發布丨推進實施《中國製造2025》情況（中英文版）

推進實施《中國製造2025》情況

工業和信息化部

（2017年3月11日）

實施《中國製造2025》，是黨中央、國務院立足我國製造業未來發展而做出的一項重大戰略部署，是我國實施製造強國戰略的第一個十年行動綱領。《中國製造2025》發布實施以來，在國家製造強國建設領導小組協調推動下，有關方面著力完善頂層設計和工作機制，強化部門協同和上下聯動，發揮企業主體作用和重大工程帶動作用，各項工作取得了階段性進展，為穩定工業增長、加快製造業轉型升級發揮了重要作用。

一、主要工作情況

（一）狠抓規劃落實，「五大工程」實施效果初顯。我部會同發展改革委、科技部、教育部等有關部門發布實施11個配套規劃，出台了一批支持政策措施，組織實施了國家製造業創新中心建設、智能製造、工業強基、綠色製造、高端裝備創新等五項重大工程。目前，首家創新中心——國家動力電池創新中心已掛牌成立，國家增材製造創新中心開始籌建，培育建設19家省級製造業創新中心。開展了226個智能製造綜合標準化試驗驗證和新模式應用項目，遴選了109個智能製造試點示範項目，建設了首批19家產業技術基礎公共服務平台，推進「一攬子」重點突破行動和「一條龍」應用計劃，一批核心基礎零部件、關鍵基礎材料和先進基礎工藝取得突破。啟動綠色製造體系建設，組織99家企業開展綠色設計試點示範，創建51家國家低碳工業園區，實施57項高風險污染物削減項目，規模以上企業單位工業增加值能耗下降約5%。高端裝備創新成果不斷湧現，高鐵關鍵技術和配套技術、電動汽車硬殼電芯關鍵材料實現重要突破。

（二）聚焦重點目標，重大標誌性項目取得階段性成效。15個年度重大標誌性項目中，7個完全落實，4個基本落實，其餘正在推進。部分項目取得了突破性進展，如成功研發我國首款柔性複合工業機器人，並已形成小批量供貨能力，實現了批量生產RV減速器並獲得國外訂貨，實現了規模化生產諧波減速器。

（三）開展試點示範，落地生根效應凸顯。積極推進《中國製造2025》試點示範城市（群）創建工作，已批複寧波、泉州、瀋陽、長春、武漢、吳忠、青島、成都等8個試點示範城市和江蘇蘇南五市、廣東珠江西岸、湖南長株潭3個試點示範城市群。目前，各試點示範城市（群）按照實施方案的要求，圍繞構建產業升級、科技創新、政策保障、人才培養等體系進行綜合試點，積極探索新常態下製造業轉型升級的新模式和新路徑，力爭儘快形成可複製、可推廣的經驗。

（四）制定分地區指南，各地差異化發展格局加快形成。按照「基於比較優勢、促進錯位發展、深化部省合作」原則，工業和信息化部與各地強化工作對接，制定了《中國製造2025分省市指南（2016年）》，引導解決長期以來存在的重複建設、同質競爭等問題。各地積極對接《中國製造2025》，根據自身資源優勢、產業基礎、區位條件和市場環境，選擇發展重點和方向，制定相關政策措施，加快促進產業轉型升級。截至2016年末，已有29個省（區、市）出台了實施方案或指導性文件，推動形成因地制宜、特色突出、區域聯動、錯位競爭的製造業發展新格局。

（五）強化政策引導，製造業與互聯網融合效應明顯。國務院印發了《關於積極推進「互聯網+」指導意見》和《關於深化製造業與互聯網融合發展的指導意見》，通過政策引導和各方努力，互聯網已廣泛融入研發設計各環節，關鍵產品和裝備智能化步伐加快，2016年企業數字化研發工具普及率達到61.8%，關鍵工序數控化率達到33.3%。推動大企業「雙創」平台發展取得良好成效，47%的大企業搭建並運營了協同創新平台，中央企業已建成各類互聯網「雙創」平台110個。兩化融合管理體系貫標紮實推進，全國4000餘家企業開展貫標、7.2萬餘家企業開展自評估自診斷和自對標，貫標企業運營成本平均下降8.8%、經營利潤平均增加6.9%。積極推進工業互聯網發展，部署以頂層架構和關鍵標準為重點前瞻性研究，加強產學研用協同，通過試點示範加快應用推廣。

