劍橋雅思7-9長難句匯總

　　劍橋雅思7-9長難句匯總先是給大家分享了長難句的常見類型，然後分享了雅思閱讀套題練習7-9中常見的複雜句子的結構分析和講解，希望對大家雅思備考有幫助。

　　一、雅思閱讀長難句的類型

　　雅思閱讀中結構複雜的句子大概可以分為五大類：名詞性從句、定語從句、狀語從句、並列複合句以及一些其他特殊句型。

1、名詞性從句：可以在複合句中擔當主語、賓語、表語、同位語和介詞賓語等成分，所以可以細分為主語從句、賓語從句、表語從句和同位語從句。常見的名詞性從句的連詞有三類：1、在句中不做成分的連詞——that、whether、if、as if和as though;2. 鏈接代詞——what/whatever、which/whichever、who/whoever、whom/whomever和whose/whosever;3、 連接副詞——when/whenever、where/wherever、how/however、why。給大家舉個例子吧：

It will never be known how and when this numeration ability developed, but it is certain that numeration was well developed by the time (that) humans had formed even permanent settlements. (劍 6 Test 2 passage 3)

　　句子結構分析：主語是it，指代後面的由兩個特殊疑問詞how and when引導的主語從句，謂語是will never be known，but錶轉折，第二個it作形式主語，指代後面的that主語從句，系動詞是is，表語是certain。humans had formed…在這個句子是省略了that的定語從句，修飾the time。

2、定語從句：定語從句是雅思閱讀中非常常見的一類句型，分為限制性定語從句和非限制性定語從句。一般絕大多數定語從句都是限制性定語從句。定語從句的關係詞有:who、whom、that、whose、which、when、where、why等。大家可以看個例子：

Given that there is a living to be made at night, and given that alternative daytime trades are thoroughly occupied, natural selection has favoured bats that make a go of the night-hunting trade.

(劍7 Test 4 Passage 1)

　　句子結構分析：Given that考慮到，作狀語，第一個that引導there be賓語從句，第二個that引導主系表結構的從句，主句是natural selection has favoured bats…，第三個that引導定語從句修飾bats。

3、狀語從句：常見的狀語從句有時間狀語從句、地點狀語從句、原因狀語從句、目的狀語從句、結果狀語從句、條件狀語從句、讓步狀語從句、方式狀語從句和比較狀語從句。常用的連接詞有when、where、because、since、if、whether、although、even if等。

　　例如：The simultaneous production of masses of bamboo seeds in some cases lying 12 to 15 centimeters deep on the ground)is more than all the seed-eating animals(that) can cope with at the time, so that some seeds escape being eaten and grow up to form the next generation (Evans 1976). (劍 5 Test 4 Passage 3)

　　句子結構分析：這句話的主語The simultaneous production of masses of bamboo seeds比較長，含有兩個of短語，系動詞是is，表語是一個比較結構，在animals can之間是一個少了that的定語從句，so that 引導結果狀語從句。

4、 並列複合句：並列複合句大概可以分為並列關係、轉折關係、選擇關係、因果關係這四類。常見的連接詞有and、but、however、so、or、for、nevertheless、not only…but also…、neither…nor…、both…and...等。比如：

Cheap labour may make Chinese clothing competitive in America, but if delays in shipment tie up working capital and cause winter coats to arrive in spring, trade may lose its advantages. (劍 6 Test 1 Passage 2)

　　句子結構分析：這句話是由but連接的兩個並列句，錶轉折關係，可以拆分為：

a. Cheap labour may make Chinese clothing competitive in America.

　　主語是Cheap labour，謂語是may make，賓語是Chinese clothing，賓補是competitive，狀語是in America。

b. But if delays in shipment tie up working capital and cause winter coats to arrive in spring, trade may lose its advantages.

But並列連接詞，錶轉折。這句話的主語trade，謂語是may lose，賓語是its advantages， if引導條件狀語從句，從句主語是delays(in shipment)，謂語是由and連接的連個並列成分tie up and cause，賓語分別是working capital、winter coats。

5、 一些其他特殊句型：特殊句式常見的有省略、強調、插入、倒裝等。這些句型考察的語法點大有不同。比如說：插入語

Experiments showed that, in fact, facial vision is nothing to do with touch or the front of the face, although the sensation may be referred to the front of the face, like the referred pain in a phantom limb.

(劍7 Test 4 Passage 1)

　　句子結構分析：主句是Experiments showed that…，that引導賓語從句，in fact做插入語，although引導讓步狀語從句。

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