【翻譯】OG18閱讀第4篇-環境經融

來自專欄飛貓GMATの習題與解析

以下是飛貓對OG第四篇閱讀的獨家理解和翻譯，括弧內的內容是便於大家理解所作的補充。本文篇幅不長，但卻涉及到諸多的經濟學概念，對於沒有經濟學背景的同學來說會比較難。不著急，畢竟我們不是在考試，慢慢讀，嘗試著依靠句子之間的邏輯關係來理解文章。

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The argument for 「monetizing」—or putting a monetary value on—ecosystem functions may be stated thus: Concern about the depletion of natural resources is widespread, but this concern, in the absence of an economic argument for conservation, has not translated into significant conservational progress. Some critics blame this impasse on environmentalists, whom they believe fail to address the economic issues of environmental degradation. Conservation can appear unprofitable when compared with the economic returns derived from converting natural assets (pristine coastlines, for example) into explicitly commercial ones (such as resort hotels). But according to David Pearce, that illusion stems from the fact that 「services」 provided by ecological systems are not traded on the commodities market, and thus have no readily quantifiable value. To remedy this, says Pearce, one has to show that all ecosystems have economic value—indeed, that all ecological services are economic services. Tourists visiting wildlife preserves, for example, create jobs and generate income for national economies; undisturbed forests and wetlands regulate water runoff and act as water-purifying systems, saving millions of dollars worth of damage to property and to marine http://ecosystems.In Gretchen Daily』s view, monetization, while unpopular with many environmentalists, reflects the dominant role that economic considerations play in human behavior, and the expression of economic value in a common currency helps inform environmental decision-making processes.

對「monetizing(貨幣化)」的爭論-或者說將貨幣價值施加在-生態功能上，能夠這樣稱述：對自然資源的耗盡的擔心廣泛傳播著，但是這一擔心，在缺乏對（自然資源的）保護的經濟價值的討論下，還沒有轉化為一個重要的保護過程。一些批評家把這一（環境）僵局歸罪於環保專家，他們認為是環保專家沒有成功地解決環境退化（帶來）的經濟問題。與把自然資產（比如說原始的海岸線）轉換成明確地去營利的資產（例如度假酒店）相比，去保護自然資源就顯得沒有什麼利潤可言（這是一個普遍認知）。但是根據David Pearce的說法，這一錯覺（錯覺指的是上一句話的內容）是源自於一個事實，由生態系統提供的「服務」沒有被投放到商品市場中進行交易，因此就沒有容易計量的價值。關於這點Pearce進一步補充說明道，一個人必須要展示出一點，即所有的生態系統都有經濟價值-的確是的，所有生態服務都是經濟服務。比如說，遊客參觀野生動物保護區就增加了工作崗位並且為國家經濟增加了收益；未受干擾的森林和濕地調整了水流並扮演著凈水系統的角色，這節省了上百萬美元相當於對財產和海洋系統的毀壞的價值了（worth of是等值的意思）。Gretchen Daily的觀點是，（環境）貨幣化，儘管不受環保專家的歡迎，反應出經濟考慮在人的表現行為上扮演著的支配著的角色（即利益因素主導著人的行為），以及在共同貨幣中的（環境保護的）經濟價值的意見（表達）有助於告知環境決策過程。

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飛貓獨家翻譯，翻譯有誤之處，還請各位私信指正~

P.s. 未經許可轉載，賠償費3千人民幣/千字。

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