這是一本玩心跳的書,推薦給熱愛野外探險的你丨讀書者說
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關注說到動物,你會想到什麼?
是沙發旁日夜陪伴的寵物?還是動物園裡的奇珍異獸?或是視頻里肆意奔跑於非洲大草原的猛獸?
但如果你問克雷格·查爾茲(Craig Childs)動物是什麼,他可能會告訴你:
?是亞利桑那州科羅拉多河邊的藍鷺(Blue Heron);
?是猶他州沙漠盆地上空盤旋的渡鴉(Raven);
?甚至是墨西哥北部凌亂荒野間的美洲豹(Jaguar)。
而這隻美洲豹,很可能帶著濃烈的氣味,剛剛和查爾茲擦肩而過,亦或是被查爾茲當作同伴悄悄地跟蹤,然後嚇得他臉頰發燙,渾身動彈不得。
這樣的場景,對於我們似乎遙不可及;對於克雷格·查爾茲(Craig Childs)來說,卻是生活中的日常。
克雷格·查爾茲(Craig Childs)查爾茲出生於美國的亞利桑那州,是一位博物學家、冒險家。受到熱愛野外探險的母親的影響,從青少年時期,查爾茲就靠著做河流嚮導、加油站服務生和新聞記者的收入,開始了野外探險生涯。他最常做的,就是自由地穿梭於叢林深處,用眼神、氣息、動作與野生動物進行無聲的長談。
而這些常人想都不敢想的奇險經歷,查爾茲不但樂在其中,還寫了本《遇見動物的時刻》(The Animal Dialogues),記錄他和三十多種野生動物不期而遇的情景。
《遇見動物的時刻》The Animal Dialogues說不期而遇,是因為身在荒野,查爾茲永遠不知道自己將遇見什麼。據他介紹,經常出現的情況是:
I choose a coyote and I get a very rainy day. I choose an elk and get a deer mouse. Then a mountain lion comes from behind while I am crouched, looking at its tracks.
我選擇了郊狼,找到的卻是滂沱大雨的一天。選擇了麋鹿,找到的卻是鹿鼠。正蹲著查看美洲獅的腳印呢,美洲獅卻一下子從我背後躍出。
這不,這一會兒,查爾茲不小心在峽谷深處摔倒,剛剛站起身來準備繼續向下走,讓他意想不到的事情發生了:
I walked to the edge of a small pour-off. I was about to put my foot over when a large snap of motion came from below. Every possibility hit my mind. Bighorn. Javelina. Bear.
我走到一片滲水源旁邊,剛要跨過去,就感覺下面有巨大的東西騰躍而起。每種可能性都在敲擊著我的神經。大角羊。野豬。熊。
Mountain Lion.
美洲獅。
Five feet in front of me. The cat was in the air before I could jerk in any direction. In a quartersecondit was all color and shape, moving fast, and my blood locked onto my organs as if I were flash-frozen. I couldn"t tell which way it was moving. The tail was out.
前方一米半。我還沒來得及向任何方向扭身,那隻獅子已經在空中了。四分之一秒的時間裡,能看到它全部的顏色和體型,移動得相當快,我的血都凝滯在了器官里,像被凍住了一樣。無法分辨它朝哪個方向移動。看不到尾巴。
It unraveled before my face for a third of a second. That is when I was certain it was a lion. I was fixed on the tail, and it was fat like a jungle snake, its tip black. It told me that the cat was leaping headlong away from me.
三分之一秒的時間裡,它展身在我面前。那時,我才確定這是一隻獅子。我注意看尾巴,粗得像條叢林蛇,尾巴尖是黑色的。這樣我便知道,這隻獅子是頭向前越過我而去的。
Then the back paws. Toes spread from pushing off. Among the brown hairs and worn black pads. I thought I saw claws. Cat claws. A wave of air struck me. It tousled my bangs.
隨後是後爪。腳趾因用力躍起而分開。在棕色毛皮和殘破的黑爪墊之間,我想我看到了尖爪。貓科動物的爪子。一陣風向我襲來,弄亂了我的劉海。
這個故事我反覆讀過很多遍,但每一次讀到這裡都忍不住地屏息凝神,和查爾茲一樣呆立在原地,看這隻一周便可以吃掉一頭鹿的野獸,如何在不到一秒鐘的時間裡從身旁一躍而過,消失在叢林中。
然而這只是個開始,在亞利桑那州靠近新墨西哥州的藍山附近,查爾茲甚至和一隻美洲獅四目相對:
No dilemma in the lion"s eyes; it stares me down as if I am prey backed against awater hole. Even with a slow, lucid gait, it is quickly in my world.