（六）實施專項行動，質量品牌建設取得初步成效。實施消費品工業增品種、提品質、創品牌「三品」專項行動以來，國務院辦公廳發布了《開展消費品工業「三品」專項行動營造良好市場環境的若干意見》、《消費品標準和質量提升規劃（2016—2020年）》，工業和信息化部、質檢總局和國防科工局聯合發布了《促進裝備製造業質量品牌提升專項行動指南》、《裝備製造業標準化和質量提升規劃》。2016年，新核定23家工業產品質量控制和技術評價實驗室，完成669項強制性標準和計劃的整合精簡工作，發布208項消費品行業標準，支持11項由我國提出提案的國際標準項目，為消費品「提品質」奠定重要基礎。在全行業累計樹立251家品牌培育示範企業，首批參與產業集群區域品牌建設試點的22家產業集群市場佔有率平均提高2.3%，出口增速平均超過10%，新產品產值率從27%提高到34.1%。

二、面臨的主要困難和問題

（一）國際環境複雜嚴峻。世界經濟正處在動能轉換的換檔期，傳統增長引擎對經濟的拉動作用減弱，人工智慧、3D列印等新技術雖然不斷湧現，但新的經濟增長點尚未形成，增長低迷態勢仍在延續。「逆全球化」思潮和保護主義傾向抬頭，不確定因素明顯增加。

（二）創新發展路徑有待探索。製造業轉型升級、新舊動能接續轉換沒有現成經驗可以照搬，需擺脫對傳統發展模式的路徑依賴。創新模式、理念和發展路徑，統籌處理培育新產業和改造舊產業、穩增長和調結構、政府引導和市場作用關係等重大問題仍然任重道遠。

（三）科學有效發揮市場作用有待加強。面對經濟下行壓力較大形勢，部分地區、部分行業為促投資、穩增長，還有「一哄而上」的衝動。同時，製造業投資尤其是民間投資下滑趨勢、部分製造企業生產經營壓力過大等問題應引起足夠重視，必須及時出台政策措施加以引導。

三、下一步工作打算

　　（一）加大「五大工程」等實施力度。制訂發布製造業企業「雙創」平台培育計劃，以提升工業雲、工業大數據、工業互聯網等創業創新技術支撐能力為重點，開展製造業企業「雙創」專項行動。加快推進機器人、電子信息、新材料等領域創新中心建設，指導和推動省級創新中心建設。加快培育離散型智能製造、流程型智能製造、網路協同製造、大規模個性化定製和遠程運維服務等新模式，突破增材製造、智能感測與控制等關鍵技術裝備。繼續組織實施「一攬子」重點突破行動和「一條龍」應用計劃，完善產業技術基礎體系，加強產業技術基礎公共服務平台建設，促進整機（系統）和基礎技術互動發展。推進綠色製造體系建設，繼續組織開展綠色製造系統集成，加快推動傳統製造業綠色化改造示範，實施生產過程清潔化、水資源利用高效化和基礎製造工藝綠色化改造。圍繞重點領域研發一批關鍵系統和核心部件，推動一批國外對我限制出口、國內亟需的關鍵裝備取得突破，如航空發動機及燃氣輪機、高檔數控機床。

　　（二）擴大試點示範城市（群）覆蓋面。選擇20—30個基礎條件好、示範帶動作用強的城市（群），繼續開展「中國製造2025」試點示範創建工作。指導試點示範城市（群）在落實五大新發展理念、任務實施路徑和配套政策舉措方面先行先試。一方面加大工作協調和督促力度，建立考核評估體系，形成中央、省、試點市聚焦重點領域，協同支持的發展格局；另一方面發揮上下聯動機製作用，加強引導和規範，實現各地製造業差異化發展。

　　（三）加快重大標誌性項目建設。繼續加大統籌協調力度，對於尚在實施過程中的2016年度重大標誌性項目，要進一步明確分工和進度要求，確保項目實施工作落到實處。同時，圍繞《中國製造2025》重點領域的短板和瓶頸，繼續遴選一批基礎條件好、關聯程度大、長期制約產業發展、未來2—3年內有望取得突破的項目，作為2017年度重大標誌性項目，集中力量重點攻關。

　　（四）實施新一輪重大技術改造升級工程。深入實施製造業升級改造重大工程包，重點支持企業智能化改造、基礎能力提升、綠色製造推廣、高端裝備發展等重大工程。繼續做好《工業企業技術改造升級投資指南》宣傳推廣工作，加強對企業、地方和金融機構的引導。完善企業技術改造重大項目庫，編製年度導向計劃，加強信息共享與產融對接，發展符合技術改造特點的金融產品和服務。

