英語原因狀語從句的用法大全
英語時間狀語從句的用法大全
英語地點狀語從句的用法大全
英語目的狀語從句的用法大全
二、原因狀語從句
常用來引導原因狀語從句的從屬連詞有:because、as、since、for。
除此之外,還有一些其實也較為常見但對於不少基礎階段的英語學習者來說不太熟悉的連接詞語,如:now (that)、when、seeing (that) 、considering (that)、given (that)、in that、for the reason that等。
(一)because、as、since、for的用法
這四個連接詞是最為常見的,也比較容易混淆,所以經常在各種英語考試中考查到。下面我們就來梳理梳理。
1、because的用法because引導的原因狀語從句一般放於主句的後面。當because從句位於句首時,要用逗號分開;放在句末時,可不用逗號分開。如:
從句在後(有逗號):We didn"t go for an outing last Saturday, because it was raining hard the whole day.
從句在後(無逗號):We didn"t go for an outing last Saturday because it was raining hard the whole day.
從句在前(必須有逗號):Because it was raining hard the whole day, we didn"t go for an outing last Saturday.
because表示直接原因, 在這組連接詞中語氣最強, 一般用來回答why引導的疑問句。如:
-Why didn"t you come to my birthday party last night?
- Because my sister was ill. I had to take care of her the whole night.
【注意】
1)與漢語不同的是,英語中的because 不能與so連用。比如:
錯誤:Because it was raining hard the whole day,sowe didn"t go for an outing last Saturday.
正確:Because it was raining hard the whole day, we didn"t go for an outing last Saturday.
2)because of 也表示原因,但與從屬連詞because不同的是,它是介詞短語,後面不接從句, 只能接名詞、代詞或動名詞及其短語。如:
He can"t go to school because of his illness.
He can"t go to school because he is ill.
3)not...because結構
該結構中的否定詞有時否定主句,有時否定從句,一般要根據句子的意思作出正確或合乎邏輯的理解。若not否定主句,最好在because之前用逗號,否則會引起歧義。如:
I didn"t go there yesterday because I was afraid.
在沒有上下文的情況下,這句話有兩種理解,即:
否定主句:I didn"t go there yesterday, because I was afraid. (我因為害怕,所以昨天沒有去那兒)
否定從句:I went there yesterday, not because I was afraid. (我昨天去那兒,並不是因為我害怕。)
不過,如果because之前有just修飾,一般認為not 是否定從句的。如:
You shouldn"t get angry just because some people speak ill of you. (你不要因為有人說你壞話而生氣。)
從這個意義上講,《新概念英語》第二冊第29課的最後一句如果沒有上下文也會引起歧義:
...but Captain Faucett did not take him because the trip was too dangerous.
以上句子就可以作兩種理解,即:
否定主句...but Captain Faucett did not take him, because the trip was too dangerous.
否定從句:...but Captain Faucett took him, not because the trip was too dangerous.
2、since的用法
since引導的原因狀語從句一般放於主句之前,表示雙方都已知的、顯然的理由,通常被翻譯成「既然」,相當於now that。since的用法較為正式, 語氣比because弱。
Since you are free today, can you help me with the housework?
Now that you are grown up, you should rely on yourself.
【注意】
since也常後接時間或過去發生的事情,來表示「自從...以來」,其引導的從句動作一般都採用一般過去時,而其主句經常使用完成時。如:
I have lived here since 2015. (我從2015年開始就住在這兒了。)
She has learned English since she was two years old. (她從兩歲開始就學習英語了。)
3、as的用法
as引導原因狀語從句時,表示附帶說明的「雙方已知的原因」,含有對比說明的意味,語氣比since弱, 較為正式。位置較為靈活,但常放於主句之前。
As the wage of the job was low, there were few applicants for it.
As you are tired, you had better take a rest.
【注意】
as常用來引導時間狀語從句和方式狀語從句。如:
時間狀語從句:A sudden chill of horror sweeps over her as she feels the drip of saliva upon her hand. (當她感覺到滴到她雙手上的唾液時,恐怖的寒慄突然遍布了她全身。)
方式狀語從句:She did it as I had told her to.
4、for的用法
for引導的是並列句,表示原因,但並不構成主句行為發生的直接原因,只提供一些輔助性的補充說明。for引導的並列句只能放於主句之後,並且必須用逗號將其與主句隔開。如:
It must have rained last night, for the street is wet all over.
主句猜測昨天晚上肯定下雨了,理由是街道都濕了。但是,街道上濕了,不一定是下雨了,也有可能是洒水車灑的,所以主從句不構成直接的因果關係。
在《新概念英語》第二冊第43課里,也有一句話是用了for來引導表原因的並列句的,即
Byrd now knew that he would be able to reach the South Pole which was 300 miles away, for there were no more mountains in sight.
句中的for引導的句子,補充說明為什麼Byrd知道他們能夠安全抵達南極的原因,即前面再沒有山了。
順便說一句,該句其實有個紕漏,即句中的定語從句是限定性定語從句,但考慮到the South Pole具有唯一性,所以應該使用非限定性定語從句才對,即要在Pole後面加上逗號。
(二)其他連接詞語的用法
其他常見的用來連接原因狀語從句的連接詞語有:now (that)、when、seeing (that) 、considering (that)、given (that)、in that、for the reason that等。如:
She is much more mobile now that she has a car. (她現在出去方便多了,她有了一輛汽車。)
I won"t tell you when you won"t listen. (既然你不想聽,那我就不告訴你了。)
He looks young considering his age. (照他的年紀看來,他顯得年輕。)
Given that he was still a boy, I forgave him. (考慮到他還是個孩子,我就原諒他了。)
We aren"t going for the simple reason that we can"t afford it. (我們不去,只是因為我們負擔不起。)
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