《新聞周刊》:死後重生——不安全的捐獻器官
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Life After Death
《新聞周刊》:死後重生——不安全的捐獻器官
By Jessica Wapner
翻譯:鳳梨是只胖柯基
校閱:PC
圖源:網路,版權歸原作者所有
A HARVARD DOCTOR UNCOVERS A DISTURBING BENEFIT FROM OVERDOSE FATALITIES
一位哈佛大學的醫生髮現了類鴉片藥物過量致死的器官捐獻者帶來的不安
The opioid epidemic ravaging the U.S. is killing tens of thousands a year, with over 63,600 overdose deaths in 2016. Although opioid prescriptions have started falling, the crisis is not abating. When pills aren』t available, many users turn to heroin or its more dangerous cousin, fentanyl. But a strange phoenix has risen from these ashes: life-saving organs available for transplantation. After Mandeep Mehra and a colleague at Harvard Medical School noticed an increase in the number of donors, they tracked the source to opioid-related deaths. Newsweek spoke with Mehra, a professor of medicine, about the discovery of this disconcerting correlation.
肆虐美國的類鴉片藥物每年造成數萬人死亡,2016年超過63,600人死於過量用藥。雖然類鴉片藥物的處方開始減少,但危機並沒有減輕。當沒法獲得類鴉片藥物時,許多使用者會求助於海洛因或更危險的芬太尼。但是從這些生命的灰燼中,重生了奇特的鳳凰:類鴉片藥物過量致死的人,器官可以移植,拯救生命。在Mandeep Mehra和他在哈佛醫學院的同事注意到捐助者的數量增加後,他們追蹤了類鴉片藥物致死的來源。《新聞周刊》採訪了醫學教授Mehra,談論了這種令人不安的相關性。
How did you uncover the connection?
你們是如何發現這種聯繫的?
For many years, the number of donors was stagnant. When we noticed an increase in recent years, we wondered if Americans had started donating more or if some other factor was at play. We reviewed 17 years of data, from 2000 to 2016, on organ donors and saw an elevenfold increase in donors who had died from drug abuse.
多年來,捐助者的數量一直停滯不前。當我們注意到近年來器官捐獻有所增加時,我們想知道美國的器官捐獻數量為何增加,是否還有其他因素在起作用。我們回顧了從2000年到2016年的17年關於器官捐贈者的數據,發現捐獻者死於藥物濫用的數量增加了11倍。
We also looked at the same span of data from Eurotransplant, a collective of eight transplant centers in Europe, and were shocked to see this particular donor source was absolutely float over time.
我們還研究了歐洲移植的數據跨度,歐洲移植是歐洲八個移植中心的集合,我們很震驚地看到這個特定的供體來源隨著時間的推移是完全浮動的。
Are organs from people who』ve died from drug abuse safe?
死於藥物濫用的人的器官安全嗎?
We examined the outcomes of people who received organs from people addicted to drugs—specifically heart and lung recipients. Those organs are the most vulnerable to low oxygen, which is ultimately what kills most people who die from overdoses. The outcomes, at least through the first year following the transplant, are the same as those seen with other donor sources.
我們檢查了那些接受藥物成癮者器官移植的人的結果——尤其是心臟和肺的接受者。這些器官是最易受低氧影響的,而低氧最終會殺死大部分因藥物過量而死亡的人。但是至少在移植後的第一年,結果與其他供體的結果相同。
How do you reconcile the benefit of more organs with such a disturbing source?
你是如何調和更多器官的需求與如此令人不安的來源?
The drug epidemic is a societal ill that we have to deal with. The one silver lining to this very, very cloudy situation is that many lives are saved by one life lost—the heart, two lungs, two kidneys and the liver can all be donated.
毒品流行是我們必須應對的一種社會弊病。在這種非常非常陰霾的情況下,唯一的一線希望是,許多生命因為一次生命的喪失而得以挽救——心臟、兩個肺、兩個腎和肝臟都可以捐獻。
Every time an organ transplant recovery is performed, the team observes a moment of silence and offers gratitude and thanks for this gift of life. But as a community of transplant professionals, we should not consider this a sustainable donor source.
每次器官移植手術完成後,研究小組都會默哀一分鐘,並對這一生命的禮物表示感謝。但是作為一個移植專家社區,我們不認為(類鴉片藥物過量致死的器官捐贈者)是一個可持續的捐贈來源。
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