不孕不育中英文詳解

Infertility Treatments That Work

It"s untrue that simply waiting it out will put an end to infertility. Like other medical conditions, there are treatments available for those experiencing infertility. At least half of couples undergoing infertility treatments will conceive, and technologies such as in vitro fertilization have brought about many pregnancies. Over 3 million babies have been born worldwide due to this technique.

治療有效

不孕的夫婦隨緣等待自然受孕是不現實的。和其他疾病一樣，有很多方法可以治療不孕不育，接受治療後至少有一半的夫婦會受孕，例如體外受精為很多不孕症患者帶來了福音，全世界有300多萬體外受精的嬰兒出生。

Symptoms of Infertility

The main symptom of infertility is failure to conceive after a year of unprotected sex. This is the point at which most doctors recommend seeking fertility care. For women over age 35 who did not conceive after 6 months of trying or who have irregular menstrual cycles, seeing a fertility doctor as soon as possible is recommended. Male infertility is just as common as female infertility, so it"s important that both partners be evaluated.

不孕症的癥狀

不育症的主要癥狀是經歷1年無保護的性行為後沒有懷孕。對於35歲以上，6個月正常性生活後沒有懷孕，或月經周期不規律的女性，建議儘快尋求專業醫生的幫助。男性不育和女性不孕一樣常見，因此對夫妻雙方同時進行醫學評估很重要。

Male Infertility

Male factors are responsible in about 40% of infertile couples. Male factors can include low sperm count, abnormal sperm appearance, blocked sperm ducts, or poor motility of the sperm.

男性不育

男方因素導致不孕不育約佔40％，男性因素可能包括精子數量少、精子異常、輸精管堵塞或精子活力差。

Female Infertility

An additional 40% of infertile couples have problems traced to the female partner. These can include irregular or absent ovulation, blockages in the Fallopian tubes, or abnormalities in the reproductive organs.

In the remaining 20% of infertile couples, no specific cause can be found.

女性不孕

另外40％的不孕不育的原因是女方因素導致的。女性不孕因素包括不規律或不排卵、輸卵管堵塞，或生殖器官的異常。

剩下的20％不孕不育原因不明。

Tracking Ovulation

Bad timing can contribute to a failure to conceive. Over-the-counter ovulation tests can help you figure out the time of ovulation (egg release) and determine the best time for sex. The tests measure levels of a hormone that increases 12 to 36 hours before ovulation. If the test results are unclear or consistently negative, consult your doctor. About one-third of all cases of infertility are related to irregular ovulation.

追蹤排卵

受孕的時機不對會導致不孕。排卵測試有助於確定排卵時間、計劃最佳受孕時機，排卵測試可檢測到排卵前12-36小時的激素水平上升，如果測試結果不明確或持續陰性，請諮詢醫生。 約1/3的不孕不育病例與不規律排卵有關。

Fertility Drugs

Medications are available to help women who do not ovulate regularly. Clomiphene citrate (Clomid or Serophene) is the most common of these medications. It is relatively effective and inexpensive, and about half of women who take it will conceive, usually within three cycles. Clomiphene may cause the release of more than one egg at a time, so there is an increased risk of a multiple pregnancy (a pregnancy of two or more fetuses).

促排卵藥物

藥物有助於女性規律排卵，克羅米芬（Clomid或Serophene）是最常見的促排卵藥物，相對有效且價格便宜，3個療程之內，大約一半的女性會懷孕，克羅米芬可以促使卵巢一次釋放多個卵子，所以會增加多胎妊娠（兩胎或更多胎妊娠）的風險。

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Injectable Hormones

After trying clomiphene for 6 months, women who have not conceived may be prescribed injections of hormones to stimulate ovulation. A number of different hormonal preparations are available. As with clomiphene, the chances of a multiple pregnancy are increased with hormone injections.

激素注射

服用克羅米芬6個月後仍沒有懷孕的女性可以注射激素刺激排卵，有許多不同的激素製劑可以使用。與克羅米芬一樣，激素注射也會增加多胎妊娠的風險。

Surgery for Blocked Fallopian Tubes

Blockage or scarring of the Fallopian tubes prevents pregnancy in some women. This may be due to endometriosis (overgrowth of uterine lining tissue outside the uterus), previous surgeries, or damage as a result of previous pelvic infections. Laparoscopic surgery can remove scar tissue in some women, increasing their chances for pregnancy.