它眼中沒有進退兩難的神情:它直視著我,彷彿我是一隻被逼到了水洞邊的獵物。雖然步態緩慢而清晰,它還是很快地進入了我的世界。
It looks up at me from under its brow so that its head is down and its eyes are shelved by a shadow. A stalking stare. The distance is closed in seconds.
它自眉宇間向上看我,頭放低,眼睛遮在樹蔭里。那是伏擊的眼神。我們之間的距離幾秒鐘內將會變成零。
This cat is going to attack me.
這隻貓科動物馬上要對我發起襲擊了。
It keeps walking, focusing straight on me, not stepping left or right of its line. Its motion is sleek and exact, revealing that it has no intention of stopping short of me.
它繼續向前走,眼睛直盯著我,在所走的路線上既不偏左,也不偏右。他的步伐順暢而精確,絲毫沒有在我前面停住的意思。
The mountain lion sizes me up and down, closing the space between us. The face says nothing, while the tail twitches like a lie detector.
那隻美洲獅渾身上下與我相當,不斷縮短著我們之間的距離。它的面部毫無表情,尾巴抽動著像是個測謊儀。
如果你曾注意過家貓準備撲向獵物時輕快搖動的尾巴,大概可以推測出這隻美洲獅面對查爾茲步步緊逼的意圖。查爾茲拔出了刀,做了最壞的打算:
If it jumps, the knife goes into its rib cage. All my energy will be in the thrust. The lion may reconsider after that. But what shape will I be in after the single blow its entire body is built to deliver?
如果它跳過來,刀子會插入它的肋骨架。我會用所有的力量捅上去。它也許會因此而重新考慮一下。可是,在它整個身體所發出的致命一擊之後,我會是什麼形狀?
真讓人為查爾茲捏一把汗!我的心都跟著提到了嗓子眼,腎上腺素也奔湧起來。我不敢想像自己面對這樣一隻猛獸的情形,只期待眼前這隻美洲獅能快點從查爾茲身邊離去。
而查爾茲也的確受到了不小的驚嚇,據他記錄,在接下來的一周里,他寢食難安,總覺得美洲獅的影子會隨時出現在陽光下的樹木和石頭間,獨自徒步時也滿眼都是那隻美洲獅。只有在仔細環視周圍環境,確定美洲獅真的不在時,才會微微放鬆下來。
但作為一個真正的野外愛好者,你千萬不要指望查爾茲因為一次和美洲獅的正面交鋒而退縮。和千萬探險家一樣,查爾茲總是帶著孩子般的好奇和無所畏懼,向著下一個目的地進發。
這一次,他選擇了科羅拉多河的下游;而被他選中的動物,居然是讓人聞風喪膽的響尾蛇(Rattlesnake);但最令我感到不可思議的是,查爾茲居然會為了滿足自己的好奇心,期望能夠被蛇咬上一口!他說:
However respectful I was, I still felt as if I were pacing in the desert"s waiting room, listening for my name to be called.
無論我多麼恭敬,仍然感覺自己是在沙漠的等候室中踱步,等著被叫到。
I expected a sudden bolt of an arrow-shaped head from out of a pant leg I was putting on in the morning, a jolt of pain in the skin between thumb and forefinger, or at the back of my knee, or on the side of my neck as I leaned down to drink from a spring without noticing a serpent resting beside me.
總覺得早上穿起褲子時,一條褲腿的外面會突然冒出一個矛頭形狀的腦袋,拇指和食指間的皮膚驟然劇痛起來,或是在泉水邊俯身喝水時,後膝蓋或者脖子旁側猛然劇痛,沒有注意到旁邊還躺著一條毒蛇。
而這樣的「等候」與臆想,又何嘗不是另一種恐懼呢?
It is not like the fear of being torn apart by a grizzly or dragged into a tree by a jaguar. This is fear of a sniper, a bullet from nowhere, the sound of a rattle coming too late.
那種恐懼不像是被灰熊撕成兩半,或是被美洲豹拽上大樹。這是阻擊手的恐懼,不知道什麼地方會冒出一顆子彈,而響尾蛇發出的聲響傳來時,就已經太遲了。
查爾茲的文字充滿了想像力與魅力,他的每一個故事都讓人有身臨其境之感。若不是生活在車水馬龍的城市,我真擔心明天早上出門時,會有一條蛇吐著舌頭,從鞋櫃里探出腦袋來和我打招呼!
當然,野外的生活也不都是危險與刺激,還有很多我們在城市鮮有機會接觸的知識,查爾茲也都以故事的形式把它們記錄下來。
而這些在《百科全書》里看了直叫人打瞌睡的內容,一經查爾茲的手,彷彿也被施了魔法一樣,變得生動活潑了許多,就像《洛杉磯時報》所評論的那樣:
Childs has a gift for weaving fascinating scientific fact into compelling narrative. His book is not just an adrenaline rush; it is also an education.
