美音模仿： 連讀與弱讀
DownloadPick me up this afternoon in front of the bus station.Did you notice how stiff and chopped up the first sentence sounds?In the second sentence, notice the y sound between me and up. Also notice how the s on this is attached to the word afternoon. And the s on the end of bus blends right into the s on station. All of these elements work together to demonstrate linking in this sentence.你注意到了嗎？第一個句子聽起來顯得生硬，而且不連貫。請注意在第二個句子中，在me和up之間有一個y音。this後面的s音與afternoon連在一起。而在bus中後面的s則與station的s連成一體。所有這些因素一起展示了句子中的連讀。第一招Consonant and Vowel 輔音與母音When one word ends with a consonant and the next word begins with a vowel sound, take the final consonant off the first word and attach it to the following vowel sound如果一個單詞以一個輔音結尾，緊跟的下一個單詞的詞首是母音的話，把第一個單詞詞尾的輔音從第一個單詞脫離，使它與緊跟著的母音連在一起。
Downloadhad it→open up→turn over→練習：come in, help out, give up, get up, give in, grab it, hold on, wipe up, map out, take outI"ve had it with this business.Mike is ready now.Don"t give up your job yet.Do you think you can grab it?Please wrap it in blue paper.Please come in.Let"s put the rug over there.We need some time out tonight.How much money do you need to live on?How long is the sale on?When does the new store open up?You need to wipe up the milk.What time do you get up?I"m glad I could help out tonight.第二招Vowel and Vowel 母音與母音When a word ends in a vowel sound and the next word begins with a vowel sound, they are connected with a glide between the two vowels.如果一個單詞以母音結束，下一個單詞以母音開始的話，兩個母音之間用一個滑音連在一起。
DownloadGo away.I also need the other one.A glide is either a slight y sound or a slight w sound. How do you know which one to use? This will take care of itself-the position your lips are in will dictate either y or w.連接滑音是一個很輕的y音或w音。那麼，到底應該用哪一個呢？順其自然，因為你嘴唇的位置將決定你是應該用y還是w。For example, if a word ends in [?u] your lips are going to be in the forward position, so a [w] quite naturally leads into the next sound-go away. After a long [I:] sound, your lips will be pulled back far enough to create a [y]need the other one.比如說，如果一個單詞以[?u] 結束的話，你的嘴唇會處於一個向前的位置，因此會很自然地用[w] 音與下一個音連起來。而你在發完長音[i:]後，你的嘴唇往回收，正好發[y] 的滑音或連讀。
Downloadhe is→[hi:"iz]stay on→I am→go on→how about→who is→練習：ray is, way up, we are, she understands, he enters, he ignores, they open, I ask, we appreciate, they apply, my ultimate, who are, vow about, shoe on, so all, bow in, you ask, throw it, allow all, clue about, so on.That boy is getting tall.That toy always makes noise.Be sure to weigh it.Did they apply already?Why does he ignore me?We appreciate your offer.The balloon is way up there.My innocence saved me.I think she understands you.They uttered good morning.We all want you to stay on for a few days.When is this day over?You take the upper bunk.They open the doors at ten.How many rides did you go on?I sew all my own dresses.Let"s row out to the island.Pretty soon this will all blow over.Please throw it in the trash.Mr. How is my math teacher.Be careful not to mow over the holesYou must have something to glow about.My toe is swollen.Why wrinkle your brow in that way?You don"t need to bow in the US.Put your other shoe on, please.樓主第三招 Consonant and Consonant 輔音與輔音When a word ends with one consonant, and the next word begins with the same or similar consonant, hold the final consonant as you connect it to the next word.如果一個單詞的詞尾是輔音，下一個單詞以相同或相似的輔音開始的話，用第一個單詞的輔音詞尾來連接下一個單詞。
Downloaddeep pondbus station?????this zoo??????top bookjot down練習Downloadtake care, car ride, sore ribs, bad dog, sad day, bus station, lace sash, enough air, laugh for, Tom Martin, shame me, wish she, have five, this zoo, what do, top book, laugh very, his son, would Tom, bad boy, hot pool, with thoseJust give the tab back to me when you"re ready.When will it rain next?Tap Paul on the shoulder for me, please.Grab Bill and have him come here.How much did the cake cost?Take care of yourself.How long is the car ride?He isn"t a bad dog.The answer is zero.Why do you want to shame me?I wish she would stay.Ann Nolan lives over there.We wash sheets on Fridays.Do you have five dollars?What do you do for a living?Go out the back gate.Which show do you wanna see?Don"t let the dog cry.I wish church weren"t so long.We haven"t been to this zoo yet.I think it"s the top book.Is his son here?