Lesson 19

nail household 釘子戶

Nail household refers to those people who are reluctant to relocate even though the houses will be knocked down soon. 今天來介紹一個很有「中國特色」的詞語翻譯——「釘子戶」。Examples:Chinese "nail households" strive for fairness. 中國釘子戶力爭公平。Sabotage of water, heat, gas or power supplies is frequently used to drive the 「nail households」 away. 切斷水、暖、煤氣和電力供應常常被實施，用來驅趕「釘子戶」。===========================================================================================Today Topic: Renewable Energy再生能源Today Vocabulary: Windmills 風車 Host: Alan(上海南方中心)Next up is wind. Wind is everywhere so we can use it drive wind turbines(v.風輪機). We have come a long way from the old windmills（n.風車） that were popular in the Netherlands （n.荷蘭）. These days our turbines can be over 100m tall and produce lots of electricity. The biggest turbines need a lot of wind, so are often sited offshore, which means in the sea.風無處不在，所以我們可以用它來驅動風輪機。古老的風車在荷蘭很常見，從那時起，我們已經走了很長一段路。現在我們的渦輪機已經高達100多米，產生大量的電能。最大的渦輪機需要大量的風，所以它們常常被設置於海面上。After wind there is solar power（n.太陽能）. There are a few ways we can catch the power of the sun. One is with the use of photovoltaics or PV cells（n.光電機板）. These change the power of the sunlight directly to electricity. Another method is concentrated solar power or CSP. This system uses mirrors to concentrate the sunlight on a liquid; this liquid is superheated（v.過熱） and then is used to boil water to turn a steam turbine（n.蒸汽輪機）. The last way is very simple and just heats water for our showers, it called solar water heating.在風力之後就是太陽能。我們捕捉太陽能有一些方法。其中一個方法就是光電基板（PV cells），它們能把太陽光的能量直接轉換成電能。另一個方法就是聚光太陽能發電（CSP）。這個方法是用鏡子來聚焦太陽能在液體之上；這個液體會過熱，然後用沸騰水轉換為一個蒸汽輪機。最後一個方法非常容易，受熱的水可以供來洗澡，這叫作太陽能水熱發電。。So that was a brief introduction to renewables（adj.可更新的，可再生的）. As to which ones will become widespread, well we will have to see.所以這裡是再生能源的一個簡單介紹。究竟哪個會更廣泛適用一些，那麼讓我們拭目以待。Let』s go through some words and phrases: 讓我們一起來回顧一下有用的詞語吧！ Windmills 風車Renewable 可更新的，可再生的================================================================================================【健康】食物標籤的背後Is It Really Health Food?Just because the label says it』s good for you doesn』t mean it is. Here』s how to read beyond the marketing hype.Take a moment and consider this logic(n.邏輯): 1. Fat-free foods are healthy. 2. Skittles(一種彩虹糖名字) are fat-free. 3. Therefore, Skittles are healthy. Make sense合理,有意義)? Of course not. But it』s exactly the type of reasoning that food manufacturers want you to use.You see, in our example, we started with a false premise(n.前提). That』s because the term 「fat-free」 is often code for 「high-sugar」 — an attribute that makes a product the opposite of healthy. Case in point: Johns Hopkins University researchers recently determined that high blood sugar is an independent risk factor for heart disease. So high-glycemic(高血糖) foods — those such as sugars and starches(n.澱粉) that raise your blood sugar dramatically — are inherently (adv.內在地,固有地)unhealthy.Unfortunately, faulty food logic is far less obvious when you』re shopping outside the candy aisle(n.走廊). Why? Because making healthy choices isn』t as simple as knowing that beans are packed with fiber(n.纖維), or that fruits are loaded with disease-fighting antioxidants(抗氧化物). After all, manufacturers often add ingredients, such as sugar, that can instantly turn a good snack(n.小吃) bad. As a result, many of the products that you think are wholesome(adj.有益健康的) are anything but. Yogurt with Fruit at the BottomThe upside(n.優點,優勢): Yogurt and fruit are two of the healthiest foods known to man.The downside(n.劣勢): Corn syrup(玉米糖漿) is not. But that』s exactly what』s used to make these products supersweet. For example, a cup of yogurt contains 36 grams (g) of sugar, only about half of which is found naturally in the yogurt and fruit. The rest comes in the form of 「added」 sugar — or what we prefer to call 「unnecessary.」標籤上寫著健康並不意味著真正健康。本文教你如何看食物標籤上商業宣傳背後的東西。看一下這個邏輯推理：1.無脂食品是健康的。2.彩虹糖是無脂的。3.因此，彩虹糖是健康的。這是正確的嗎？當然不是。但這種推理方式正是生產商所希望的。你看，在這個例子中，我們的前提就是錯的。這是因為「無脂」總是隱含著「高糖」—— 一種不健康的標誌。有個很好的例子：約翰霍普金斯大學的研究者最近證實高血糖是引發心臟病的重要因素。因此，高血糖物質——例如能引起血糖快速上升的糖類和澱粉——自然是不健康的。不幸的是，當你在糖果街以外的地方購買食物時，這種錯誤的飲食邏輯往往並不明顯。為什麼呢？因為購買健康的食物並不簡單，不是知道豆類含有纖維或水果具有抵抗疾病的抗氧化物質就可以了的。畢竟，生產商經常添加其他物質，例如糖類，使一個健康的食物變得不健康了。因此，許多你認為健康的食物其實並不盡然。有水果在底部的酸奶優點：酸奶和水果是眾所周知的兩種最健康的食物。缺點: 玉米糖漿是不健康的食物。但卻常用來增加食物的甜度。例如，一杯含糖36克的酸奶，其中只有一半是酸奶和水果本身所含有的。其餘的都是「人工添加」糖——或者被我們稱為「並不需要的」。
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