雅思IELTS寫作小作文TASK ONE這些道理你知道不
自己教雅思已經11年了,每次教到寫作,感覺有些問題被一屆又一屆的考生不停的問到,很多人對雅思很陌生,尤其是寫作,今天正好有時間,不知道烤鴨們對於這些東西,你們又是知道多少,真正掌握了多少
要求: 至少150字,佔據1/3總分,用時20-23分鐘
*第一次考,先大作文建議
類別:
1. 數據類
A.線圖---趨勢,幅度,變化,動態圖,波動比較
B. 餅圖---百分比,佔據,佔據的變化,是否有倍數關係
C. 柱圖---比較,變化幅度的闡述
D. 表格--- 分析統計,匯總,最高/大,最低/少,倍數,相似值
E. 混合 ---A-D中的兩圖混合體
數據圖表側重的是分析,匯總,比較,而不是描述,把考生所看到的每一步波動,每一個數字都去提及。
2. 非數據類
A.流程圖 --- 被動 主動 語態區分,看懂流程步驟,順序詞
B. 地圖 --- 被動語態, 方位詞,大小描述,形狀描述,變化描述(擴建,改造,增加,消失,減少,移動,替代)
C. 圖示描述 --- 根據一個東西的結構,來進行對應的描述
注意事項:
1.時態:都是根據圖中或者標題中的年份跨越來決定
A, 70%小作文都是一般過去式(年份小於2015)
*沒有現在完成時,數據引用不會用到被動句式的
B, 20%小作文沒有年份,用的都是一般現在時(月,星期,幾點)
*第三人稱的單複數
C, 10%小作文可能會有大於2015年的時間表示(2020,2030)
*不用一般將來時,用的是預測句式
圖表一般包含過去到將來的句式結構
e.g it is estimated that thenumber of cars will increase to around one million units in 2030
estimated=expected =predicted = speculated =forecast
e.g thepredication of … …
綜合時態: thenumber of cars showedan upward trend between 2010 and 2014, reaching almost 500,000 units, and the figure is estimated to rise further in thefollowing 20 years, with around 1 million units in 2040.
2 數據: 數據類小作文有許多數據,但考生必須知道以下幾點
A. 除餅圖以外,其他圖型,並不是所有數據都要提及的
****避免mechanical description機械性描述
B.數據必須有清晰的單位,單位基本上都是在右下角或左上角
C.線圖和柱圖中,我們需要用到variation表達方式
Basic meaning
Variation
Variation
Variation
Variation
about
approximately
around
more or less
more than
over
just over
less than
under
just under
almost
Nearly
exactly
precisely
D. 數據引用的過程中,所對應的時間點,或者時間跨度必須是清晰的
(數據引用過程中忽略了時間點,導致數據所對應的時間模糊不清)
e.g The cost of furniture increased sharply,reaching nearly 10 million dollars.
修正為: In 1997, the cost of furniture, on theother hand, showed an upward trend, reaching nearly 10 million dollars.
E. 數據的引用方式有以下幾種
E.1 … …, whichwas 5 dollars in 1990
E.2 … …, at10%
E.3 … ….,having around $40 dollars in 1998
E.4 … … , withapproximately 35 million tonnes in 2001
E.5 The numberof cars increased sharply (105,000 units)
括弧
E.6 The number of cars decreased hugely —— 45,000 units in 2006.破折號
3. 關於開頭
3.1 開頭的時態:永遠都是一般現在時,哪怕數據是過去的;除非,數據牽扯到將來的,可能會變為
e.g. The pie charts showthe change of customer preference in a local shop between 1980 and 2015,and the predictionpreference for the following 25 years until 2040.
3.2 開頭的單複數形式
單一圖表: the line graph shows
多圖表單一類型: the line graphs show
多圖表不同類型: the line graph shows … … , WHILE the table demonstrates…. ….
3.3 開頭必須學會充分改寫[paraphrase]
Show =demonstrate = elaborate =reveal =illustrate
Data =figure
***同義詞,詞性,同義片語儘可能多的進行轉換
3.4建議可以嘗試被動句式
The tableelaborates the school spending from a local UK education institution between1980 and 2010.
>>> Theinformation about a local UK school spending between 1980 and 2010 is elaborated in the table.
4. 關於總結特點描述
數據類需要一句話去總結這個圖表中的最明顯,最突出,或者最與眾不同的特點,這句話,往往被許多考生給忽略。這句話是需要的,並且在絕大部分的情況下,是位於總結段,或者開頭第二句
To sum up, the consumptionof different meats witnessed a dramatic increase during 1960 to 2000 except thefish dropped slightly during this period.
開頭第二句: in general, .. .. ..
5. 關於中間段
5.1 分段原則:
l 趨勢原則【上升,下降,持平震蕩】
l 圖表原則【多圖表,以一個圖為一個段】
l 按類別分【類別小於等於5. 類別數值相似度高的合併段落,數值異常獨立性強的單獨段落】
l 歸納原則 【表格,例如男的大於女的,女的大於男的,男女均等一段】
5.2 段落結構 (範文:劍橋7 164頁)
段,所包含的四個要素
i. 總體趨勢
ii. 細節描述
iii. 數據補充
iv. 分析比較
In 1979, beef was by far the most popularof these foods, with about 225gramsconsumed per person per week. Lamb and chicken were eaten in similar quantities (around 150grams), while much less fish was consumed (just over 50 grams).
However,during this25-year periodthe consumption of beef and lamb fell dramaticallyto approximately 100 grams and 55 grams respectively. The consumption of fish also declined, but much less significantly to justbelow 50 grams, so although it remained the least popular food, consumption levels were the most stable.
Theconsumption of chicken, on the other hand,showed an upwardtrend, overtaking that of lamb in 1980 andthat of beef in 1989. By 2004 it had soared to almost 250 grams per personper week.
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