　　（五）優化製造業發展環境。深化簡政放權、放管結合、優化服務改革，加快政府職能轉變，強化行業准入規範管理，構建權責明確、透明高效的事中事後監管體系。實施更加精準的產業政策，推動產業政策向普惠性、功能性轉變，加強產業政策與財稅、金融、貿易等政策的聯動配合。加大中小企業支持力度，推動落實已出台的稅收優惠等政策措施，支持小微企業融資模式創新，有效降低企業成本。

　　（六）務實推進國際交流合作。踐行開放發展理念，利用雙邊及多邊合作機制，加強「中國製造2025」與相關國家工業發展戰略對接，共同應對新一輪科技革命和產業變革帶來的挑戰，擴大國際智能製造合作，深化與「一帶一路」沿線國家產業投資合作，推動落實國際產能合作重大項目，實現合作共贏。

英文版

The Implementation of 「China Manufacturing2025」

Ministry of Industry and Information Technology

(March 11, 2017)

To implement「China Manufacturing 2025」, the first ten-year action guideline for building China into a strong manufacturing nation, is an important strategic move madeby the CPC Central Committee and the State Council for the future developmentof our manufacturing sector Since its promulgation, under the coordination ofthe State Leading Group for Building China into a Strong Manufacturing Nation,relevant agencies have improved top-level designing and working mechanisms,strengthened synergy coordination and interaction among different bodies and atdifferent levels, and gave play to the role of enterprises as principal partand the role of key projects as enabler. Progress was made in various aspectsof our work which played an important role in stabilizing industrial growth andspeeding up manufacturing transformation and upgrading.

I. Progress of Main Activities

1. Plans were vigorously implemented and 「Five Major Programs」 yielded initial results.The Ministry of Industry and Information Technology (MIIT), in collaborationwith relevant agencies including National Development and Reform Commission,Ministry of Science and Technology and Ministry of Education, published andimplemented eleven supporting plans and a full range of supporting policies andmeasures . Five major programs were carried out, including the construction ofnational manufacturing innovation centers, smart manufacturing, consolidationof industrial foundation, green manufacturing, and high-end equipmentinnovation. As of now, the first innovation center -- National Power BatteryInnovation Center, was established, whereas preparation for establishing theNational Additive Manufacturing Innovation Center was underway, and 19provincial manufacturing innovation centers were built. 226 projects forcomprehensive and standardized trial as well as new model application of smartmanufacturing were implemented, 109 smart manufacturing pilot programs wereselected and the first batch of 19 public service platforms for industrialtechnologies was established. Breakthroughs were achieved for a full range ofcore spare parts, key basic materials and advanced basic technique, as a resultof the implementation of a series of major breakthrough actions and one packageapplication plan. The building of a green manufacturing system was initiated.99 enterprises were organized to conduct pilot work on green design. 51national low-carbon industrial parks were built. 57 high-risk pollutantreduction programs were undertaken. The energy consumption per unit of theadded value for industrial enterprises above the state designated scaledecreased by about 5%. High-end equipment innovations began to bear fruits,with significant breakthroughs made in areas such as key and auxiliarytechnologies of high-speed railway, and key materials for hard-shell cell ofelectric vehicle.

2. Initial progress was made in key milestone projects focusing onmajor objectives. Among the 15 key milestone projects of the year, 7 were fullyimplemented, 4 were basically implemented, and others were in progress. Someprojects achieved breakthroughs. For example, the first flexible hybridindustrial robot was successfully developed, and the capability for itssmall-volume production achieved. RV reducers has the capability for volumeproduction with overseas orders and harmonic wave decelerator is capable oflarge scale production.

3.Implementation ofpilot projects has taken root. Thework of setting up pilot cities / city clusters for 「China Manufacturing 2025」was actively promoted, with 8 cities (Ningbo, Quanzhou, Shenyang, Changchun,Wuhan, Wuzhong, Qingdao and Chengdu) approved as pilot cities, and five citiesin south Jiangsu province, west bank of Pearl River in Guangdong Province andChangsha, Zhuzhou and Xiangtan of Hunan Province approved as pilot cityclusters. Currently, in line with the implementation plan, all pilot cities /city clusters started comprehensive pilot work on industrial upgrading,technological innovation, policy guarantee and talent training, and began toexplore new models and paths for manufacturing transformation and upgradingunder the new normal situation with a view to gain experiences that can bereplicated elsewhere and applied widely as early as possible.