第四招 Consonant Cluster 輔音群When there are several consonants between the end of one word and the beginning of another, you"re linking clustered consonants in two separate words. These are the most challenging of any linked words. You must pronounce three, four, or even five consonants all together. But there are a few things you can do to make this process a little easier.如果一個單詞的詞尾與下一個單詞的詞首之間有幾個輔音的話，你就要把這些擠在一起的輔音連起來讀。在所有單詞的連接中，這是最難的，因為你必須把三個、四個，甚至是五個輔音連在一起來發音。不過，還是有幾個方法可以使事情變得容易些。When the first word of a clustered pair ends with a t or d, you can sometimes drop the t or d.如果第一個單詞以t或d結束，t或d就可以被省略。
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You can also drop the t or d inside of words where there is a cluster of consonants. Instead of saying ["restlis](restless), try saying ["reslis].如果一個單詞里有t或d的話，也可以省略這兩個音。這樣，我們就不用說["restlis]而是說["reslis]。
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第五招 T, D, S, or Z + Y T,D,S或Z+YWhen the letter or sound of T, D, S, or Z is followed by a word that starts with Y, or its sound, both sounds are connected. These letters and sounds connect not only with Y, but they do so as well with the initial unwritten [y] sound of syllables and words. They form a combination that changes the pronunciation.如果字母或發音T, D, S, 或 Z後跟一個由Y或y音開始的單詞，兩個音就連在一起。這種連接不僅僅在有Y的時候，而且在單詞和音節前有一個不寫出的[y]時也會發生。這種連接組合會改變單詞的發音。?
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樓主前言：Reduction and Contraction弱讀與縮讀One of the truly indicative aspects of the American sound is the rapid American English. Rapid English is a combination of liaison, contraction and reduction. Since you probably first became acquainted with English through the printed word, you may find it uncomfortable, and you may even hesitate to use these reductions in your speech. However, it is important that you recognize reductions when you hear them, so that you can understand better what native speakers are saying. Speakers of standard American English use reduced English much of the time. The correct use of reduction in appropriate reduced English would make you sound very American.美式英語語速快是美國口語的顯著特徵之一。快速美式英語是連讀、縮讀和弱讀的聯合體。一開始，你很可能是通過文字和書本認識英語的，你會對快速口語感到不太自在，而且你在講話時也不太敢使用弱讀。不過，你能否聽出弱讀是很重要的，只有這樣，你才能更好地聽懂英語為母語的人說的話。使用標準美語的人都會常常使用英語弱音。如果你能在合適的時候正確地使用弱音，聽起來你就很像地道的美國人了。第六招Reduction 弱讀Listen to the word photograph and pay close attention as it is read in two different ways.留心聽一下photograph這個單詞。這個單詞會用不同的方式念兩遍。
DownloadphotographThis type of reduction makes English flow more smoothly and rapidly. Learning how to use vowel reductions is an important tool in making your English sound natural and easy. There are two areas where vowels are reduced. One is inside words that have two or more syllables. The other area is in the use of the little words that hold your sentence together to make grammatical sense.正是這種弱讀使英語聽起來更為流暢快速。要想使你的英語口語聽起來自然流暢，就必須學會如何運用母音弱讀。母音弱讀有兩方面內容：一是有兩個或兩個以上音節的單詞；二是如何念一些把句子連在一起、使之合乎語法的短詞。
Download1. Two-syllable Words雙音節單詞The typical pattern is to reduce the second syllable.雙音節單詞中弱化的一般是第二個音節。April, enter, restful, escape, release, denyMy birthday"s in April.Where do we enter?Press this button to release the door.His guilt was hard to deny.2. Multiple-syllable Words多音節單詞In multiple-syllable words, one syllable will be stressed. One or two others may or may not get some stress and at least one syllable will be reduced. We"ve already seen this with our example of photograph.多音節單詞里，有一個音節是重讀的，其它的一、兩個音節可能會有一些重音，單詞里至少有一個音節是弱讀的。我們剛聽過的photograph就是一個例子。religion, education, eradicate, entertain, competition, eliminate, instigateWhat"s your religion?Where did you get your education?How can we eradicate all the fleas?Let"s entertain tonight.Try to eliminate your competitionHow can I instigate an investigation?
