAcademyofSciencesandStanfordUniversity,madeabreakthroughinthefieldofcondensedmatterphysics.TheyreportedthefirstexperimentalobservationofthequantumanomalousHallEffect,whichrepresentsaveryimportantnewphenomenondiscoveredfirstbyChinesephysicists,asreportedintheonlineeditionofScience.Theteamhasworkedontheprojectforfouryears,testingmorethan1000samples.MannedSubJiaolongcompletesdeep-seadiveOnJune10China"smannedsubmersibleJiaolong,boardingitssupportshipXiangyanghong-9,leftportinJiangyinofeastChina"sJiangsuprovinceforitsfirstvoyageofexperimentalapplicationin2013.Duringthe103-daymission,thesubmadeseveralresearchdivesintheSouthChinaSea,thenortheastPacificOcean,andthewestPacific.Jiaolongsetanewdepthrecordafterdescendingto7,062metersinthePacificOcean"sMarianaTrenchinJune2012.Thismeansthatthesubmersibleiscapableofconductingdeep-searesearchandresourceexplorationin99.8percentoftheworld"soceans.Shenzhou-10,China"sfirstapplication-orientedspaceflightTheShenzhou-10mannedspacecraftwaslaunchedattheJiuquanSatelliteLaunchCenteronJune11, 2013.Duringits15-dayjourneyinspace,Shenzhou-10dockedtwicewiththeorbitingspacelabTiangong-1,oncethroughautomaticoperationandtheotherundermanualcontrol.Thethreeastronauts,twomenandawoman,spent12daysinTiangong-1,wheretheyconductedmedicalexperimentsandtechnicaltrials,anddeliveredalecturetostudentsonEarthaboutbasicprinciplesofphysics.ComparedwiththepreviousShenzhou-9missionlastyear,Shenzhou-10isnolongerexperimentalbutconsideredanapplicableshuttlesystemfortransportingastronautsandsuppliestoorbitingmodules.ItwasChina"slongestspaceflightyetconducted.Themissionaimedtofurthertesttechnologiesdesignedfordockingandsupportingastronautsinspace,aswellastousenewtechnologiesrelatedtothefutureconstructionofaspacestation.StemcellsreprogrammedusingonlychemicalprocessesAfter5yearsofwork,theteamledbyDengHongkui,astem-cellbiologistatPekingUniversityinBeijing,screened10,000smallmoleculestofindchemicalsubstitutesforgenes.Deng"steamsearchesforsmall-moleculecompoundsthatcouldreprogramcellsinthepresenceofalltheusualgenes.Therevolutionarylifescienceresearchhasattractedtheattentionoftheinternationalacademiccommunity.TheresultsofthisstudywerepublishedintheprestigiousjournalScienceonJuly18.ChinabuildsTaishanstationinAntarcticaChinabuiltanewresearchstationinAntarcticacalledTaishan.ItwasChina』sfourthresearchstationinthesouthernpole,servingasthecountry"sfourthsummerfieldcampandAntarcticbaseinPrincessElizabethLand.China"slunarprobeChang"e-3,withthecountry"sfirstmoonroverChina"slunarprobeChang"e-3,carryingthecountry"sfirstmoonroversuccessfullylandedonthemoononDec14 2013,markingthefirsttimethatChinahassentaspacecrafttosoftlandonthesurfaceofanextraterrestrialbody.FollowingthesuccessesoftheChang"e-2missions,whichincludedplottingahigh-resolution,full-coveragelunarmap,theChang"e-3missionwasthesecondphaseofChina"slunarprogram,andincludedorbiting,landingandreturningtoEarth.Chinareleases4GlicensesChinaawardedlicensesforspeediermobileservicesonDec4, 2013,pavingthewayforthecountry"sstate-ownedtelecommunicationscarrierstoacceleratebuildingnewnetworks.ThelicenseswillallowChina"stelecomoperatorstorunfourth-generationmobiletechnology.ThenewnetworksareexpectedtoproveaboontoChina"snumerousInternetcompanies,whichareseekingspeediermobileconnectionstoprovideservicestoChina"sgrowingnumberofsmartphoneusers.Chinaelects104newacademiciansOn19thDecember2013,theChineseAcademyofSciences(CAS)andtheChineseAcademyofEngineering(CAE)announcedthenamesoftheirnewlyelectedAcademicians,thehighestacademichonorinthefieldofscienceandtechnologyinChina. 53of391nominatedcandidateswereelectedasCASAcademiciansonthisoccasion,expandingtheCASmembershipto750.CAEelected51of560candidates,whichbroughtitstotalnumberofAcademiciansto807.Inaddition,CASelected9newforeignAcademiciansfromtheUSA,France,Denmark,Israel,BrazilandIndia,includingIsraeliNobelPrizewinnerAaronCiechanover.CAEalsoelected6foreignmembersfromtheUSA,AustraliaandDenmark.（Editor：GaoYinan、Zhang Qian）Related readingTen trends of China"s Internet development in 2013In cartoons: News of the year 2013In cartoons: Top words in China 2013Joy and sorrow of 2013We Recommend

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