輸卵管疏通術

輸卵管堵塞或瘢痕形成會導致一些女性不孕。這可能是子宮內膜異位症、以前的手術、或盆腔感染造成的，腹腔鏡手術可以去除這些瘢痕組織，增加受孕的機會。

Intrauterine Insemination (IUI)

Intrauterine insemination (IUI) is used to treat different kinds of infertility. In this technique, sperm is placed directly into the uterus at the time of ovulation, reducing the distance the sperm must travel to reach the egg. IUI is often used together with drugs to stimulate ovulation. Pregnancy rates are lower than with IVF, but this procedure is less expensive and less invasive, so it may be attempted first.

宮腔內人工授精（IUI）

宮腔內人工授精（IUI）可用於治療不同類型的不孕不育。女性排卵時，將精子直接注入子宮，減少精子必須前進到達卵子的距離。IUI通常與促排卵藥物一起使用。成功率低於體外受精IVF，但這種方法便宜，侵入性小，因此可以最先嘗試。

IUI With Donor Sperm

IUI can also be performed using sperm from a donor if the male partner has a low number of healthy sperm. Counseling is typically recommended prior to this choice since the child will be biologically unrelated to the father. IUI with donor sperm is very successful in fertile women, with a cumulative pregnancy rate of over 80%.

供體精子的宮腔內人工授精IUI

如果男方的健康精子數量少，也可用供體的精子進行IUI，做這個選擇前要考慮清楚，因為孩子在生物學上和父親是無關。供體精子的IUI對於有生育能力的女性來說成功率可高達80％以上。

In Vitro Fertilization (IVF)

IVF combines the egg and sperm in a laboratory, and can be an option when other treatments have failed. Embryos created in the lab are placed inside the uterus. IVF involves hormone injections and a surgical procedure to retrieve eggs from the female partner, and it can be costly. However, success rates are improving. Pregnancy rates per cycle range from 10% in women aged 43 to 44 to 46% in women under 35. Several cycles of treatment may be necessary.

體外受精/試管嬰兒（IVF）

當其它治療方法都失敗後可考慮體外受精，體外受精是在實驗室中將卵子和精子結合，再將實驗室中孕育的胚胎植入到女方的子宮內。IVF需要激素注射以及從女方卵巢內提取卵子，成本較高，體外受精一次的成功率43-44歲的女性為10％，35歲以下的女性為46％，所以需要數個療程來提高成功率。

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IVF With ICSI

When problems have been identified with a man"s sperm, a procedure called intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI) may be recommended along with IVF. This is a laboratory-assisted fertilization that involves inserting a single sperm directly into an egg. The embryos that form are transferred to the uterus in the same way as IVF embryos. Most IVF cycles now also use ICSI

當確定男方的精子存在問題，也可選擇單精子胞漿內注射(ICSI)的技術，這也是實驗室輔助受精，將單個精子直接注入到卵子內，再將形成的胚胎植入子宮，大多數體外受精在使用ICSI技術。

IVF With Donor Eggs

Women who have poor egg quality, are older, or who have not had success with previous IVF cycles, may choose to consider IVF with donor eggs and her partner"s sperm. The resulting baby is biologically related to the father and not the mother, although the mother carries the pregnancy. IVF using fresh embryos from donor eggs has a high success rate, resulting in live births 55% of the time.

卵子供體的體外受精

如果女方卵子質量差、年齡較大或常規的體外受精未成功的女性，可以考慮選擇供體的卵子和丈夫的精子進行體外受精，儘管是媽媽懷孕，但出生的寶寶和媽媽在生物學上並無關係。利用供體卵子孕育的新鮮胚胎具有較高成功率，通常生出寶寶的機率為55％。

IVF and Multiples

When embryos are transferred to the uterus in IVF, it is typical to transfer 2-4 embryos at once, increasing the likelihood of pregnancy but also increasing the likelihood of a multiple pregnancy. It"s important to discuss this possibility with your fertility specialist, since a multiple pregnancy is associated with increased risks, such as premature birth, high blood pressure, anemia, miscarriage, and other complications.