Download3. Some words have a vowel sound that"s completely eliminated.在有些單詞里會有一個母音是完全被省略的。This happens when there"s more than one reduced vowel sound following the stressed syllable. The dropped syllable tends to be the one right after the stressed syllable. It happens more commonly before an r.在重讀音節後面跟著不止一個的弱化音節時會出現這種情況。被完全省略的常常是緊跟在重讀音節後面的音節。這種情況在字母r前面最常見。chocolate, restaurant, temperature, family, natural, several, separateMost people like chocolate.What"s your favorite restaurant?The temperature gets pretty high in the desert.Where"s your family?I like to go to natural food stores.You have several options.Could we have separate checks?4. When a word ends with ary, ully or ally, the a or u vowel is often dropped.如果單詞以ary、ully或ally結尾的話，母音a或u常常會被省略。finally, accidentally, powerfully, elementaryWe finally finished painting.I accidentally cut myself.I was powerfully affected by the movie last night.There are two elementary schools in the neighborhood.5. Vowel reductions occur in the little words短字里的母音略讀Articles such as a or the, pronouns such as he or it, auxiliary verbs such as is or can, prepositions such as to or for and conjunctions such as and or but are usually reduced sounds.冠詞如a或the、代詞如he或it、助動詞如is或can、介詞如to或for、還有連詞如and或but，常常會被弱化。
Download○1 Articles 冠詞the the man, the best, the last one, the apple, the egg, the easy wayWhere"s the classroom?What"s the time?Let"s take the new car.Where"s the electricity?When"s the eclipse?The eggs are scrambled.a a girl, a banana, a computerThis is a book.Where"s a restaurant?I"m watching a movie.an an orange, an opening, an interviewEat an orange.My mother is an Italian citizen.I have an apple in my bag.樓主連讀（下）○2 Prepositions 介詞
Downloadto today, to work, to school, to the storeWe have to go now.He went to work.He told me to help.I go to work.A quarter to two.The only way to get it.You"ve got to pay to get it.So to speak.I want to go.I"m going to the store.Which way to Nevada?I went to Illinois.But I want to. (Exception at the end of a sentence.)atI"ll see you at lunch.The meeting"s at one.He"s at work.They"re at school.I live at 3929 River Street.We have to leave at ten.Richard"s at the store.forThis is for you.It"s for my friend.I went to the store for some eggs.I filled the gas tank for you.fromIt"s from the IRS.Get away from me.Who"s it from? (Exception at the end of a sentence)Where are you from? (Exception at the end of a sentence)inIt"s in the bag.What"s in it?He"s in America.He lives in Maine.He"s in the pool.ofI need a pound of bananas.Here"s a loaf of bread.He has a lot of energy.That"s a lot of exercise.It"s the top of the line.It"s a state of the art printer.He had hands of ice.Get out of here.Practice all of the time.○3 Pronouns 代詞
DownloaditGive it to me.What is it?I got it in London.It"s all right.yourIs this your dog?I like your new dress.Where"s your wife?ourWhose our teacher?I like our new car.Where"s our dog?themcan be pronounced [e?m] or [?m][e?m]I saw them yesterday.We fixed them already.I passed them in the hall.[?m]I saw them yesterday.We fixed them already.I passed them in the hall.whatWhat time is it?What"s up?What"s on your agenda?What do you mean?What did you mean?What did you do about it?someDo you want some more?I"ll have some coffee, thank you.Here"s some money.○4 Conjunction 連詞