4.Region-specific guidelines were introduced to facilitatedifferentiated development across regions. Following the principle of 「promotingdifferentiated development and ministry-province cooperation based oncomparative advantages」, MIIT strengthened alignment with all localities andformulated 「Province and MunicipalitySpecific Guidelines for China Manufacturing 2025 (2016)」 to help solve suchlong-standing problems as redundant construction and homogeneous competition.In line with "China Manufacturing 2025", and taking into account oflocal resource advantages, industrial development status, geographicalconditions, and market environment, all localities identified development prioritiesand goals and developed related policies and measures to accelerate industrialtransformation and upgrading. By the end of 2016, 29 provinces, autonomousregions and municipalities have promulgated implementation plans or guidingdocuments designed to pursue a new environment for developing manufacturing,which suits local conditions, boasts distinctive local features, and ensures coordinationacross regions and differentiated competition.

5. The integration of manufacturing industry and Internet achievednoted results thanks to more effective policy guidance. Guided by policiessuch as Guidelines on Promoting Internet+and Guidelines on Deepening Integrationof Manufacturing Industry and Internet as issued by the State Council andas a result of efforts by all parties concerned, Internet was widely applied inthe R&D and designing process. The key products and equipment became moreintelligent. In 2016, the penetration rate of applying digital R&D toolsfor enterprises reached 61.8% and the digitalization of key processes reached33.3%. The development of 「mass entrepreneurship and innovation」 platforms forlarge enterprises yielded good results, in which, 47% established and operatedplatforms for collaborative innovation and the state-owned key enterprisesbuilt up 110 Internet-based platforms for "mass entrepreneurship andinnovation". Standard implementation of the administrative system for theintegration of manufacturing industry and internet proceeded smoothly involvingover 4,000 enterprises nationwide. More than 72,000 enterprises didself-assessment, self-diagnosis, and self-benchmarking, with 8.8% decrease ofoperating cost and a 6.9% increase of operating profit on average for theseenterprises. Industrial Internet was promoted and prospective studies focusingon top-level architecture and key standards as priorities were undertaken.Collaboration among enterprises, academia, research institutes was strengthenedand application was accelerated through pilot programs.

6. Initial results were achieved in qualityimprovement and branding. implementation of special action. Since the implementation of thespecial action on enhancing the variety, quality and branding for consumergoods industry, the General Office of the State Council issued Opinions on Special Actions of Enhancing theVariety, Quality and Brand for Consumer Goods Industry and Creating FavorableMarket Environment and Plan forImproving Standard and Quality of Consumer Goods (2016-2020), and MIIT, theGeneral Administration of Quality Supervision, Inspection and Quarantine, andthe State Administration of Science, Technology and Industry for NationalDefense jointly released jointly Guidelineson Special Actions of Enhancing Quality and Brand of Equipment ManufacturingIndustry and Plan for EnhancingStandardization and Quality Improvement of Equipment Manufacturing Industry.In 2016, 23 quality control and technical evaluation labs for industrialproducts were ratified, 669 compulsory standards and plans were merged andstreamlined, and 208 industrial standards for consumer goods were released. Wesupported 11 international standard drafts proposed by China, which laid asolid basis for improving the quality of consumer goods. 251 pilot enterprisesfor brand development were identified across the industry. The first batch of22 industrial clusters participating in the pilot projects for regional branddevelopment enjoyed on average 2.3% market increase, with over 10% exportgrowth rate and the output value ratio of new products increased from 27% to34.1%.

II. MainDifficulties and Problems

1. International environment remainscomplicated and challenging. The global economy is now in a period of moving toward new growthdrivers, and the role of traditional engines to drive growth has weakened.Despite the emergence of new technologies such as artificial intelligence and3D printing, new sources of growth are yet to emerge, and the global economyhas remained sluggish. Anti-globalization sentiment and protectionism are onthe rise, bringing more uncertainties.

2. Innovative development path remains to beexplored. Asthere is nooff-the-shelf experience to draw from in terms of transforming and upgradingthe manufacturing sector and achieving the shift between new and old drivingforces, we have to rid ourselves of dependence on traditional ways ofdevelopment. There is still a long way to go when dealing with issues such ashow to cultivate new industry and transform the old one, stabilize growth andadjust structure , and to address the balance of government guidance and marketrole.