查爾茲有一種天賦,能把迷人的科學事實編織進引人注目的敘述當中。他的書不僅促使你分泌腎上腺素,也是一種教育。
比如有一次遇到郊狼時,查爾茲介紹到:
Each western state throws several hundred thousand dollars annually into the coyote-killing pot. A typical year will see the federally mandated death of ninety-eight thousand coyotes in the United States. In return, coyote populations have risen off the charts.
西部每個州每年都會扔幾十萬美元到郊狼捕殺地。典型的年份里,美國奉聯邦政府之命殺死的郊狼多達九萬八千隻。隨之而來的結果是,郊狼的數量升破了記錄。
對於人類這種適得其反的舉動,他解釋說:
The response of coyotes to predator control is not just in litter size but in the number of females giving birth. When the population is stable, half of the female coyotes in an area will ovulate. When the pack is drastically pared down, all available females will ovulate, including the yearlings, who would normally not ovulate for another year.
郊狼對食肉動物防控行動的反應不僅表現在仔畜的數量上,還表現在下崽母狼的數量上。種群數量穩定時,一個地區的母狼有一半會排卵。當種群數量被大規模消減,所有的母狼都會排卵,包括剛滿一歲的,這些小狼通常條件下都要再過一年才會排卵。
而講述到加拿大的育空地區被成群的蚊子猛烈襲擊的遭遇時,查爾茲向讀者普及道:
If a mosquito is released in still air, it will come directly to you even if you are standing one hundred feet away. Through the air, the mosquito senses the carbon dioxide of your breath, lactic acid from your skin, traces of acids emitted by skin bacteria, and the humidity and the heat of your body.
如果蚊子在靜止的空氣中被釋放出來,即便你站在三十米遠的地方,它也可以直接飛到你身邊。通過空氣,它能感知到你呼出的二氧化碳,皮膚上的乳酸,皮膚細菌釋放出的弱酸,以及身體的濕度和熱度。
If there is a slight breeze, a mosquito may be able to locate you from across the length of a football field. If there is a strong wind, your signals are broken and scattered, and the mosquito can rarely find the source from a distance.
如果空氣中有一點微風,蚊子差不多可以在一個足球場大小的地方確定你的位置。如果是強風,你的信號會斷斷續續散開,蚊子便很難從遠處找到源頭了。
這也就解釋了為什麼在夏季無風的傍晚,我們更容易被蚊子叮得滿腿是包了。
還有一次,查爾茲幫助一隻狗清理卡在嘴裡豪豬的剛毛,惹得那隻狗渾身痙攣,尖叫不已。但可別小看了這些剛毛,對於小狗來說,因為貪吃而惹上的這些堅硬的針毛完全可以要了它的命,因為:
Thirty thousand quills on the back of a porcupine. Each barbed so well that with every contraction of the victim"s muscles, the quills work deeper. Another half inch, another inch. The the offending animal dies with swords in its heart and in its lungs.
豪豬的背上,有三萬根剛毛。每一根都帶著倒刺。受害者的肌肉一收縮,剛毛便會扎得更深。又進十五厘米,再進三厘米。最後進攻的動物便會因為心臟和肺部扎入利劍而死。
小小的豪豬竟有如此強大的防禦能力,難怪它們可以在野外優哉游哉地慢慢行動而不被獵食者盯上。這也提醒那些對豪豬感興趣的科學家和動物愛好者們,在接觸豪豬時一定要分外小心!
In one case a porcupine researcher took a single quill into his elbow while trying to capture a porcupine. It embedded and disappeared into his arm. Two days later the quill emerged through his forearm far from its original entrance, and he found the object loose in his jacket sleeve.
曾經有豪豬研究者在抓豪豬的時候不慎讓一根剛毛扎到了胳膊上。剛毛嵌入他的胳膊不見了。兩天後,那根剛毛從他的前臂露出,離最初扎進去的地方很遠,而且他發現這個東西掛在了夾克衫的袖子上。
像這樣兼具趣味性和科學性的小故事,在《遇見動物的時刻》這本書里比比皆是。無論你和作者一樣迷戀野性、嚮往叢林,還是像我一樣只是在不經意間和這場叢林冒險偶然相遇,都會在裡面發現有趣的內容。
而閱讀這本書,也並不需要整片整片的空閑時間。晚上睡覺前,或是學習工作得疲倦了,隨手從身邊的書架上抽出它,打開一個關於美洲獅的段落,或是翻到郊狼聚集的灌木叢,沉迷其中,你會看到自己在山林行走的樣子,呼吸到夾雜著草叢清香的空氣,體驗另一種我們在城市不曾遇見的生活。
編輯:焦潔
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