Downloadand ham and eggs, bread and butter, you and I, salt and pepperWe have mashed potatoes and gravy.There are roses and daisies in the garden.We went to Washington and Oregon.We need a dish washer and an oven.or soup or salad, now or later, more or less, left or rightDo you want cream or sugar?Are you Mary or Susan?thatI know that it"s true.I don"t think that I know you.I heard that you were coming.He said that he liked it.It"s true that I"m English.asThis is as good as it gets.That is as it should be.butI don"t know, but I think so.John is well, but Larry is sick.I like her but she doesn"t like me.thanThis is better than that.The older child behaves better than the younger one.It"s warmer than yesterday.○5 Be 系動詞
DownloadareWhat are you doing?Where are you going?How are you?Those are no good.isThis is it.How is it?Why is it cold?How is it going?Where is your house?Why is it so cold?wasWhat was it?When was your birthday?I was just leaving.Reduced vowels are often undetected if you"re not accustomed to listening for short vowel sounds. The best way to eliminate this problem is to practice saying them. This will help remind you that they"re there. It"s also helpful if you know grammar well. This will help you to assume that they"re there even if you don"t hear them.如果你不習慣聽短母音的話，那些弱化的母音是不容易被察覺的。解決這個問題的辦法是自己練習發這些音，這樣做，你就會知道這些被弱化的母音的位置。如果你熟悉語法，你即使聽不到那些弱化的母音，也可以假設它們的存在。樓主第六招 Reduction 弱讀1. Two-syllable Words雙音節單詞The typical pattern is to reduce the second syllable.雙音節單詞中弱化的一般是第二個音節。April, enter, restful, escape, release, deny2. Multiple-syllable Words多音節單詞In multiple-syllable words, one syllable will be stressed. One or two others may or may not get some stress and at least one syllable will be reduced. We"ve already seen this with our example of photograph.多音節單詞里，有一個音節是重讀的，其它的一、兩個音節可能會有一些重音，單詞里至少有一個音節是弱讀的。我們剛聽過的photograph就是一個例子。religion, education, eradicate, entertain, competition, eliminate, instigate3. Some words have a vowel sound that"s completely eliminated.在有些單詞里會有一個母音是完全被省略的。This happens when there"s more than one reduced vowel sound following the stressed syllable. The dropped syllable tends to be the one right after the stressed syllable. It happens more commonly before an r.在重讀音節後面跟著不止一個的弱化音節時會出現這種情況。被完全省略的常常是緊跟在重讀音節後面的音節。這種情況在字母r前面最常見。chocolate, restaurant, temperature, family, natural, several, separate4. When a word ends with ary, ully or ally, the a or u vowel is often dropped.如果單詞以ary、ully或ally結尾的話，母音a或u常常會被省略。finally, accidentally, powerfully, elementary5. Vowel reductions occur in the little words短字里的母音略讀Articles such as a or the, pronouns such as he or it, auxiliary verbs such as is or can, prepositions such as to or for and conjunctions such as and or but are usually reduced sounds.冠詞如a或the、代詞如he或it、助動詞如is或can、介詞如to或for、還有連詞如and或but，常常會被弱化。
○1 Articles 冠詞○2 Prepositions 介詞○3 Pronouns 代詞
○4 Conjunction 連詞
○5 Be 系動詞
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