俄羅斯被禁止參加平昌冬奧會

Russia banned from Winter Olympics

俄羅斯被禁止參加平昌冬奧會

Murad Ahmed in London, Max Seddon in Moscow

穆拉德·艾哈邁德 倫敦 , 馬克斯·塞登 莫斯科

翻譯: 何黎

Russia has become the first country in sporting history to be banned from sending athletes to an Olympic games for doping, in a move the Kremlin has argued represents a western conspiracy to humiliate the nation.

俄羅斯成為史上首個因為使用興奮劑而被禁止派運動員參加奧運會的國家。莫斯科稱此舉是西方羞辱俄羅斯的陰謀。

On Tuesday, the International Olympic Committee, the games organisers, responded to revelations of 「systemic」 doping by the country』s sportspeople by barring the Russian Olympic Committee from attending the Winter Games in Pyeongchang, South Korea, in February next year.

周二，奧運會主辦機構國際奧委會(IOC)針對有關俄羅斯運動員「系統性」使用興奮劑的爆料，決定禁止俄羅斯奧委會參加明年2月在韓國平昌舉行的冬季奧運會。

The decision means that no athletes will be permitted to compete under the Russian flag and the country』s officials will not be allowed to attend.

這個決定意味著，沒有一個運動員將被允許在俄羅斯國旗下參賽，而該國官員也將不被允許參加本屆冬奧會。

In an attempt at compromise, the IOC said Russian athletes deemed to be 「clean」 would be able to appear — but only under a neutral banner. This means Russia』s 「uniform, flag and anthem」 will not appear at the event.

作為一種妥協，國際奧委會表示，被認為「清白的」俄羅斯運動員將能夠參賽——但只能是以中立身份。這意味著俄羅斯的「制服、國旗和國歌」將不會出現在平昌冬奧會。

Russia deputy prime minister Vitaly Mutko, a close ally of Mr Putin and the former minister for sport, has also been banned from participating in all future Olympics. Mr Mutko is helping to orchestrate the football World Cup taking place in Russia next year.

俄羅斯副總理、前體育部長維塔利·穆特科(Vitaly Mutko)還被禁止參加未來所有奧運會。身為普京親密盟友的穆特科正幫助策劃明年在俄羅斯舉行的世界盃足球賽。

The IOC』s decision came late on Tuesday night in Russia but even before the announcement Russian officials had threatened to boycott the event if its sportspeople were forced to compete as neutrals.

國際奧委會是在俄羅斯時間周二晚宣布這一決定的，但是即使在宣布之前，俄羅斯官員就威脅要抵制這一賽事——如果該國運動員被迫以中立身份參賽的話。

Thomas Bach, IOC president, said Russia』s doping programme represented 「an unprecedented attack on the Olympic Games and sport」.

國際奧委會主席托馬斯·巴赫(Thomas Bach)表示，俄羅斯的興奮劑計劃代表著「對奧林匹克運動會和體育的前所未有的攻擊」。

「This is a proportionate sanction for the manipulation and failure of the [doping] system.」

他說：「這是針對（興奮劑）制度受到操縱和該制度失敗的相稱的制裁。」

Mr Bach said: 「An Olympic boycott has never achieved anything … and I don』t see a reason for a Russian boycott because we allow the clean Russian athletes to participate [in order] to show there are clean athletes in Russia.」

國際奧委會作出這一決定之前，一項針對俄羅斯使用興奮劑情況的調查發現，該國未能清理整頓其體育系統。

The IOC made its decision after an investigation into Russian involvement in doping found the country had failed to clean up its sporting system.

國際奧委會作出這一決定之前，一項針對俄羅斯使用興奮劑情況的調查發現，該國未能清理整頓其體育系統。

In recent years, the country has faced revelations that its anti-doping officials helped athletes take performance-enhancing drugs, while government and security officials assisted in the cover-up of failed tests.

近年來，俄羅斯反興奮劑官員被曝幫助運動員服用增強體能的藥物，而政府和安全官員被指協助掩蓋不合格測試。

Russia』s ban had been considered inevitable in Olympic circles over the past few weeks.

過去幾周來，俄羅斯被禁參賽在奧運界被廣泛視為不可避免。

Last month, the World Anti-Doping Agency rejected an appeal by Rusada, Russia』s anti-doping authority, to be reinstated into the world body and deemed compliant with global testing standards. That decision meant Wada believed Russia could not be trusted to properly test its athletes.

上月，世界反興奮劑機構(WADA)拒絕了俄羅斯反興奮劑機構(RUSADA)的請求，即重新加入這個世界機構，並且被視為符合全球測試標準。那個決定意味著，世界反興奮劑機構認為不能信任俄羅斯會恰當測試本國運動員。

The IOC also corroborated the findings of a Wada investigation, led by Richard McLaren, a Canadian law professor, unravelling years in which Russian anti-doping officials helped athletes to take performance-enhancing drugs, with the strategy directed by government ministers.

國際奧委會還肯定了世界反興奮劑機構一項調查的結果，該調查由加拿大法學教授理查德·麥克拉倫(Richard McLaren)領導。調查發現，俄羅斯反興奮劑官員多年幫助運動員服用體能增強藥物，這方面的戰略由政府部長級官員統籌。

The extraordinary findings even suggested that the FSB, Russia』s secret service and successor to the Soviet-era KGB, worked to remove the caps from urine sample bottles which were previously thought to be tamper-proof, in order to swap dirty samples for clean ones.

該調查還有一個非同尋常的發現，俄羅斯情報機構、前身為克格勃的俄羅斯聯邦安全局(FSB)，竟然設法從以往被視為防篡改的尿樣瓶取下蓋子，以便把有問題的樣本換成清潔樣本。

Russia has strongly disputed the findings, questioning the legitimacy of information provided by whistleblower Grigory Rodchenkov, who ran Moscow』s anti-doping laboratory during the Sochi winter games in Russia in 2014. Mr Putin had wanted to use the Sochi games as a coming-out party for the nation, spending a reported $51bn to stage the event.

俄羅斯對調查結果表示強烈異議，質疑舉報人格里高利·羅德琴科夫(Grigory Rodchenkov)提供的信息的合法性；羅德琴科夫在2014年俄羅斯索契冬奧會期間是該國反興奮劑實驗室主任。普京曾希望把索契冬奧會當作國家的「登場派對」，據報道支出了510億美元舉辦那場賽事。

Last month, the IOC backed Mr Rodchenkov — who has gone into hiding in the US as part of a witness-protection programme — by describing him as a 「truthful witness.」

上月，國際奧委會對羅德琴科夫表示支持，稱他是「說真話的證人」。作為證人保護計劃的一部分，他在美國隱居。

Before the 2016 summer Olympics in Rio de Janeiro, the IOC declined to impose a blanket ban on Russian athletes, leaving it to individual sports federations to decide whether the country』s competitors were clean. This meant 271 of Russia』s original 386-strong team were able to compete.

2016年里約熱內盧夏季奧運會之前，國際奧委會拒絕對俄羅斯運動員實行全面禁令，而是讓各個體育聯合會自行決定該國選手是否清白。最終，俄羅斯原有的386人代表隊中，有271人能夠參賽。

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