3. Market forces need to be allowed to playa more effective role. Faced with pressure from economic downturns,some regions and sectors are in a rush to promote investment and stabilizegrowth. Meanwhile, we need to be fully aware of issues like the decrease ofinvestment, particularly private investment in the manufacturing sector, andthe extreme pressure that some manufacturing companies face in production andoperation. Necessary policies and measures must be developed promptly toprovide effective guidance.

III. Next Steps

1. To implement initiatives such as 「Five Major Programs」. Develop and issuethecultivation plan of 「mass entrepreneurship and innovation」 platforms formanufacturing companies, and take special actions accordingly, focusing onimproving the supporting capability for innovative technologies such asindustrial cloud, industrial big data and industrial Internet. Promote thedevelopment of Innovation centers in the fields of robots, electronics &information and new materials, and guide and facilitate establishment ofprovincial innovation centers. Develop new models for discrete smartmanufacturing,process smart manufacturing, network coordinated manufacturing, large-scalepersonal and customized service, as well as remote operation and maintenance.Make breakthroughs in key technologies and equipment, such as additivemanufacturing, smart sensing and control. Continue to implement a series of major breakthrough actions and one package applicationplan., improve the basic system for industrial technologies, enhancebasic public service platforms for industrial technologies, and promoteinteractive development between the whole set / system and basic technologies.Facilitate development and integration of greenmanufacturing system, as well as pilot program for transforming the greendevelopment of traditional manufacturing sector, adopt clean productionprocess, improve efficiency of water resource utilization and transform basicmanufacturing technique in an environment-friendly way. Focusing on thedevelopment of key systems and core parts, facilitate breakthroughs in a rangeof key equipment which are subject to export restrictions abroad and urgentlyneeded domestically, such as aero-engines, gas turbines and high-end CNC machine tools.

2. To extend coverage of pilot cities and city clusters. Select 20 to 30 cities / clusterswith good conditions and exemplary role, and continue to promote pilot programsof 「China Manufacturing 2025」. Provide guidance to pilot cities /city clustersin initiating the work on implementing the five new development concepts, waysto achieve tasks and supporting policies and measures. On the one hand, enhancecoordination and supervision, establish evaluation system and create anenvironment where central government, provinces and pilot cities focus on keyareas, collaborate and support each other; on the other, by making use of the interactivemechanism at different levels, enhance guidance and regulation, and pursuedifferentiated development of the manufacturing sector across regions.

3. To accelerate theconstruction of key milestone projects. We will coordinate theimplementation of the key milestone projects for 2016 which are still inprogress, to specify the division of responsibilities and schedule, to ensuresound implementation of the projects. Furthermore, focusing on key areas andbottlenecks defined in 「China Manufacturing 2025,」 we will continue to select arange of projects which have a sound foundation and high relevance, and whichhave long been the bottleneck for the industry and are likely to achievebreakthrough in the next 2 or 3 years, as key milestone projects for 2017 toadvance with concentrated efforts.

4. To implement a new round of key programs on technologicaltransformation and upgrading. Implement the key project package for transformingand upgrading manufacturing sector, support major projects on transformation ofcorporate intelligence, upgrading of basic capabilities, promotion of greenmanufacturing, development of high-end equipment. Continue to publicize Investment Guidelines on TechnologicalTransformation and Upgrading of Industrial Enterprises, strengthen guidancefor enterprises, localities and financial institutions. Improve the database onkey corporate technological transformation projects and compile annual guidingplan, enhance information sharing and matchmaking between industry andfinancing, and develop financial products and services that match withtechnological transformation.

5. To optimizedevelopment environment for manufacturing sector. Streamline administration and delegate more powers, improveregulation and optimize services. Speed up the transformation of governmentfunctions, improve regulation on industrial access, and establish anoperational and post-operational regulatory system which is transparent andefficient with clear division of rights and responsibilities. Implementtargeted industrial policies and strive to make policies inclusive and functional.Improve synergy and coordination between industrial policies with those oftaxation, financing and trade. Support SMEs development, implement preferentialtaxation policies already in place, support innovative ways of financing formicro- enterprises and reduce effectively costs of enterprises.

6. To promoteinternational exchange and cooperation. Implementing thephilosophy of open development, we will promote alignment of 「China Manufacturing 2025」 with the industrial developmentstrategies of international partners through various bilateral or multilateralcooperation mechanisms, and enhance international cooperation in smartmanufacturing, expand cooperation in industrial investment with countries alongthe Belt and Road regions, implement key projects on international capacitycooperation, in order to achieve win-win cooperation.