體外受精和多胎妊娠

胚胎植入子宮過程中，通常會一次性植入2-4個胚胎，可增加懷孕的可能性，但同時也增加多胎妊娠的可能性，多胎妊娠會增加早產、高血壓、貧血、流產和其他併發症的風險。

IVF with Blastocyst Transfer

Blastocyst transfer is a relatively new IVF technology. Traditionally, IVF embryos were transferred to the uterus when they were at a stage of having 2 to 8 cells. In this procedure, the embryos grow for 5 days until they reach a later stage of development known as the blastocyst stage. Then, one or two blastocysts are transferred to the uterus. This eliminates the possibility of triplets and retains the high success rate of IVF.

囊胚植入術

囊胚植入術是一種相對較新的體外受精技術。傳統上，當體外受精的胚胎髮育至2-8個細胞的階段時，將其植入子宮內。在囊胚期胚胎植入術中，胚胎在體外生長5天發育至囊胚期後，再將一個或兩個囊胚植入子宮。這消除了三胞胎的可能性，並保證了體外受精的的較高成功率。

Donor Embryos

Donor embryos are embryos donated by couples who have completed the IVF process. Transferring donor embryos is less costly than standard IVF or IVF with donor eggs. This procedure allows the experience of pregnancy. The baby will be biologically unrelated to either parent.

胚胎供體

胚胎供體是由已經完成體外受精的夫婦捐贈的胚胎。植入供體胚胎的成本比常規體外受精或供體卵子IVF都低。嬰兒與父母在生物學上均無關係。

Surrogate Pregnancy

Surrogacy can be an option for women who have trouble carrying a pregnancy to term. Traditional surrogacy involves insemination of the surrogate with the male partner"s sperm. Gestational surrogacy is another option that involves using IVF to create embryos from both partners and transferring these embryos to the uterus of the surrogate. This option allows the baby to be biologically related to both the male and female partners.

代孕

懷孕足月有困難的女性可選擇代孕。傳統的代孕包括用男方精子授精代孕；妊娠代孕是另一個方法，用父母的精子和卵子在體外受精，再將胚胎植入到代孕者的子宮內，嬰兒和父母存在生物學關係。

Choosing Your Fertility Clinic

The Centers for Disease Control (CDC) keeps records comparing IVF success rates for clinics around the nation, but these should not be your only factor in choosing a fertility treatment clinic. Ask questions about procedures and costs when choosing a clinic, and be sure you feel comfortable with your choice.

生育機構的選擇

美國疾病預防控制中心（CDC）保存了全國範圍內醫療機構體外受精成功率的記錄，但這不是您選擇生育機構的唯一因素，在選擇生育機構時詢問具體的體外受精技術以及相關的費用，確定您對自己的選擇感到滿意。

Boost Fertility With Natural Methods

A few lifestyle changes can increase your chance of a healthy pregnancy, no matter where you are in the treatment process. Both partners, if smokers, should quit. Smoking reduces fertility and is known to reduce pregnancy rates. A study of sperm counts showed dramatic increases in men who stopped smoking. Eat a nutritious diet, and ask your doctor if dietary supplements might be recommended for you.

提高生育能力的自然方法

一些生活方式的改變可以增加懷孕的機會。無論是否處於治療過程中，夫妻雙方，如果有吸煙者，應該戒煙，吸煙會降低生育能力、減少懷孕機會。研究顯示，男性戒煙後精子數量顯著增加，另外要健康飲食，補充營養。

Using Acupuncture for Infertility?

Some couples are trying acupuncture to boost fertility. There is research to indicate acupuncture might improve uterine blood circulation, help regulate ovulation, increase sperm count, and improve rates of success with IVF.

針灸治療不孕不育？

有些夫婦嘗試用針灸提高生育能力。研究顯示針灸可能會改善子宮的血液循環、有助於規律地排卵、增加精子數量、提高體外受精的成功率。

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